CN108493964A - Mixed type three-phase load unbalance automatic regulating apparatus - Google Patents
Mixed type three-phase load unbalance automatic regulating apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置，属于配电系统三相负荷调节技术领域，解决了配电线路负荷不平衡的技术问题；本发明包括主控制器、三相智能调平模块、补偿电容、散热系统、无线模块、显示模块、互感器模块、外围开关和保护模块；主控制器负责整个混合补偿的机制以及各模块的配合运行；三相智能调平模块实现三相负荷的线性转换，提高功率因素，稳定电压等主要功能；补偿电容实现有功无功的阶跃式补偿；散热系统实现装置内部散热；无线模块实现装置自组网功能；显示模块实现显示电流、电压值；互感器模块负责采集电流信号；外围开关实现对强电，电和电容的控制；保护模块分防雷模块和电流保护模块线成，保护整机的稳定运行。
The hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention belongs to the technical field of power distribution system three-phase load adjustment, and solves the technical problem of distribution line load unbalance; the present invention includes a main controller, a three-phase intelligent leveling module, Compensation capacitor, heat dissipation system, wireless module, display module, transformer module, peripheral switch and protection module; the main controller is responsible for the entire hybrid compensation mechanism and the cooperative operation of each module; the three-phase intelligent leveling module realizes the linearity of the three-phase load Main functions such as conversion, improving power factor, and stabilizing voltage; compensation capacitor realizes step compensation of active and reactive power; heat dissipation system realizes internal heat dissipation of the device; wireless module realizes device self-organizing network function; display module realizes displaying current and voltage values; mutual inductance The detector module is responsible for collecting current signals; the peripheral switch realizes the control of strong electricity, electricity and capacitance; the protection module is divided into a lightning protection module and a current protection module to protect the stable operation of the whole machine.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于配电系统三相负荷调节技术领域，具体涉及一种混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of three-phase load adjustment of power distribution system, and in particular relates to a hybrid automatic adjustment device for three-phase load unbalance.
背景技术Background technique
在中、低压配电网系统中，存在大量单相、不对称、非线性、冲击性负荷，由于早期电网设计规划的不周，会出现大量单相负荷集中在一相或两相的情况，这些不均衡负荷会使配电系统产生三相不平衡，导致供电系统三相电压、电流的不平衡。In the medium and low voltage distribution network system, there are a large number of single-phase, asymmetrical, nonlinear, and impact loads. Due to the poor design and planning of the early power grid, a large number of single-phase loads will be concentrated in one or two phases. These unbalanced loads will cause three-phase unbalance in the power distribution system, resulting in unbalanced three-phase voltage and current in the power supply system.
我国在三相不平衡治理方面起步比较晚，特别是在配电自动化技术应用方面，许多电力公司都采取以下措施：加粗分支线单相线的线径，降低线路损耗，改善用电质量；采用在支线处安装单相提升变压器或采用缩短供电半径的方法来解决问题；直接对原有主变压器进行增容；在变压器下端安装无功补偿箱或综合配电箱；人工手动投切法等。这些方式尽管是耗费了大量的人力物力，但都不能从根本解决三相负荷不平衡问题,对电能质量的治理收效甚微。my country started relatively late in the treatment of three-phase imbalance, especially in the application of distribution automation technology. Many power companies have taken the following measures: thicken the diameter of the single-phase line of the branch line, reduce line loss, and improve the quality of power consumption; Solve the problem by installing a single-phase lifting transformer at the branch line or shortening the power supply radius; directly increase the capacity of the original main transformer; install a reactive power compensation box or a comprehensive distribution box at the lower end of the transformer; manual switching method, etc. . Although these methods consume a lot of manpower and material resources, they cannot fundamentally solve the problem of unbalanced three-phase loads, and have little effect on the control of power quality.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的主要目的是一种混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置，解决配电线路负荷不平衡的技术问题。The main purpose of the invention is a hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device to solve the technical problem of unbalanced load of power distribution lines.
