CN108522535A - 一种用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药 - Google Patents
一种用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药 Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药,其由两种农药制剂混配而成,这两种农药制剂的有效成分分别为哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯;其中,哒螨灵与高效氯氟氰菊酯的重量比为1~10:1,最优增效比为4:1。本发明充分发挥了高效氯氟氰菊酯对害虫具有趋避、击倒及内吸和胃毒等多形式的毒杀作用,以及哒螨灵对害虫的强触杀作用和对卵具有一定的毒杀作用,哒螨灵与高效氯氟氰菊酯混配使用能快速高效地杀灭多种农业害虫,并且可以有效减少农药使用量和使用次数,降低生产防治成本,提高生产效益,同时减少了农药对农业生态环境的污染,具有显著的经济、社会和生态效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业病虫害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药。
背景技术
高效氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)又叫三氟氯氟氰菊酯、功夫菊酯,化学名称:3-(2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸α-氰基-3-苯氧苄基酯,分子式C23H19ClF3NO3,分子量449.85。高效氯氟氰菊酯能抑制昆虫神经轴突部位的传导,对昆虫具有趋避、击倒及毒杀的作用,杀虫谱广,活性较高,药效迅速,喷洒后耐雨水冲刷,但长期使用易对其产生抗性,对刺吸式口器的害虫及害螨有一定防效,作用机理与氰戊菊酯、氟氰菊酯相同。不同的是它对螨虫有较好的抑制作用,在螨类发生初期使用,可抑制螨类数量上升。
哒螨灵(pyridaben),又称速螨灵;哒螨酮,化学名称:2-叔丁基-5-(4-叔丁基苄硫基)-4-氯哒嗪-3-(2H)酮,分子式C19H25ClN2OS,分子量为364.9。哒螨灵为广谱、触杀性杀螨剂,可用于防治多种食植物性害螨。对螨的整个生长期即卵、幼螨、若螨和成螨都有很好的效果,对移动期的成螨同样有明显的速杀作用。该药不受温度变化的影响,无论早春或秋季使用,均可达到满意效果。
农业害虫种类繁多,农业害虫发生为害往往造成农作物产量损失、品质下降,造成经济损失,特别是一些为害严重的农业害虫往往会造成重大经济损失。其中有一些害虫由于具有特殊的生物学特性及活动规律的原因,生产上防治困难,使用大量化学农药却往往效果不佳。比如,黄条跳甲是目前十字花科蔬菜上极为难以有效控制的重大农业害虫之一,黄条跳甲以成虫和幼虫为害,成虫善跳跃,遇惊扰即跳到地面或田边水沟,随即又飞回叶上取食。晴天中午高温烈日时(尤其夏季)多隐藏在叶背或土缝处,早晚出来为害,咬食蔬菜叶片造成无数小孔,影响光合作用,严重时致整株菜苗枯死,还可加害留种株的嫩荚,影响留种;成虫产卵于泥土下的菜根上或其附近土粒上,孵化后的幼虫在土中为害菜根,蛀食根皮等,咬断须根,严重者造成植株地上部叶片萎蔫枯死。该虫除直接为害菜株外,还可传播细菌性软腐病和黑腐病,造成更大的危害。
由于黄条跳甲难于控制,为了保护蔬菜生产,广大菜农往往不断加大农药使用量,这种滥用化学农药的方式不符合可持续农业发展的要求,也对环境造成污染,甚至可造成蔬菜农药残留严重超标,导致食品安全事故。柑桔是我国南方重要的果树,具有重要的经济价值,柑桔红蜘蛛是柑桔果树最主要的害虫,长期大量使用化学农药进行防治,抗药性问题突出。因此,针对目前黄条跳甲、柑桔红蜘蛛等在生产上难于有效控制等问题,实施农药混配增效是有效控制黄条跳甲、柑桔红蜘等农业业害虫防治农药减量使用的重要技术措施之一。如何进行农药科学合理地混配使用是一个科学技术问题。目前情况下,农业生产者混配使用农药存在随意性大,缺乏科学理论依据,往往达不到增效的作用,还容易出现药害等问题。通过农药混配使用达到对害虫高效防治并实现农药减量使用的目的是本发明所要解决的首要技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药,通过将哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯进行复配后,对黄条跳甲、柑桔红蜘蛛等作物害虫的防治可达到混配增效的作用,有利于为实现农药减量使用及生态环境保护和食品安全。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药,由两种农药制剂混配而成,这两种农药制剂的有效成分分别为哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯;哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯的重量比为1~10:1,最优增效配比为4:1。
其中,以哒螨灵为有效成分的农药制剂的剂型为水乳剂EW、微乳剂ME、乳油EC。以高效氯氟氰菊酯为有效成分的农药制剂的剂型为水乳剂EW、微乳剂ME、乳油EC。
所述的农业害虫包括黄条跳甲、果树红蜘蛛、菜青虫、蚜虫、粉虱、红蜘蛛、潜叶蛾、尺蠖、茶毛虫、黄毛虫、茶小绿叶蝉、瘿螨中的一种或多种。
申请人经系统性试验研究,证明哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯桶混对蔬菜黄条跳甲、柑桔红蜘蛛等农业多种害虫具有显著的增效作用,可以应用于蔬菜、果树和茶树等多种作物多种害虫的防治。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果和优点在于:
(1)本发明的桶混农药增充分发挥了高效氯氟氰菊酯对害虫具有趋避、击倒及内吸和胃毒等多形式的毒杀作用,以及哒螨灵对害虫的强触杀作用和对卵具有一定的毒杀作用,哒螨灵与高效氯氟氰菊酯混配使用能快速高效地杀灭多种农业害虫,并且可以有效减少农药使用量和使用次数,降低生产防治成本,提高生产效益,同时减少了农药对农业生态环境的污染,具有显著的经济、社会和生态效益;
