CN108562258A - A kind of maximum inscribed circle column diameter assessment method of fast steady letter - Google Patents
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to delicate metering and computer application field, have be related to a kind of stabilization, quickly, the simple maximum inscribed circle column diameter assessment method of form, comprise the steps of:Step 1:Measuring point collection is obtained, and feature row vector collection, boundary element collection and state elements collection are established according to measuring point collection;Step 2:It takes state elements to integrate the corresponding measuring point of minimum value as key point, and its measuring point serial number is added to key point and is concentrated;Step 3:Analysis matrix and analysis column vector are established according to crucial point set;Step 4:Rank analysis is carried out to analysis matrix and augmentation analysis matrix, continues optimizing to determine, reject key point or terminator and obtains optimal value;Step 5:It solves analysis matrix and analysis column vector obtains search direction;Step 6:To come up with the new key point of problem solving, measuring point state set is updated, and enter and recycle next time;Step 7, terminator and optimal value is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of precision metering and computer application, and relates to a stable, quick and simple maximum inscribed cylinder diameter evaluation method, which can be used for evaluating the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter of a part with a revolving body structure and provides guidance for the improvement of a machining process of the part.
Background
The size error and the shape and position error (short for shape error and position error) directly influence the product quality, the assembly and the service life of the product, and the method has important significance for quickly and accurately calculating the part error. The national and ISO standards give the definition and discrimination of the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter, but do not give the method of calculating the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter value from the measured data. Currently, the method for evaluating the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter is a research hotspot of academia and is mainly divided into the following five evaluation methods.
First, a specialized geometric assessment method. And gradually searching the maximum diameter of the inscribed cylinder which meets the definition and/or discrimination conditions of national standards and ISO standards according to the translation and deformation strategies of the inscribed cylinder and/or the circumscribed cylinder by utilizing the geometric properties of the cylinder. The method has high speed, but the form of the mathematical model is complex, and the method is not easy to popularize and use.
Second, convex hull or convex hull-like evaluation methods. And constructing a convex hull or a similar convex hull by using the properties of the convex hull, acquiring effective measurement data, reducing the scale of the data to be evaluated, and finally acquiring the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter meeting the definition and/or judgment conditions of the national standard and the ISO standard by using an enumeration method. This type of approach has significant advantages when dealing with medium scale station data. Even when the data size is large, the data size can still be reduced by constructing the convex hull. However, the efficiency of such methods for direct assessment has been inadequate.
And in the third category, a linear or nonlinear target optimization function is constructed, optimization solution is carried out by adopting a common optimization method, and the optimization value of the target optimization function is taken as the diameter of the maximum inscribed cylinder. The method is simple and easy to understand, and realizes a standard solution method in a plurality of software, so the method is easy to popularize. This type of method is generally inefficient because the geometric features of the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter assessment are not added and the large scale data in the assessment task is not considered.
The fourth category, artificial intelligence/biological intelligence algorithms. The advantage of this type of method over the third type of method is to analyze the "objective function with complex gradient or no apparent analytic expression" and to find the "global optimum". The method also realizes standard solutions in a plurality of software at present, so the method is easy to popularize. Although these methods are relatively hot at present, they are less suitable for use in the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter assessment. This is because the gradient of the objective function as assessed by the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter is the sum of a large number of simple analytical expressions, and the "local optimum" of the objective function is the "global optimum". Thus, this type of process does not have a significant advantage over the third type of process.
The fifth category, active set methods. The active set method is a method specially used for processing large-scale planning problems and is characterized in that the processing of 'invalid constraint' is reduced as much as possible in the optimization process. When the method is applied to the evaluation of the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter, the efficiency is equivalent to that of the first method, the algorithm maturity and the software integration are equivalent to that of the third method and the fourth method, and the method is a relatively quick and simple maximum inscribed cylinder diameter evaluation method at present. However, this method is very sensitive to the initial value and does not always perform the task of evaluating the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter stably.
In view of the above, there is still a lack of a stable, rapid, and simple-form method for assessing the diameter of the maximum inscribed cylinder.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is:
aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a stable, quick and simple method for evaluating the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter, which can be used for evaluating the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter of parts with a revolving body structure and provides guidance for the improvement of the processing technology of the parts.
The scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fast, stable and simple method for evaluating the diameter of a maximum inscribed cylinder is realized by the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a set of measurement pointsp i And according to ap i Establishing a characteristic line vector setA i Great, boundary element setb i Great Chinese character and state element sett i }, wherein:
i=1, 2, 3, …,N;ithe serial numbers of the measuring points are shown,Nthe total number of the measuring points is;
p i ={x i ,y i ,z i is the measurement pointiAnd the axis of the measured cylinder approaches the coordinate systemzThe central planes of the two bottom surfaces of the measured cylinder are close to the XOY plane of the coordinate system;
t i =all state elementst i Is a set of state elementst i };
A i =([x i ,y i , -y i z i ,x i z i ])/t i Is a feature row vector, all feature row vectorsA i Is a set of characteristic line vectorsA i };
b i =bIs a real number greater than 0, all boundary elementsb i Is a set of boundary elementsb i }。
After step 1, step 2 is performed.
Step 2: gett i Minimum valuet minCorresponding measuring pointp l1Is a key point and the serial number of the measuring point isl 1Joined to a set of key pointslIn (c) }.
After step 2, step 3 is performed.
And step 3: according to the set of key pointslEstablishment of an analysis matrixAAnd analyzing the column vectorsbWherein:
A=[…,A j T, …,A k T, …]Tis aLA matrix of rows and 4 columns,Lis a set of key pointslThe number of the elements in the (C),j,kis a set of key pointslThe elements in (1);
b=[…,b, …]Tis aLA column vector of rows.
After step 3, step 4 is performed.
And 4, step 4: for analysis matrixAAnd an augmented analysis matrixA,b]Rank analysis was performed.
Computingr A =rank(A),r Ab =rank([A,b]) And comparer A Andr Ab there are only two cases:
the first condition is as follows: if it is notr A =r Ab Then, the optimization should be continued, jumping to step 5;
case two: if it is notr A <r Ab Then, an attempt is made to determine from the analysis matrixAAnd analyzing the column vectorsbMiddle deleted key point setlOne of the elementslCorresponding rows, obtaining a reduced matrixA l- And reducing the column vectorb l- Solving a linear equationA l- v l- =b l- Solution of (2)v l- =v l-0 Then calculateb l- =A l v l-0 (ii) a If the set of keypoints is a greatlThe elements in (1) have all been tried and none have been obtainedb l- >bThen, the optimization should be ended, jumping to step 7; if the key point set is triedlElements in (b) }lWhen it is obtainedb l- >bThen, the matrix will be reducedA l- And reducing the column vectorb l- Respectively asAMatrix and analysis column vectorbWill elementlMoving out key point setlAnd jumping to the step 5; wherein,v l- =[v l-,1,v l-,2,v l-,3,v l-,4]T,v l-0 =[v l-0,1,v l-0,2,v l-0,3,v l-0,4]T。
and 5: solving linear equationsAv=bSolution of (2)v=v 0 Whereinv=[v 1,v 2,v 3,v 4]T,v 0 =[v 0,1,v 0,2,v 0,3,v 0,4]T。
after step 5, step 6 is performed.
Step 6: computingv i =A i v 0 Then calculateτ i =(t i –t min)÷(b-v i ). Getτ i Minimum value in the part of greater than zeroτ minCorresponding measuring pointp l2Is a new key point and the measured point is numberedl 2Joined to a set of key pointslIn (c) }.
All will bet i Is updated tot i +τ min∙v i ,t minIs updated tot i Is measured.
And finishing one-time optimization after the step 6 is finished, and performing the step 3.
And 7: computingt=2t min Is the desired maximum inscribed cylinder diameter.
Conveniently obtaining the measuring point set in step 1p i A general measurement data can be preparedp i * Processing by, but not limited to, the following method, obtaining the axis close to the coordinate systemzMeasuring point collection for axis and two bottom surface central planes of measured cylinder near XOY plane of coordinate systemp i }: firstly, moving according to the average value of coordinates; moving according to the extreme value of the coordinate; and thirdly, moving according to the principle of minimum root mean square of the coordinates.