为解决上述技术问题本发明提供以下技术方案：For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置包括主控制器、三相智能调平模块、补偿电容、散热系统、无线模块、显示屏、指示灯、温度控制器、互感器模块、外围开关、保护模块、接线端子、零排接线端子；The hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention includes a main controller, a three-phase intelligent leveling module, a compensation capacitor, a heat dissipation system, a wireless module, a display screen, an indicator light, a temperature controller, a transformer module, a peripheral switch, Protection modules, terminal blocks, and zero row terminal blocks;
主控制器为智能控制器；三相智能调平模块包括电力电子器件、大功率IGBT和DSP模块；DSP模块有多个RAM存取单元，实现数据多重数据备份；通过操作显示屏，实现对DSP功能的配置；The main controller is an intelligent controller; the three-phase intelligent leveling module includes power electronic devices, high-power IGBT and DSP module; the DSP module has multiple RAM access units to realize multiple data backup of data; through the operation display screen, the DSP configuration of functions;
补偿电容为Kvar级的电容器；散热系统包括温度控器和风扇；外围开关包括断路器、三相空开、单相空开和电容投切开关；保护模块包括防雷模块和电流保护模块；互感器模块包括电流互感器和互感器接线排；无线模块为LORA模块，负责无线数据传输；The compensation capacitance is a Kvar-level capacitor; the heat dissipation system includes a temperature controller and a fan; the peripheral switch includes a circuit breaker, a three-phase circuit breaker, a single-phase circuit breaker, and a capacitor switching switch; the protection module includes a lightning protection module and a current protection module; mutual inductance The sensor module includes a current transformer and a transformer terminal block; the wireless module is a LORA module, which is responsible for wireless data transmission;
主控制器贯通各个模块，用于整个设备的控制与运行；显示屏用于显示各项电流值、电压值、平衡信息、故障信息和功率因素；温度控制器通过导线与风扇连接，温度控制器通过RS485将信息传送到主控器；三相电源A、B、C均通过断路器接入电源，零线接到零排接线端子；电流互感器分三相三组接到互感器接线排；The main controller runs through each module and is used for the control and operation of the entire device; the display screen is used to display various current values, voltage values, balance information, fault information and power factors; the temperature controller is connected to the fan through wires, and the temperature controller The information is transmitted to the main controller through RS485; the three-phase power supply A, B, and C are all connected to the power supply through the circuit breaker, and the neutral line is connected to the terminal block of the zero row; the current transformer is divided into three phases and three groups and connected to the transformer terminal block;
每个三相空开用于控制对应的三相型电容投切开关以及三相调平模块的电源开与关，当瞬时大电流触发时起到保护作用；每个单相空开用于控制对应的单相型电容投切开关；三相智能调平模块与主控器相连，通过网口传送信息，实现有源功率补偿，最后达到负荷平衡效果；避雷器安装在电源入口处，对整个设备的运行起到防雷作用。Each three-phase circuit breaker is used to control the corresponding three-phase capacitor switching switch and the power on and off of the three-phase leveling module, which plays a protective role when the instantaneous large current is triggered; each single-phase circuit breaker is used to control The corresponding single-phase capacitor switching switch; the three-phase intelligent leveling module is connected to the main controller, and transmits information through the network port to realize active power compensation, and finally achieve the load balancing effect; The operation plays the role of lightning protection.
三相智能调平模块采用电压型PWM波变流电路结构，IGBT功率变换模块电路采用三电平拓扑结构。The three-phase intelligent leveling module adopts a voltage-type PWM wave conversion circuit structure, and the IGBT power conversion module circuit adopts a three-level topology.
本发明的工作原理：主控制器负责整个混合补偿(有功无功)的机制以及各模块的配合运行；三相智能调平模块实现三相负荷的线性转换，提高功率因素，稳定电压等主要功能；补偿电容实现有功无功的阶跃式补偿；散热系统实现装置内部散热；无线模块实现装置自组网功能；显示屏实现显示电流、电压值；互感器模块负责采集电流信号；外围开关实现对三相智能调平模块和电容的控制；保护模块分防雷模块和电流保护模块线成，保护整机的稳定运行。The working principle of the present invention: the main controller is responsible for the entire mixed compensation (active and reactive power) mechanism and the coordinated operation of each module; the three-phase intelligent leveling module realizes the linear conversion of three-phase loads, improves power factor, stabilizes voltage and other main functions The compensation capacitor realizes the step compensation of active and reactive power; the heat dissipation system realizes the heat dissipation inside the device; the wireless module realizes the self-organizing network function of the device; the display screen realizes the display of current and voltage values; Three-phase intelligent leveling module and capacitor control; the protection module is divided into a lightning protection module and a current protection module to protect the stable operation of the whole machine.
