CN108543898A - Ultrasonic wave added finish forge method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic-assisted precise forging method and device, relating to the field of forging, comprising an upper die, a lower die, an upper punch, a lower punch, an upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism and a lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism; the ultrasonic vibration device passes through the punch The through groove in the middle of the cushion cover and the template is fixedly connected with the punch. The horn transmits the amplified ultrasonic vibration to the punch, and the punch transmits the vibration to the blank. By changing the frequency, amplitude, vibration mode and impact of the ultrasonic vibration The shape and size of the head are suitable for precision forging of different products. The method and device greatly improve the plastic deformation ability of the metal, improve the metal filling, reduce the friction between the blank and the mold, and refine the grain structure. The roughness of the forming surface is reduced, the demoulding ability of the forging is improved, the applicability is wide, and the material utilization rate and product qualification rate are improved.

Description

Ultrasonic assisted precision forging method and device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of precision forging, in particular to a method and device for ultrasonic vibration-assisted precision forging.

Background technique

The forging industry has always been an important foundation for industries such as automobiles, mining, energy, construction, aerospace, and weapons. After the Second World War, with the development of modern mass production, various new cutting processes with little or no cutting emerged as the times require. In recent decades, the forging process has broken through the scope of blank production, and people can produce many forged and pressed parts that are close to finished products, with good surface quality, less machining allowance and high dimensional accuracy. Precision forging improves the utilization rate of materials, partially cancels or reduces the cutting process, makes the metal fibers continuously distributed along the product contour, increases the bearing capacity of the parts, and improves the overall performance.

Existing precision forging production technologies mainly include several processes such as hot precision forging, warm precision forging and cold precision forging. Forging, extrusion and other processes in the plastic forming method have disadvantages such as excessive deformation force, inaccurate part forming contour, poor metal filling, low mold life and difficult demoulding after forming.

Take the precision forging of gears as an example: the spiral tooth structure of the spiral bevel gear is special, and the arc tooth surface cannot be precisely forged in one step. The composite process of hot precision forging and cold precision shaping of the spiral bevel Precision forging, isothermal spheroidizing annealing, sand blasting, deburring and cold finishing process manufacturing, improve material utilization rate, improve product quality, but there are many processes, there is incomplete filling in the forging process, and there are forged products Difficulty in releasing the mold, and the local stress on the tooth profile finishing mold during the cold finishing shaping stage is relatively large, which reduces the life of the mold.

Spiral bevel gear precision forging manufacturing method (patent publication number CN102240774A) is to heat the material section to 1150-1180 ° C, then pier, punch, ring expansion, pre-forging, final forging, spheroidizing annealing treatment, surface sandblasting Cleaning, phosphating and saponification of the surface, and finally finishing the tooth profile at room temperature; this process has many procedures and high processing costs, and there is a phenomenon that the forging stress is too large to cause internal fracture of the workpiece. In the stage of finishing the tooth profile at room temperature, redundant The lateral flow of metal can easily damage the curved teeth on the mold or the curved teeth of the product, resulting in a very short life of the mold.

The gear temperature precision forging process method (patent publication number CN1799726A) heats the steel billet at a temperature between hot precision forging and cold precision forging. Under this temperature condition, the surface of the steel blank does not undergo decarburization except for a small amount of oxidation. There are few processes, and the overall manufacturing cost is low, but the precision, quality, mechanical strength, and service life of the forging die are also between hot precision forging and cold precision forging.

A gear hot precision forging process (patent publication number CN102764838A) using carburized steel 20CrMnTi as the material, adopts pier rough drawing, billet making, forging die, deburring, post-forging treatment (including quenching, quenching and tempering heat treatment, tooth surface heat treatment) Through the forging process of nitriding, surface quenching, normalizing, sandblasting to remove scale, surface acid treatment), and tooth shape cold finishing, this process simplifies the gear forging process, reduces the production process, and improves the use of molds However, there are problems such as excessive deformation force, inaccurate tooth profile and difficulty in demoulding after forming.