(2)本发明的桶混农药对黄条跳甲、柑桔红蜘蛛等农业害虫具有显著的增效作用,可有效提高田间防治效果,减少害虫为害造成的作物损失,也可以克服和延缓害虫抗药性的产生与发展;同时,其可减少农药使用量和使用次数,不仅降低了农业生产成本,也减少了农药对环境的污染,减少农作物农药残留的风险。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯混配的室内毒力测定
按照喷雾法测定哒螨灵、高效氯氟氰菊酯及其不同配比对黄条跳甲的毒力,试验昆虫染毒后48小时调查各处理试虫的死亡率,并计算校正死亡率,每处理重复4次,用几率值分析方法计算各药剂处理的致死中浓度LC50,按孙云沛方法计算药剂混配共毒系数CTC。
按孙云沛方法计算药剂毒力指数(TI)、混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)、混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)及混剂的共毒系数CTC值:①毒力指数(TI)=(标准药剂LC50/供试药剂LC50)×100;②混剂实测毒力指数(ATI)=(标准药剂LC50/混剂LC50)×100;③混剂理论毒力指数(TTI)=(A药剂的TI×混剂中A的%+ B药剂的TI×混剂中B的%);④混剂的共毒系数(CTC)=(ATI/TTI)×100。根据共毒系数CTC评价混剂的协同增效作用,若CTC≥120表示增效作用,CTC≤80表示拮抗作用,80<CTC<120表示相加作用。
哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯混配对蔬菜黄条跳甲的毒力测定结果如表1所示。由表1可见,混配药剂的共毒系数均大于120,表明哒螨灵与高效氯氟氰菊酯的比例在1~10:1范围内均对黄条跳甲具有显著的增效作用,其中,当哒螨灵与高效氯氟氰菊酯的配比为4:1时的共毒系数为176.76,增效作用最为显著。
表1 哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯不同配比对黄条跳甲的毒力测定结果
实施例2
两种农药制剂桶混使用稳定性
表2 两种农药不同制剂之间桶混使用的稳定性
注:“√”表示可桶混使用;“×”表示不可混用。
由表2可见,以高效氯氟氰菊酯为有效成分的水乳剂EW、微乳剂ME、乳油EC可与以哒螨灵为有效成分的水乳剂EW、微乳剂ME、乳油EC混配使用。
实施例3
哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯田间桶混对黄条跳甲的增效试验
选择哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯共毒系数最高的一组(配比4:1),然后按我国农业部农药田间药效试验准则,开展桶混农药对黄条跳甲的田间防治研究试验,根据处理区和对照区施药前后的害虫数量,计算虫口减退率和校正防效。
表3 哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯(4:1)田间桶混对黄条跳甲的田间防治效果
哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯田间桶混对黄条跳甲的防治效果如表3所示。由表3可见,桶混农药对黄条跳甲的防治效果达80%以上,显著高于各个单剂的防治效果。与单剂使用量相比,混剂的有效成分使用量显著降低,实现了减少农药使用并提高防治效果的目的。
实施例4
哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯田间桶混对柑桔红蜘蛛的增效作用
选择哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯共毒系数最高的一组(配比4:1),然后按我国农业部农药田间药效试验准则,开展桶混农药对柑桔红蜘蛛的田间防治研究试验,根据处理区和对照区施药前后的害虫数量,计算虫口减退率和校正防效。
表4 哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯(4:1)田间桶混对柑桔红蜘蛛的田间防治效果
哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯田间桶混对柑桔红蜘蛛的防治效果如表4所示。由表4可见,桶混农药对柑桔红蜘蛛的防治效果达88%以上,显著高于各个单剂的防治效果。与单剂使用量相比,混剂的有效成分使用量显著降低,实现了减少农药使用并提高防治效果的目的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药,其特征在于:由哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯按重量比为1~10:1混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药,其特征在于:由哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯按重量比为4:1混合而成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药,其特征在于:所述的农业害虫包括黄条跳甲、果树红蜘蛛、菜青虫、蚜虫、粉虱、红蜘蛛、潜叶蛾、尺蠖、茶毛虫、黄毛虫、茶小绿叶蝉、瘿螨中的一种或多种。
4.一种制备如权利要求1或2所述的用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药的方法,其特征在于:取以哒螨灵为有效成分的农药制剂和以高效氯氟氰菊酯为有效成分的农药制剂,根据农药制剂中哒螨灵、高效氯氟氰菊酯的含量,以及桶混农药中哒螨灵、高效氯氟氰菊酯的重量比,计算出两种农药制剂的使用量,混合,制成桶混农药。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备用于田间防治农业害虫的桶混农药的方法,其特征在于:所述的农药制剂的剂型为水乳剂EW、微乳剂ME和乳油EC中的一种。
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