To get a more accurate solution, the following optimization can be done:
in step 6, ifτ min∙v i Of single or several iterationsτ min∙v i Greater than a given thresholdqThen, the measuring points are collectedp i Is updated top i +τ min∙vOrp i +∑τ min∙vAnd updating the characteristic line vector set according to the formula in the step oneA i Great, boundary element setb i Great Chinese character and state element sett i }。
To facilitate numerical calculation, can makebTaking a specific value greater than 0, but not limited to 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. take full account ofThe geometric characteristics of the diameter of the inscribed cylinder simplify the evaluation form, and therefore, the evaluation method is easier to popularize than the first type of evaluation method. 2. The geometric characteristics of the diameter of the inscribed cylinder are fully considered, a better value is obtained through mature linear operation in each iteration, and the minimum inscribed cylinder diameter can be obtained finally, so that the algorithm is stable, and the problem of initial value sensitivity of the fifth method does not exist. 3. The fact that most of the measuring points are invalid measuring points in the inscribed cylinder diameter evaluation is implied, and the invalid measuring points are not added into iteration, so that the iteration number is small and is equivalent to that of the first type evaluation method and the fifth type evaluation method. 4. Calculating the optimizing direction by considering only the keypoint setlAnd (4) corresponding measuring points, so that the operation amount of each iteration is small, and the method is equivalent to the fifth type evaluation method. 5. Because the iteration times are less and the operation amount of each iteration is less, the total operation speed is equivalent to the first type evaluation method and the fifth type evaluation method.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the diameter of a maximum inscribed cylinder, which is stable, quick and simple in form, can be used for evaluating the diameter of the maximum inscribed cylinder of a part with a revolving body structure, and provides guidance for the improvement of the processing technology of the part, thereby having industrial possibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Evaluation test setp i The maximum inscribed cylinder diameter of.
Step 1: obtaining a set of measurement pointsp i The method comprises the following steps:
i | x i | y i | z i |
1 | 9.5285 | 3.1018 | -44.9417 |
2 | 5.8950 | -8.0895 | -39.9115 |
3 | -5.8697 | -8.0894 | -34.9254 |
4 | -9.5075 | 3.0930 | -29.9394 |
5 | 0.0051 | 10.0065 | -24.9598 |
6 | 9.5187 | 3.0979 | -19.9390 |
7 | 5.8812 | -8.0864 | -14.9905 |
8 | -5.8714 | -8.0748 | -9.9766 |
9 | -9.4958 | 3.1040 | -4.9176 |
10 | 0.0166 | 10.0059 | 0.0309 |
11 | 9.5210 | 3.0967 | 5.0832 |
12 | 5.8941 | -8.0790 | 10.0263 |
13 | -5.8642 | -8.0855 | 15.0456 |
14 | -9.5029 | 3.1009 | 20.0992 |
15 | 0.0151 | 10.0196 | 25.0235 |
16 | 9.5211 | 3.0912 | 30.0757 |
17 | 5.8899 | -8.0730 | 35.0988 |
18 | -5.8593 | -8.0820 | 40.0000 |
19 | -9.4997 | 3.0943 | 45.0219 |
20 | 0.0065 | 10.0019 | 50.0748 |
establishing a set of state elementst i The method comprises the following steps:
i | t i |
1 | 10.0207 |
2 | 10.0095 |
3 | 9.9946 |
4 | 9.9980 |
5 | 10.0065 |
6 | 10.0101 |
7 | 9.9989 |
8 | 9.9838 |
9 | 9.9902 |
10 | 10.0059 |
11 | 10.0120 |
12 | 10.0006 |
13 | 9.9882 |
14 | 9.9960 |
15 | 10.0196 |
16 | 10.0104 |
17 | 9.9933 |
18 | 9.9825 |
19 | 9.9910 |
20 | 10.0019 |
establishing a feature line vector setA i The method comprises the following steps:
establishing a set of boundary elementsb i The method comprises the following steps:
{b i }=[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]T。
after step 1, step 2 is performed.
Step 2: gett i Minimum valuet min= 9.9825 corresponding measuring pointp 18Is a key point, and adds the measuring point serial number 18 to a key point setlIn is made-l} = {18 }. After step 2, step 3 is performed.
And step 3: according to the set of key pointslEstablishment of an analysis matrixAAnd analyzing the column vectorsbWherein:
A=A 18=[-0.5870, 0.8096 , 32.3848 , -23.4783]is a matrix with 1 row and 4 columns, and a key point setlThe number of elements in = {18} is 1, and the elements are 18;
b=1, is a column vector of 1 row, which can also be considered as a single element.
After step 3, step 4 is performed.
And 4, step 4: for analysis matrixAAnd an augmented analysis matrixA,b]Rank analysis was performed.
Computingr A =rank(A) =1,r Ab =rank([A,b]) =1, and comparingr A Andr Ab . Because of the fact thatr A =r Ab So the seek should continue jumping to step 5.