Zhuang Xincun of Shanghai Jiaotong University and others used ultrasonic-assisted compression tests on 1050 aluminum alloys and found that the degree of reduction of the forming force is proportional to the amplitude of the ultrasound, the friction between the workpiece and the mold is reduced, and the surface quality of the workpiece is improved. Zhang Yang designed an ultrasonic-pressure coupling device for extrusion casting of aluminum alloys. The research found that ultrasonic vibration and pressure coupling can reduce the grain size, increase the proportion of equiaxed grain structure, and the refinement degree of each sampling position is relatively uniform. North Carolina State University, Bunget et al. applied ultrasonic vibration to the micro-extrusion process, and developed an ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-extrusion experimental system, which can realize positive extrusion, front-cup extrusion and double-cup extrusion. The experimental results show that ultrasonic Vibration can greatly reduce the forming force, which is reduced by 18% in forward extrusion, 25% in front cup extrusion, and 23% in double cup extrusion; and can greatly improve the surface finish of the workpiece. V.C.Kumar and others studied the surface layer effect of ultrasonic vibration metal plastic forming, and found that applying ultrasonic vibration along the material forming direction or vertical direction can effectively reduce the friction between tools, and when the ultrasonic vibration is along the material forming direction, Shows the best friction reduction effect. In summary, adding ultrasonic vibration to metal plastic forming will improve the surface quality of the workpiece, reduce the friction between the tool and the mold, refine the grain size, reduce the forming force of the workpiece, and improve the surface finish of the workpiece.

Although many patents and technologies try to improve the quality of forgings and reduce production costs by optimizing the process, there are still problems such as excessive deformation force, inaccurate forming contours of parts, poor metal filling, low mold life and difficulty in demoulding after forming, etc. question. The invention assists by adding ultrasonic vibration in the precision forging process, which can reduce the contact friction coefficient between the blank and the mold; refine the microscopic grain structure of the metal fiber, so that the degree of grain refinement at each position of the workpiece is relatively uniform; Relieve or eliminate the stress concentration phenomenon in the severe deformation area of the tool, make the stress distribution more uniform, reduce the roughness of the forming surface of the workpiece; reduce or avoid defects such as cracks, cracks, scratches and other defects in the forging process of the workpiece.

Contents of the invention

According to the above problems, the present invention adds ultrasonic vibration to auxiliary forming during the precision forging process, so that the billet is placed in the ultrasonic vibration during the extrusion precision forging process, greatly reduces the deformation resistance of the metal, and reduces or avoids the appearance of the workpiece during the precision forging process. Cracks, cracks, scratches and other defects; reduce the contact friction coefficient between the blank and the mold, improve the filling of the metal, and make the forming profile of the part more accurate; ultrasonic vibration and pressure coupling can reduce the grain size and refine the metal The fiber microscopic grain structure reduces the roughness of the forming surface of the workpiece.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

Ultrasonic assisted precision forging method, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism is set on the conventional precision forging die, so that the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism passes through the upper punch pad sleeve, the through groove in the middle of the upper template and is fixedly connected with the upper punch, and the upper ultrasonic transducer connects the electric The signal is converted into mechanical vibration and transmitted to the upper ultrasonic horn. The upper ultrasonic horn transmits the amplified ultrasonic vibration to the upper punch, and the upper punch transmits the vibration to the billet, so that the upper punch that generates resonance transmits the ultrasonic The vibration is transmitted to the blank, and the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism is the same as the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism. Similarly, the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper punch through the lower punch pad sleeve and the through groove in the middle of the lower template, and the lower ultrasonic transducer will The electrical signal is converted into mechanical vibration and transmitted to the lower ultrasonic horn, and the lower ultrasonic horn transmits the amplified ultrasonic vibration to the lower punch, and the lower punch transmits the vibration to the blank, so that the resonant lower punch will Ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the billet;

By adjusting the amplitude, frequency and vibration mode of ultrasonic vibration, it is suitable for precision forging under different conditions; when the lower punch ejects the workpiece, the ultrasonic vibration can be turned on, which can reduce the bonding force between the forging and the mold, and improve the demoulding ability. Including the following steps:

Step S1: First, select the ultrasonic vibration frequency according to the material, shape complexity, size and forming temperature of the forging, adjust the ultrasonic vibration power, that is, adjust the ultrasonic vibration amplitude, and generate a suitable ultrasonic vibration mode by replacing the transducer or horn , the simulation calculates and designs the length of the punch as Wavelength, the natural frequency of the punch is the ultrasonic vibration frequency;

Step S2: Fix the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism to the upper punch and the lower punch respectively, and install them on the precision forging die, so that the upper punch and the lower punch pass through the upper die and the lower punch. Put the pre-processed blank into the mold through the slot opened on the die, the press works, the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism goes down, and the mold clamping starts;

Step S3: After the upper die and the lower die are closed, the clamping cylinder is locked, and at the same time, the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism connected to the upper punch and the lower punch are opened, the upper punch is further pressed down, and the lower punch The head is further pressed up to form the part and keep the pressure;

Step S4: Turn off the ultrasonic vibration on the upper punch and the lower punch, the upper die part goes up, and after the mold is opened, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism on the side of the lower punch is turned on, and the forging is pushed out through the lower punch.

Further, the frequency range of the ultrasonic generator during ultrasonic-assisted precision forging is 15KHz-80KHz; the range of ultrasonic amplitude is 5μm-80μm; the vibration modes used by ultrasonic waves in the precision forging process include radial vibration, longitudinal vibration, bending vibration, vibration, longitudinal-bending vibration or bending-torsional vibration.

Further, when the lower punch ejects the workpiece, the optional range of the ultrasonic vibration frequency set on the lower punch is 15KHz-50KHz; the ultrasonic amplitude range is 5μm-50μm; the ultrasonic vibration modes used include longitudinal vibration, bending vibration, longitudinal vibration, Torsional vibration, longitudinal bending vibration or bending torsional vibration.

Further, the length of upper punch and lower punch Among them, λ is the propagation wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in the punch material, c is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the punch material, and f is the ultrasonic frequency.

Further, during the forging process, ultrasonic vibration can be applied to one end face of the forging, and ultrasonic vibration can be applied to both end faces at the same time, and ultrasonic vibration can also be applied to a local area; the upper ultrasonic horn and the upper punch, lower The ultrasonic horn and the lower punch are connected by studs or directly contacted to transmit ultrasonic vibrations.

The device for the ultrasonic-assisted precision forging method includes an upper die, a lower die, an upper punch, a lower punch, an upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism and a lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism. When the die is closed, the upper die, the lower die and the upper The punch and the lower punch together form a closed mold cavity; the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism have the same structure and are symmetrically distributed up and down; the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes an upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate, an upper ultrasonic pressure plate, The upper ultrasonic horn, the upper ultrasonic transducer, the upper ultrasonic fixing plate and the upper pull rod; the upper end of the upper punch is threaded through the screw rod and the upper ultrasonic horn, and the lower end of the upper punch passes through the upper die when working , the lower end of the lower punch is connected with the lower ultrasonic horn bolt through the screw rod, and the upper end of the lower punch passes through the lower die when working.

Further, the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes a lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate, a lower ultrasonic pressing plate, a lower ultrasonic horn, a lower ultrasonic fixing plate, a lower ultrasonic transducer and a lower rod.

Further, in the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism, the upper end of the upper ultrasonic horn and the upper ultrasonic transducer are connected by threads, and the upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate and the upper ultrasonic pressure plate are pressed on the upper ultrasonic horn by hexagon socket screws On both sides of the flange, the upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate and the upper ultrasonic pressure plate are in contact with the flange of the upper ultrasonic horn, and there is a gap between the hole on the upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate and the cylindrical surface of the upper ultrasonic horn ; An upper tie rod is arranged between the upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate and the upper ultrasonic fixing plate.

