CN108483678A - A kind of biological zymophore and laying method for riverbed Water Ecological Recovery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a kind of biological zymophore and laying method for riverbed Water Ecological Recovery, which includes the biological zymophore for carrying biological enzyme.The biological zymophore includes the mesh skeleton of high polymer fiber resin material, the nanometer filamentous carrier for carrying biological enzyme being strapped on mesh skeleton, the biological zymophore is supported by the first metalling being laid on riverbed, and also segmentation is laid with the second metalling on the biological zymophore.The laying method discloses the specific laying method of the carrier.Biological enzyme carrier arrangement of the present invention has installation simple, strong operability, can modularization implement the features such as, the laying method of metalling increases the degree of roughness in riverbed, rubble gap provides living space for zoobenthos and microorganism, the stability for being conducive to maintain the ecosystem, is suitable for the rain source property river that channel gradient is big, water velocity is fast.

Description

A biological enzyme carrier and laying method for ecological restoration of riverbed water

technical field

The invention relates to the technical fields of environmental management and water ecological restoration, in particular to a biological enzyme carrier and laying method for riverbed water ecological restoration.

Background technique

River bed ecological restoration mainly includes the control of sediment pollution and the construction of ecological system environment. Bottom pollution and sediment resuspension are one of the important reasons for the formation of black and odorous rivers in cities. Resuspension, and then under a series of physical-chemical-biological comprehensive effects, the pollutants adsorbed on the sediment particles are exchanged with the pore water, thereby releasing pollutants to the water body, and a large number of suspended particles float in the water, causing the water body to turn black. Smelly. In addition, a large amount of sediment can also provide a good growth environment for microorganisms in the water body. Actinomycetes and cyanobacteria can methanize and denitrify the sediment through metabolism, causing the sediment to float up and the water to be black and smelly. The restoration of black and odorous rivers is an important part of environmental governance. Biological treatment methods are relatively common. The biological treatment process mainly depends on the metabolism of active microorganisms. The decomposition and transformation of pollutants in wastewater by microorganisms is essentially biological. A series of complex biochemical reaction processes under the catalysis of enzymes.

Biological enzyme is a kind of protein with moderate biomass. Due to its high catalytic efficiency, good selectivity, and reusability, it is widely used in the fields of environmental protection, food, and medicine. In order to efficiently apply biological enzymes, immobilizing them on carriers is a prerequisite for efficient sewage treatment. The performance of the immobilized biological enzyme mainly depends on the immobilization method and the carrier material used, wherein the performance of the carrier material directly affects the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme. The immobilization of enzymes has high requirements on the carrier material. The ideal carrier material should have good mechanical strength, thermal stability and chemical stability, resistance to biodegradation and high affinity for enzymes, and can maintain a high enzyme activity, etc. At present, the commonly used biological enzyme carriers in the market are rigid and flexible, and the carrier materials include cellulose, chitosan, hydrogel, and animal hair. However, when these carriers immobilize biological enzymes, either the mechanical strength is not enough to cause the separation of the biological enzymes or the carrier is broken, resulting in low efficiency, and even secondary pollution due to the broken and lost carrier; or the affinity and chemical properties of the enzymes are not stable enough, affecting The activity and use effect of biological enzymes. Therefore, designing, inventing, and preparing carrier materials with better performance have become one of the focuses in the research of immobilized biological enzymes.

On the other hand, in the application of biological enzyme carriers in river channel restoration, there are problems such as serious loss due to river erosion, difficulty in establishing an ecosystem after silt coverage, and difficulty in attaching and growing microorganisms due to the lack of river bed habitat, which restricts the use of biological enzyme carriers in river channel ecological restoration. in the application.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a biological enzyme carrier and laying method for ecological restoration of riverbed water in view of the characteristics of ecological restoration of black and odorous water bodies.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a biological enzyme carrier for ecological restoration of river bed water, including the biological enzyme carrier carrying biological enzyme. The biological enzyme carrier includes a network skeleton of polymer fiber resin material, and a nano-filament carrier bound on the network skeleton for carrying biological enzymes. The biological enzyme carrier is composed of The first crushed stone layer is supported, and the second crushed stone layer is laid in sections on the biological enzyme carrier.