And 5: solving linear equationsAv=bSolution of (2)v=v 0 =[0.0000 , 0.0000 , 0.0309 , 0.0000]T。
After step 5, step 6 is performed.
Step 6: computingv i =A i v 0 The results are as follows:
i | v i |
1 | 0.4296 |
2 | -0.9960 |
3 | -0.8729 |
4 | 0.2860 |
5 | 0.7707 |
6 | 0.1905 |
7 | -0.3744 |
8 | -0.2492 |
9 | 0.0472 |
10 | -0.0010 |
11 | -0.0485 |
12 | 0.2501 |
13 | 0.3761 |
14 | -0.1925 |
15 | -0.7727 |
16 | -0.2868 |
17 | 0.8756 |
18 | 1.0000 |
19 | -0.4306 |
20 | -1.5462 |
then calculateτ i =(t i –t min)÷(b-v i ) Results where greater than 0 are recorded as follows:
i | τ i |
1 | 0.0669 |
2 | 0.0135 |
3 | 0.0065 |
4 | 0.0217 |
5 | 0.1048 |
6 | 0.0342 |
7 | 0.0120 |
8 | 0.0010 |
9 | 0.0081 |
10 | 0.0234 |
11 | 0.0281 |
12 | 0.0241 |
13 | 0.0092 |
14 | 0.0114 |
15 | 0.0210 |
16 | 0.0217 |
17 | 0.0866 |
19 | 0.0060 |
20 | 0.0076 |
minimum value thereofτ minMeasuring point corresponding to =0.0010p 8Adding the measuring point serial number 8 of a new key point into a key point setlIn (c), a set of key points is madel}={18,8}。
All will bet i Is updated tot i +τ min∙v i ,t minIs updated tot i Is measured.
And finishing one-time optimization after the step 6 is finished, and performing the step 3.
By analogy, after the seventh optimization, the key points are collectedl} ={18,20,5,6,17}。
At this time, step 3 is performed first: according to the set of key pointsl} = {18,20,5,6,17} building analysis matricesAAnd analyzing the column vectorsbWherein:
b=[1,1,1,1,1]T。
after step 3, step 4 is performed.
And 4, step 4: for analysis matrixAAnd an augmented analysis matrixA,b]Rank analysis was performed.
Computingr A =rank(A) =4,r Ab =rank([A,b])=5,r A <r Ab . First, an attempt is made to analyze the matrix fromAAnd analyzing the column vectorsbMiddle deleted key point setlRow corresponding to the first element 18 in = {18,20,5,6,17}, resulting in a reduced matrixA -18:
Andb -18column vector:b -18=[1,1,1,1]T。
solving a linear equationA -18 v -18=b -18Solution of (2)v -18=v -018=[1.5734 , 0.9990 , 0.0000 ,0.0425]TThen calculateb -18=A 18 v -018=-2.7289<1=b. Similarly, one can find:b -20=-1.6596<1=b,b -5=-11.4667<1=b,b -6= 68.9453>1=b。
will be provided withA -6Matrix sumb -6The matrices are respectively asAMatrix andbmatrix, moving element 6 out of the set of keypointsl}, makingl} = {18,20,5,17}, and jumps to step 5.
Similarly, after the eighth subsequent optimization, the keypoint setl} ={18,20,5,17,9}。
At this time, step 3 is performed first: according to the set of key pointsl} = {18,20,5,17,9} building analysis matricesAAnd analyzing the column vectorsb. Wherein:
b=[1,1,1,1,1]T。
after step 3, step 4 is performed.
And 4, step 4: for analysis matrixAAnd an augmented analysis matrixA,b]Rank analysis was performed.
Computingr A =rank(A) =4,r Ab =rank([A,b])=5,r A <r Ab . As previously mentioned, one can obtain:b -18=A 18 v -018=-2.8788<1=b;b -20=A 20 v -020= -1.7390<1=b;b -5=A 5 v -05= -13.2907<1=b;b -17=A 17 v -017=-2.4762<1=b;b -9=A 9 v -09= -50.3836<1=b. Jump to step 7.
And 7: computingt=2t min =2 × 9.9945 = 19.9890 is the maximum inscribed cylinder diameter required.