Further, in the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism, the lower end of the lower ultrasonic horn and the lower ultrasonic transducer are connected through threads, and the lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate and the lower ultrasonic pressure plate are pressed on the lower end of the lower ultrasonic horn by hexagonal screws. On both sides of the flange, the lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate and the lower ultrasonic pressure plate are in contact with the flange of the lower ultrasonic horn. There is a gap between the hole on the lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate and the cylindrical surface of the lower ultrasonic horn. The lower ultrasonic A pull-down rod is arranged between the flange fixing plate and the lower ultrasonic fixing plate.

Further, the upper die, the lower die and the upper die and the lower die cover are installed through prestressing, and the upper die cover and the upper die backing plate are fixed on the upper punch pad cover after being connected by bolts, and the upper punch The cushion cover is pressed on the upper template through the upper die seat plate, the lower die cover and the lower die backing plate are fixed on the lower punch cushion cover after being connected by bolts, the lower punch cushion cover is pressed on the lower template through the lower die seat plate, and the upper die seat The plate and the lower mold seat plate are respectively fixed with the upper mold plate and the lower mold plate with bolts.

Beneficial effect:

1. When ultrasonic vibration is added in the precision forging process, stress waves are generated on the billet; when the ultrasonic stress wave propagates on the billet, the billet is under the action of alternating load; when the high-energy short-wave phonon propagates to the high-density dislocation in the deformation zone At grain boundaries, phonons are blocked by discontinuous structures, and phonons of various frequencies collide with atoms in these regions to generate new, higher-energy phonons whose energy is the sum of the energies of the colliding phonons. This energy and cause transitions in the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in these regions and reduce the blocking effect of these regions on plastic deformation, while increasing the local temperature. The characteristic of phonons selectively accumulating in the dislocation accumulation area inside the deformation zone makes the metal in the deformation zone exhibit extremely high plasticity and low deformation resistance. Under the synergistic action of the pressure load, the phonon energy will eventually be transformed into the plastic deformation energy of the material. The movement of particles inside the billet is intensified after absorbing the vibration energy, resulting in thermal softening related to dislocations, which causes the dynamic deformation resistance of the material to decrease. In addition, in addition to providing energy to improve the activity of atoms, the disturbance effect of vibration diversifies the internal stress direction of the material, making it easier to form new slip systems and increase the slip systems. Under the alternating action of static loads and vibration loads, those Plastic deformation mechanisms (slip, twinning, etc.) with pronounced diffusion properties are more likely to function. In precision forging, the real contact area depends on the normal force, which has a direct impact on the friction of the contact surface. After the high-frequency vibration is superimposed, the real contact area will fluctuate, resulting in a decrease in the average radial friction force. The reduction of interface friction caused by high-frequency vibration is related to the relative vibration on the interface. Relative vibration increases the relative velocity of the contact surface, resulting in friction decrease.

2. By controlling the amplitude, frequency and vibration mode of ultrasonic vibration, the blank is placed in ultrasonic vibration during the forging process, which improves the plastic deformation ability of the metal, greatly reduces the deformation resistance of the metal, and reduces the lateral pressure of the metal on the cavity. Reduce or avoid cracks, cracks, scratches and other defects in the forging process of the workpiece, and reduce the stability difference between different batches of products;

3. Reduce the contact friction coefficient between the blank and the mold, and enhance the flow performance of the metal in a certain direction or track by changing the ultrasonic vibration mode, improve the filling property of the metal, make the forming contour of the forging more accurate, and improve the forging Carrying capacity and service life;

4. Ultrasonic vibration and pressure coupling can reduce the grain size, refine the microscopic grain structure of metal fibers, and the refinement degree of each part is relatively uniform; it can alleviate or eliminate the stress concentration phenomenon in the severe deformation area of the tool, so that the stress distribution is more uniform , effectively improve the surface quality and reduce the roughness of the forming surface; turn on the ultrasonic vibration when the lower punch ejects the workpiece, which can reduce the bonding force between the workpiece and the mold and improve the demoulding ability;

5. It can be applied to precision forging of billets with different shapes, different sizes, different materials and different forming temperatures by changing the amplitude, frequency and vibration mode of ultrasonic vibration. Hot precision forging, warm precision forging, cold precision forging or ordinary forging; reduce the tonnage of precision forging presses, reduce mold requirements, increase the service life of precision forging molds, increase production efficiency, increase material utilization, and increase the qualified rate. Reduce energy consumption, reduce capital investment in production equipment and later repair and maintenance costs.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a diagram of an ultrasonic-assisted precision forging device;