本发明的工作流程：三项智能调平模块采用电压型PWM波变流电路结构，IGBT功率变换模块电路采用三电平拓扑结构，逆变输出电压波形更接近于正弦波，变流效率提高；The working process of the present invention: the three intelligent leveling modules adopt a voltage-type PWM wave converter circuit structure, and the IGBT power conversion module circuit adopts a three-level topology structure, the inverter output voltage waveform is closer to a sine wave, and the converter efficiency is improved;
本装置在上电瞬间就能根据AD采样电路的交流采样分析出三相间的负荷不平衡情况，DSP运算出需要补偿的电流值和相位，由FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)信号发生器发出PWM信号给IGBT驱动，由三相智能调平模块产生一个满足要求的电流信号送入到系统中，实现混合型三相负荷平衡调节、动态无功补偿、谐波治理功能要求。The device can analyze the load imbalance between the three phases according to the AC sampling of the AD sampling circuit at the moment of power-on, and the DSP calculates the current value and phase to be compensated, and the FPGA (field programmable gate array) signal generator sends out PWM The signal is driven by the IGBT, and a current signal that meets the requirements is generated by the three-phase intelligent leveling module and sent to the system to realize the functional requirements of hybrid three-phase load balance adjustment, dynamic reactive power compensation, and harmonic control.
本发明实现的功能：无源电容相间补偿、有源电容相间补偿和智能混合型补偿；Functions realized by the present invention: phase-to-phase compensation of passive capacitance, phase-to-phase compensation of active capacitance and intelligent hybrid compensation;
无源电容相间补偿：由主控制器、补偿电容模块、电容投切开关来实现；通过主控制控制电容投切开关在线路相间搭接电容器，利用王氏定律并通过补偿电容模块补偿相间无功，来转移有功功率。投入时以功率因数为主要判据，再结合相间有功功率的差额，优先投入相间有功功率差额大的电容。Phase-to-phase compensation of passive capacitors: realized by the main controller, compensation capacitor module, and capacitor switching switch; the capacitor switching switch is controlled by the main control to connect capacitors between phases of the line, and the phase-to-phase reactive power is compensated by the compensation capacitor module using Wang's law , to transfer active power. The power factor is used as the main criterion for input, combined with the difference in active power between phases, the capacitor with a large difference in active power between phases is given priority.
有源电容相间补偿：由主控制器以及三相智能调平模块来实现；具体原理为：系统运行时，通过电流互感器(CT)实时检测系统电流，然后将CT采集到的电流信息发给主控制器进行处理，经过主控制器分析之后，三相智能调平模块就会发现系统的电流不平衡状态，同时通过双DSP算法计算出三相电流达到平衡状态所需转换的电流值，通过PWM控制IGBT开关，将电流分发到不平衡相，最终实现三相电流的平衡。Active capacitance interphase compensation: realized by the main controller and three-phase intelligent leveling module; the specific principle is: when the system is running, the system current is detected in real time through the current transformer (CT), and then the current information collected by the CT is sent to The main controller processes it, and after the analysis by the main controller, the three-phase intelligent leveling module will find the current unbalanced state of the system. PWM controls the IGBT switch, distributes the current to the unbalanced phase, and finally realizes the balance of the three-phase current.
智能混合型补偿：由主控制器、三相智能调平模块、补偿电容模块、电容投切开关来实现；结合无源电容相间补偿以及有源电容相间补偿的功能，当出现不平衡电流过大时，优先启动无源电容相间补偿，然后再根据差值启动有源电容相间补偿，最后达到所需的电流补偿值，两者互补，大大提升系统的平衡响应速度，最终实现三相负荷平衡。Intelligent hybrid compensation: It is realized by the main controller, three-phase intelligent leveling module, compensation capacitor module, and capacitor switching switch; combined with the functions of passive capacitor phase-to-phase compensation and active capacitor phase-to-phase compensation, when the unbalanced current is too large At this time, the passive capacitor phase-to-phase compensation is first started, and then the active capacitor phase-to-phase compensation is started according to the difference, and finally the required current compensation value is reached. The two complement each other, greatly improving the balance response speed of the system, and finally achieving three-phase load balance.
本发明的有益技术效果：本专利以现代电力电子技术、动态无功补偿技术等多种技术为理论基础研发的新型配网智能化补偿装置；采用基于DSP+FPGA全数字控制系统，保证了PWM脉冲波形的实现精度、可靠性，减少了系统因软件运行死机产生过电压、过电流事故的概率；解决了配电线路负荷不平衡问题、低电压治理问题，对末端电负荷实现就地自动补偿及调节功能，最终达到三相负荷平衡的目的，从而提升了电能质量。Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: This patent is a new distribution network intelligent compensation device developed on the basis of modern power electronics technology, dynamic reactive power compensation technology and other technologies; it adopts a full digital control system based on DSP+FPGA to ensure PWM The accuracy and reliability of the pulse waveform reduce the probability of overvoltage and overcurrent accidents caused by the system crashing due to software operation; solve the problem of unbalanced distribution line load and low voltage management, and realize local automatic compensation for the terminal electric load And adjustment function, finally achieve the purpose of three-phase load balance, thereby improving the power quality.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置的前视图的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the front view of the hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention;
图2为本发明的混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置的后视图的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the rear view of the hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention;
图3为本发明的混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置的关系连接示意图；Fig. 3 is the relational connection schematic diagram of the hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention;
图4为本发明的混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置的系统组成示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of the system composition of the hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention;
图5为本发明的混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置的电路结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention.