In the above description, the present invention has been described by way of specific embodiments, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A fast, stable and simple method for evaluating the diameter of a maximum inscribed cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: obtaining a set of measurement pointsp i And according to ap i Establishing a characteristic line vector setA i Great, boundary element setb i Great Chinese character and state element sett i }, wherein:
i=1, 2, 3, …,N;ithe serial numbers of the measuring points are shown,Nthe total number of the measuring points is;
p i ={x i ,y i ,z i is the measurement pointiAnd the axis of the measured cylinder approaches the coordinate systemzThe central planes of the two bottom surfaces of the measured cylinder are close to the XOY plane of the coordinate system;
t i =all state elementst i Is a set of state elementst i };
A i =([x i ,y i , -y i z i ,x i z i ])/t i Is a feature row vector, all feature row vectorsA i Is a set of characteristic line vectorsA i };
b i =bIs a real number greater than 0, all boundary elementsb i Is a set of boundary elementsb i };
After the step 1 is finished, performing a step 2;
step 2: gett i Minimum valuet minCorresponding measuring pointp l1Is a key point and the serial number of the measuring point isl 1Joined to a set of key pointslIn (1) };
step 3 is carried out after step 2 is finished;
and step 3: according to the set of key pointslEstablishment of an analysis matrixAAnd analyzing the column vectorsbWherein:
A=[…,A j T, …,A k T, …]Tis aLA matrix of rows and 2 columns of,Lis a set of key pointslThe number of the elements in the (C),j,kis a set of key pointslThe elements in (1);
b=[…,b, …]Tis aLA column vector of rows;
step 4 is carried out after step 3 is finished;
and 4, step 4: for analysis matrixAAnd an augmented analysis matrixA,b]Performing rank analysis;
computingr A =rank(A),r Ab =rank([A,b]) And comparer A Andr Ab there are only two cases:
the first condition is as follows: if it is notr A =r Ab Then, the optimization should be continued, jumping to step 5;
case two: if it is notr A <r Ab Then, an attempt is made to determine from the analysis matrixAAnd analyzing the column vectorsbMiddle deleted key point setlOne of the elementslCorresponding rows, obtaining a reduced matrixA l- And reducing the column vectorb l- Solving a linear equationA l- v l- =b l- Solution of (2)v l- =v l-0 Then calculateb l- =A l v l-0 (ii) a If the set of keypoints is a greatlThe elements in (1) have all been tried and none have been obtainedb l- >bThen, the optimization should be ended, jumping to step 7; if the key point set is triedlElements in (b) }lWhen it is obtainedb l- >bThen, the matrix will be reducedA l- And reducing the column vectorb l- Respectively asAMatrix and analysis column vectorbWill elementlMoving out key point setlAnd jumping to the step 5; wherein,v l- =[v l-,1,v l-,2,v l-,3,v l-,4]T,v l-0 =[v l-0,1,v l-0,2,v l-0,3,v l-0,4]T;
and 5: solving linear equationsAv=bSolution of (2)v=v 0 Whereinv=[v 1,v 2,v 3,v 4]T,v 0 =[v 0,1,v 0,2,v 0,3,v 0,4]T;
step 6 is carried out after step 5 is finished;
step 6: computingv i =A i v 0 Then calculateτ i =(t i –t min)÷(b-v i ) (ii) a Getτ i Minimum value in the part of greater than zeroτ minCorresponding measuring pointp l2Is a new key point and the measured point is numberedl 2Joined to a set of key pointslIn (1) };
all will bet i Is updated tot i +τ min∙v i ,t minIs updated tot i Minimum value of (d);
finishing one-time optimization after the step 6 is finished, and performing the step 3;
and 7: computingt=2t min Is the desired maximum inscribed cylinder diameter.
2. A fast and simple method for assessing the diameter of a maximum inscribed cylinder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the general measurement data is usedp i * Obtaining the axis close to the coordinate system by conventional coordinate transformationzMeasuring point collection for axis and two bottom surface central planes of measured cylinder near XOY plane of coordinate systemp i }。
3. A fast and stable maximum inscribed cylinder diameter assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that said regular coordinate transformation is one, moving by the mean of the coordinates, or two, moving by the extreme values of the coordinates, or three, moving by the root mean square minimum principle of the coordinates.
4. A method for fast and stable assessment of maximum inscribed cylinder diameter according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 6, ifτ min∙v i Of single or several iterationsτ min∙v i Greater than a given thresholdqThen, the measuring points are collectedp i Is updated top i +τ min∙vOrp i +∑τ min∙vAnd updating the characteristic line vector set according to the formula in the step oneA i Great, boundary element setb i Great Chinese character and state element sett i }。
5. A fast and simple method of assessing the diameter of a maximum inscribed cylinder as claimed in claim 1,b=1。
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