Fig. 2 is a connection structure diagram of the ultrasonic horn in Fig. 1 and the flange fixing plate and the pressure plate;

3 is a schematic diagram of the stress-strain field of the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism;

Fig. 4 is the coupling schematic diagram of forging pressure and ultrasonic vibration;

Fig. 5 is a diagram of an ultrasonic-assisted ordinary forging device.

The reference signs are as follows:

1. Upper die set; 2. Upper die; 3. Upper die pad; 4. Upper punch pad; 5. Upper template; 6. Upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate; 7. Upper ultrasonic pressure plate; 8. Upper Ultrasonic horn; 9. Upper ultrasonic transducer; 10. Upper ultrasonic fixing plate; 11. Upper tie rod; 12. Upper punch; 13. Upper die seat plate; 14. Lower die seat plate; 15. Lower punch pad 16. Lower template; 17. Lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate; 18. Lower ultrasonic pressure plate; 19. Lower ultrasonic horn; 20. Lower ultrasonic fixing plate; 21. Lower ultrasonic transducer; 22. Lower rod; 23. Lower punch; 24. Lower die backing plate; 25. Lower die; 26. Lower die set; 27. Forging; 28. Flange fixing plate; Energy device; 32. Horn; 33. Fixed rod; 34. Tool head; 35. Upper mold; 36. Upper insert; 37. Lower mold; 38. Lower insert; 39. Ejector; 40. Ejector end tool head; 41. jack rod end horn; 42. ejector rod end transducer; 43. hexagon socket head cap screw.

Detailed ways

In order to express the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1 Ultrasonic vibration assisted precision forging, the ultrasonic assisted precision forging device, as shown in Figure 1, includes an upper die 2, a lower die 25, an upper punch 12, a lower punch 23, an upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism and a lower ultrasonic The vibration mechanism, the stress-strain field of the upper ultrasonic vibration system is schematically shown in Figure 3. The upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism is composed of an upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate 6, an upper ultrasonic pressure plate 7, an upper ultrasonic horn 8, and an upper ultrasonic transducer. The lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism consists of a lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate 17, a lower ultrasonic pressure plate 18, a lower ultrasonic horn 19, a lower ultrasonic fixing plate 20, and a lower ultrasonic transducer. The upper punch 12 is fixedly connected with the upper ultrasonic horn 8 through the screw rod, the lower end passes through the upper die 2 during operation, and the lower punch 23 is fixed through the screw rod and the lower ultrasonic horn 19 Connected, the upper end passes through the lower die 25 during work; when the die is closed, the upper and lower dies 2, 25, the upper punch 12 and the lower punch 23 form a closed die cavity.

Among them, the upper ultrasonic horn 8 and the upper ultrasonic transducer 9 are connected by threads, and the upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate 6 and the upper ultrasonic pressure plate 7 are pressed on both sides of the flange of the upper ultrasonic horn 8 by hexagonal socket screws. , the upper ultrasonic flange fixing plate 6 and the upper ultrasonic pressure plate 7 are only in contact with the flange of the upper ultrasonic horn 8, not with the cylindrical surface of the upper ultrasonic horn 8, as shown in Figure 2, the upper ultrasonic flange is fixed The plate 6 is connected with the upper ultrasonic fixing plate 10 through the upper pull rod 11, the nut; in the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism, the lower ultrasonic horn 19 and the lower ultrasonic transducer 21 are connected by threads, and the lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate 17 and the lower The ultrasonic pressure plate 18 is pressed on both sides of the flange plate of the lower ultrasonic horn 19 by means of hexagon socket head screws, the lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate 17 and the lower ultrasonic pressure plate 18 are only in contact with the flange of the lower ultrasonic horn 19, and are not in contact with the lower ultrasonic horn 19. The cylindrical surface of the ultrasonic horn 19 contacts, and the lower ultrasonic flange fixing plate 17 is connected with the lower ultrasonic fixing plate 20 through the lower rod 22, the nut; the upper and lower dies 2, 25 are connected with the upper and lower die sets 1, 26 is installed through prestressing, the upper die set 1 and the upper die backing plate 3 are fixed on the upper punching pad 4 after being connected by bolts, the upper punching pad 4 is pressed on the upper template 5 through the upper die seat plate 13, and the lower The die cover 26 and the lower die backing plate 24 are fixed on the lower punch backing cover 15 after being connected by bolts, the lower punch backing cover 15 is pressed on the lower template 16 through the lower die seat plate 14, the upper die seat plate 13, and the lower die seat plate 14 Fix with upper and lower templates 5 and 16 respectively with bolts.