图6为本发明的混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置的工作流程图。Fig. 6 is a working flow chart of the hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步阐述。The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见附图1-5，本发明混合型三相负荷不平衡自动调整装置包括主控制器、三相智能调平模块、补偿电容、散热系统、无线模块、显示屏、指示灯、温度控制器、互感器模块、外围开关、保护模块、接线端子、零排接线端子；Referring to the accompanying drawings 1-5, the hybrid three-phase load unbalance automatic adjustment device of the present invention includes a main controller, a three-phase intelligent leveling module, a compensation capacitor, a heat dissipation system, a wireless module, a display screen, an indicator light, a temperature controller, Transformer module, peripheral switch, protection module, terminal block, zero row terminal block;
主控制器为智能控制器；三相智能调平模块包括电力电子器件、大功率IGBT和DSP模块；DSP模块有多个RAM存取单元，实现数据多重数据备份；DSP显示控制、液晶显示及控制面板主要是实现对DSP可视化控制，通过操作显示屏，实现对DSP功能的配置；The main controller is an intelligent controller; the three-phase intelligent leveling module includes power electronic devices, high-power IGBT and DSP module; the DSP module has multiple RAM access units to realize multiple data backup; DSP display control, liquid crystal display and control The panel is mainly to realize the visual control of DSP, and realize the configuration of DSP functions by operating the display screen;
补偿电容为Kvar级的电容器；散热系统包括温度控器和风扇；外围开关包括断路器、三相空开、单相空开和电容投切开关；保护模块包括防雷模块和电流保护模块；互感器模块包括电流互感器和互感器接线排；无线模块为LORA模块，负责无线数据传输；The compensation capacitance is a Kvar-level capacitor; the heat dissipation system includes a temperature controller and a fan; the peripheral switch includes a circuit breaker, a three-phase circuit breaker, a single-phase circuit breaker, and a capacitor switching switch; the protection module includes a lightning protection module and a current protection module; mutual inductance The sensor module includes a current transformer and a transformer terminal block; the wireless module is a LORA module, which is responsible for wireless data transmission;
主模块器贯通各个模块，用于整个设备的控制与运行；显示屏用于显示各项电流值、电压值、平衡信息、故障信息和功率因素；温度控制器通过导线与风扇连接，温度控制器通过RS485将信息传送到主控器；三相电源A、B、C均通过断路器接入电源，零线接到零排接线端子；电流互感器分三相三组接到互感器接线排；The main module runs through each module and is used for the control and operation of the entire device; the display screen is used to display various current values, voltage values, balance information, fault information and power factors; the temperature controller is connected to the fan through wires, and the temperature controller The information is transmitted to the main controller through RS485; the three-phase power supply A, B, and C are all connected to the power supply through the circuit breaker, and the neutral line is connected to the terminal block of the zero row; the current transformer is divided into three phases and three groups and connected to the transformer terminal block;
每个三相空开用于控制对应的三相型电容投切开关以及三相调平模块的电源开与关，当瞬时大电流触发时起到保护作用；每个单相空开用于控制对应的单相型电容投切开关；三相智能调平模块与主控器相连，通过网口传送信息，实现有源功率补偿，最后达到负荷平衡效果；避雷器安装在电源入口处，对整个设备的运行起到防雷作用。Each three-phase circuit breaker is used to control the corresponding three-phase capacitor switching switch and the power on and off of the three-phase leveling module, which plays a protective role when the instantaneous large current is triggered; each single-phase circuit breaker is used to control The corresponding single-phase capacitor switching switch; the three-phase intelligent leveling module is connected to the main controller, and transmits information through the network port to realize active power compensation, and finally achieve the load balancing effect; The operation plays the role of lightning protection.
三相智能调平模块采用电压型PWM波变流电路结构，IGBT功率变换模块电路采用三电平拓扑结构。The three-phase intelligent leveling module adopts a voltage-type PWM wave conversion circuit structure, and the IGBT power conversion module circuit adopts a three-level topology.