First, according to the material, shape, size and forming temperature of a certain spiral bevel gear, select the ultrasonic vibration frequency as 20KHz, set the ultrasonic vibration power (adjust the ultrasonic vibration amplitude to 40μm), and select the sandwich type that tangentially polarizes the piezoelectric ceramic stack Longitudinal torsional ultrasonic transducer or choose the output end with spiral groove-exponential segment, the ultrasonic vibration mode is longitudinal torsional vibration;

Put the pre-treated blank into the mold, the press works, the upper mold part goes down, and the mold clamping starts;

After the upper and lower dies are closed, the clamping cylinder is locked, and at the same time, the upper and lower ultrasonic vibration mechanisms connected to the upper punch 12 and the lower punch 23 are opened, the upper punch 12 is further pressed down, and the lower punch 23 is further pressed up, forming Parts, holding pressure for 3 seconds;

Turn off the ultrasonic vibration on the upper punch 12 and the lower punch 23, and the upper die part goes up. After the mold is opened, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism on the side of the lower punch 23 is opened. The vibration time is 1 second, and the lower punch 23 moves upward to push the gear forging up out.

Embodiment 2 (ultrasonic vibration assisted ordinary forging, in conjunction with accompanying drawing 5)

The device for ultrasonic assisted ordinary forging is shown in accompanying drawing 5, is made up of press, forming die, ultrasonic vibration mechanism, ejector pin ejection mechanism, wherein forming die is made up of upper mold 35, lower mold 37, upper insert 36 and lower The upper insert 36 is connected with the tool head 34 through threads, and there is a certain gap between the upper insert 36 and the upper mold 35. The lower insert 38 and the lower mold 37 are fixedly connected by hexagon socket head screws 43, and the upper mold 35. The lower mold 37 is respectively fixed on the moving beam and the lower beam of the press; the ultrasonic vibration mechanism is composed of an ultrasonic generator, a transducer 31, a horn 32, a tool head 34 and a fixing device, and the tool head 34 passes through a screw rod and The horn 32 is fixedly connected, the horn 32 is fixedly connected with the transducer 31 through the screw, the flange fixing plate 28 and the pressure plate 30 are pressed on both sides of the flange of the horn 32 through the hexagon socket head cap screw 29, and the flange The fixing plate 28 and the pressing plate 30 are only in contact with the flange of the horn 32, and cannot be in contact with the cylindrical surface of the horn 32. The flange fixing plate 28 is fixedly connected with the upper die 35 through the fixing rod 33; The ejector rod 39, the ejector rod end tool head 40, the ejector rod end horn 42, and the ejector rod end transducer 41 are composed. The ejector rod 39 and the ejector rod end tool head 40 are connected by a screw, and the ejector rod end tool head 40 and the ejector rod end The horn 42 at the rod end is connected by a screw, and the horn 42 at the jack end and the transducer 41 at the jack end are connected by threads.

First, the billet is heated to the forging temperature, and rough punching is performed on the forging equipment, and then the hole is expanded and rolled on the hole reaming machine; the ultrasonic vibration frequency is selected as 20KHz according to the material, type, size and forming temperature of a certain gear forging. , set the ultrasonic vibration amplitude to 30 μm, select conventional piezoelectric ceramic transducers and conical horns for installation, and the ultrasonic vibration mode is longitudinal vibration; put the blank into the forging mold, turn on the press, and at the same time turn on the insert on the The ultrasonic vibration device starts to close the mold. After the mold is completely attached, keep it for 3 seconds to make the vibration transmission more sufficient. The coupling force between forging pressure and ultrasonic vibration is shown in Figure 3; turn off the ultrasonic vibration on the insert and open the mold; Turn on the ultrasonic vibration device on one side of the ejector rod for 2 seconds (the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 15KHz, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is 10μm, and the vibration mode is longitudinal vibration), the ejector rod ejects the forging, close the ultrasonic vibration device at the ejector rod end, and the ejector rod resets.

The described embodiment is a preferred implementation of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation, without departing from the essence of the present invention, any obvious improvement, replacement or modification that those skilled in the art can make Modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. ultrasonic wave added finish forge method, which is characterized in that the setting ultrasonic vibration mechanism on conventional finish forge mould makes ultrasound Vibrating mechanism rushes the intermediate straight slot of cushion cover (4), cope plate (5) on and is fixedly connected with upper punch (12), upper ultrasonic transducer (9) mechanical oscillation are converted the electrical signal to and pass to ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), upper ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) will be amplified super Acoustic vibration passes to upper punch (12), and vibration is passed to blank by upper punch (12) again, makes the upper punch (12) of generation resonance will Ultrasonic vibration passes to blank, and lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism is identical as upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism, likewise, Shi Xia ultrasonic vibrations mechanism The straight slot intermediate across undershoot cushion cover (15), lower template (16) is fixedly connected with low punch (23), and lower ultrasonic transducer (21) will Electric signal is converted into mechanical oscillation and passes to lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19), and lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19) shakes amplified ultrasound Dynamic to pass to low punch (23), vibration is passed to blank by low punch (23) again, makes the low punch (23) of generation resonance will be ultrasonic Vibration passes to blank；

By adjusting amplitude, frequency and the vibration mode of ultrasonic vibration, the precision forging being suitable under different condition；In low punch (23) ultrasonic vibration is opened when ejecting product, to reduce the binding force between forging and mold, improves removal, including as follows Step：

Step S1：Ultrasonic vibration frequency is selected according to material and shape complexity, size and forming temperature of forging etc. first Rate adjusts ultrasonic vibration power and adjusts amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, suitable ultrasound is generated by replacing energy converter or amplitude transformer Vibration mode, simulation calculation and the length for designing punch areThe intrinsic frequency of wavelength, punch is ultrasonic vibration frequency；

Step S2：Upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism, lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism are fixed with upper punch (12), low punch (23) respectively and connected It connects, and attaches it on finish forge mould, make upper punch (12), low punch (23) that upper cavity die (2), lower cavity die be passed through to be opened on (25) If straight slot, the blank that pre-processing is crossed is put into mold, forcing press work, upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism downlink starts to mold；

Step S3：After upper cavity die (2), lower cavity die (25) are closed, closing cylinder locking, while opening and upper punch (12), low punch (23) connected upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism, lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism, upper punch (12) further push, and low punch (23) is further Upper pressure, molded part, pressurize；

Step S4：Ultrasonic vibration on closing upper punch (12), low punch (23), upper cavity die (2) part uplink are opened after die sinking The ultrasonic vibration mechanism of low punch (23) side, by being about to forging ejection on low punch (23).

2. ultrasonic wave added finish forge method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ultrasonic wave occurs when ultrasonic wave added finish forge The ranging from 15KHz-80KHz of device frequency；Ranging from 5 μm -80 μm of ultrasonic amplitude；What ultrasonic wave used in precision forging process shakes Dynamic model formula has radial vibration, extensional vibration, bending vibration, longitrorse vibration, vertical bending vibration dynamic or Bending-Twist Vibrations.

3. ultrasonic wave added finish forge method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when low punch (23) ejects product, if The optional range for setting the ultrasonic vibration frequency on low punch (23) is 15KHz-50KHz；Ultrasonic amplitude ranging from 5 μm of -50 μ m；The ultrasonic vibrational mode of use has extensional vibration, bending vibration, longitrorse vibration, vertical bending vibration dynamic or Bending-Twist Vibrations.