参见附图6，假设A、B、C三相负载电流分别为：5A、10A,和15A，此时系统的三相电流出现了不平衡，三相电流完全平衡的状态应该是A、B、C三相电流全部为10A；See Figure 6, assuming that the three-phase load currents of A, B, and C are respectively: 5A, 10A, and 15A. At this time, the three-phase current of the system is unbalanced, and the state of complete balance of the three-phase current should be A, B, and C three-phase current is all 10A;
PLAI在运行时，会通过电流互感器(CT)实时检测系统电流，然后将CT采集到的电流信息发给内部控制器进行处理，经过控制器分析之后，PLAI就会发现系统的电流不平衡状态，同时通过双DSP算法计算出三相电流达到平衡状态所需转换的电流值，A相电流达到平衡状态则需要增加5A的电流，B相电流正好为10A无需调整，C相电流达到平衡状态则需要减少5A的电流，计算完成之后，控制器通过IGBT驱动电路来驱动IGBT动作，从而使得电流从系统C相流入PLAI 5A电流，并从PLAI内部流出5A电流到系统A相，从而使得A、B、C三相电流全部重新分配为10A，而系统的三相总电流保持不变。When PLAI is running, it will detect the system current in real time through the current transformer (CT), and then send the current information collected by CT to the internal controller for processing. After the analysis by the controller, PLAI will find the current imbalance state of the system At the same time, the current value of the three-phase current that needs to be converted to achieve a balanced state is calculated by the dual DSP algorithm. When the A-phase current reaches a balanced state, it needs to increase the current of 5A. The B-phase current is exactly 10A without adjustment. When the C-phase current reaches a balanced state, then It is necessary to reduce the current of 5A. After the calculation is completed, the controller drives the IGBT action through the IGBT drive circuit, so that the current flows from the system phase C to the PLAI 5A current, and the 5A current flows from the PLAI to the system A phase, so that A and B , C three-phase current is all redistributed to 10A, while the total three-phase current of the system remains unchanged.
这一系列的计算及控制动作都是在很短的时间内完成的，并且，在这一过程中PLAI只是起到一个重新分流的作用，只需消耗很小一部分的能量(如风扇运转、控制器件的能量消耗、开关器件的能量消耗)。与通常我们所说的电流值的大小是电流有效值一样，PLAI分流电流的大小在一定时间内的有效值。而实际上PLAI补偿三相不平衡时开关器件的动作都是瞬时的。在某一个瞬时，C相的IGBT动作，将C相的交流电整流为直流电之后储存在PLAI内部的母线电容中。而在另一个瞬时，A相的IGBT动作，装PLAI内部的母线电容(A、B、C公用同一组母线电容)上的直流电进行逆变，然后释放到系统A相上。This series of calculation and control actions are completed in a very short period of time, and in this process, PLAI only plays a role of re-distributing, and only needs to consume a small part of energy (such as fan operation, control device energy consumption, switching device energy consumption). As we usually say that the magnitude of the current value is the effective value of the current, the magnitude of the PLAI shunt current is the effective value within a certain period of time. In fact, when PLAI compensates for three-phase unbalance, the actions of switching devices are all instantaneous. At a certain moment, the IGBT of phase C operates to rectify the alternating current of phase C into direct current and store it in the bus capacitor inside PLAI. At another moment, the IGBT of phase A operates, and the DC on the bus capacitors inside PLAI (A, B, and C share the same group of bus capacitors) is inverted and released to phase A of the system.
PLAI的动作是瞬时的，而在某一段时间内其收发电流的有效值却是平衡的，因此可以将其动作的结果理解为分流作用，使得系统三相电流的有效值达到一个平衡状态。The action of PLAI is instantaneous, but the effective value of its receiving and receiving current is balanced within a certain period of time, so the result of its action can be understood as a shunt effect, so that the effective value of the three-phase current of the system reaches a balanced state.
当系统三相电流都偏离平衡点时，补偿原理与以上所述的两相偏离平衡点的状况类似。其根本原则就是将某相多出来的电流存储到PLAI母线电容中，然后从母线电容取出电流补偿需要补偿的某相。When the three-phase currents of the system deviate from the balance point, the compensation principle is similar to the above-mentioned situation where the two phases deviate from the balance point. The basic principle is to store the excess current of a certain phase in the PLAI bus capacitor, and then take out a certain phase that needs to be compensated for current compensation from the bus capacitor.
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