4. ultrasonic wave added finish forge method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that upper punch (12), low punch (23) length DegreeWherein, λ is propagation wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in punch material, and c is ultrasonic wave in punch material Acoustic speed of propagation, f are ultrasonic frequency.

5. ultrasonic wave added finish forge method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that can be to forging side in forging process End face applies ultrasonic vibration, either applies ultrasonic vibration simultaneously to both sides of the face or localized region applies ultrasonic vibration；Institute Ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) and upper punch (12), lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19) and low punch (23) are stated using Stud connection or is adopted Ultrasonic vibration is transmitted with the form being in direct contact.

6. the device of ultrasonic wave added finish forge method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, including upper cavity die (2), lower cavity die (25), upper punch (12), low punch (23), upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism and lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism, which is characterized in that mold is closed When, the upper cavity die (2), lower cavity die (25) and upper punch (12) and low punch (23) form enclosed die cavity together；It is described super Acoustic vibration mechanism is identical with lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism structure, and distribution symmetrical above and below；The upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes upper super Sound flange fixed plate (6), upper ultrasonic pressing plate (7), upper ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), upper ultrasonic transducer (9), upper ultrasonic fixed plate (10) and upper connecting rod (11)；The upper end of the upper punch (12) is threadedly coupled by screw rod and upper ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), when work The lower end of upper punch (12) passes through upper cavity die (2), and the lower end of low punch (23) passes through screw rod and lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19) bolt Connection, the upper end of low punch (23) passes through lower cavity die (25) when work.

7. ultrasonic wave added finish forge device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that under the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes Ultrasonic flange fixed plate (17), lower ultrasonic pressing plate (18), lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19), lower ultrasonic fixed plate (20), lower ultrasound are changed It can device (21) and lower pull rod (22).

8. ultrasonic wave added finish forge device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the upper ultrasonic vibration mechanism, on The upper end of ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) and upper ultrasonic transducer (9) are connected through a screw thread, upper ultrasound flange fixed plate (6) and upper ultrasound Pressing plate (7) is pressed on the ring flange both sides of upper ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) by soket head cap screw, upper ultrasound flange fixed plate (6) and The flange contact of upper ultrasound pressing plate (7) and upper ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), the hole on upper ultrasound flange fixed plate (6) and upper ultrasound change There is gap between the cylindrical surface of width bar (8)；It is provided with pull-up between upper ultrasound flange fixed plate (6) and upper ultrasonic fixed plate (10) Bar (11).

9. ultrasonic wave added finish forge device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the lower ultrasonic vibration mechanism, under The lower end of ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19) and lower ultrasonic transducer (21) are connected through a screw thread, it is lower ultrasound flange fixed plate (17) and it is lower surpass Acoustic pressure plate (18) is pressed on the ring flange both sides of lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19), lower ultrasound flange fixed plate by soket head cap screw (17) and the flange contact of lower ultrasonic pressing plate (18) and lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19), the hole on lower ultrasound flange fixed plate (17) with There is gap on the cylindrical surface of lower ultrasonic amplitude transformer (19), is arranged between lower ultrasound flange fixed plate (17) and lower ultrasonic fixed plate (20) There is lower pull rod (22).

10. ultrasonic wave added finish forge device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the upper cavity die (2), lower cavity die (25) coordinated by prestressing force with upper cavity die (1), recessed die sleeve (26) and installed, fovea superior die sleeve (1), upper die plate (3) pass through spiral shell Tether to be fixed on after connecing and rush on cushion cover (4), on rush cushion cover (4) and be pressed on cope plate (5) by upper clamping plate (13), lower cavity die Set (26), lower mold backing plate (24) are fixed on after being bolted on undershoot cushion cover (15), and undershoot cushion cover (15) passes through lower die holder Plate (14) is pressed in lower template (16), upper clamping plate (13), lower die holder plate (14) with bolt respectively with cope plate (5), lower template (16) fixed.