Further, in the above-mentioned biological enzyme carrier for ecological restoration of river bed water: the grid size of the mesh skeleton is: m×n, and the nano-filament carrier is bound to the mesh of the mesh skeleton The range of m and n is between 5-20cm at the intersection of mesh wires.

Further, in the above-mentioned bio-enzyme carrier for riverbed water ecological restoration: the nano-filament carrier is a thread-like material twisted with nanofibers, and the length of the nanofibers is 10-20 cm.

Further, in the above-mentioned biological enzyme carrier used for ecological restoration of river bed water: the nano-filament carrier is a filament formed by adding carbon nanofibers to high molecular polymers and twisting them using electrospinning technology .

Further, in the above-mentioned bio-enzyme carrier used for ecological restoration of river bed water: the thickness of the first crushed stone layer is 10-20cm, and the particle size of the crushed stone is 3-5cm; the second crushed stone layer is segmented The interval is 3~5m, the layer thickness is 5~10cm, and the gravel particle size is 5~10cm.

The present invention also provides a method for laying biological enzyme carriers used for riverbed water ecological restoration, comprising the following steps:

Step 1.1, adopting high-strength polyethylene material to construct a network resin skeleton;

Step 1.2, using high molecular polymers as raw materials, using electrospinning technology to knit nano-filament carriers, and adding carbon nanofibers in the later knitting process;

Step 1.3, laying the first gravel layer with a thickness of 10-20cm and a gravel particle size of 3-5cm on the river bed;

Step 2, binding the nano-filament carrier to the network resin skeleton to form a bio-enzyme carrier;

Step 3, soaking the bio-enzyme carrier in the bio-enzyme reagent until the nano-filamentous carrier adsorbs the bio-enzyme to saturation;

Step 4, laying the biological enzyme carrier on the first gravel layer;

Step 5, laying the second gravel layer in sections on the biological enzyme carrier.

Further, in the above-mentioned laying method: the fermentation liquid obtained by fermenting the biological enzymes from microorganisms, the fermentation liquid includes amylase, protease, lipase, phosphatase, nitrate reductase, urease, cellulase , Compound enzyme product composed of laccase.

Further, in the above-mentioned laying method: in the step 2, the position where the nano-filament carrier is bound is the junction of the mesh resin skeleton mesh.

Further, in the above-mentioned laying method: in the step 3, the soaking time is 24 hours.

Further, in the above-mentioned laying method: in the step 5, the particle diameter of the second crushed stone layer (5) is 5-10mm, the laying thickness is 5-10cm, and the segmental interval is 3-5m. The laying length is 3~5m.

Compared with other prior art, the present invention has the following prominent features and significant advantages:

(1) The bio-enzyme carrier device in the present invention has the characteristics of simple installation, strong operability, and modular implementation. The laying method of the gravel layer increases the roughness of the river bed, and the voids of the gravel provide a good environment for benthic animals and microorganisms. Living space is conducive to maintaining the stability of the ecosystem, and is suitable for rain-sourced rivers with steep riverbed slopes and fast water flow.

(2) The bio-enzyme carrier device in the present invention has a strong ability to resist water erosion, can reduce the loss of bio-enzymes and their carriers, and improve the stability of system operation.

(3) The bottom of the biological enzyme carrier device in the present invention is in contact with the silt, which can effectively control the resuspension of the silt, and is conducive to improving the ecological environment of the bottom mud; the upper part is in contact with the water body, and the carrier loaded with the biological enzyme is under the aerobic condition of the water body. Aerobic microorganisms and benthic animals provide attachment space and living conditions, which can greatly increase riverbed biodiversity.

(4) In the present invention, the diameter of the biological enzyme carrier fiber is at the nanometer level, and the length is controlled within a certain range, which avoids the problems of intertwining and knotting of fibers in the water body and reducing the mass transfer efficiency of complex pollutants.

(5) The mechanical strength of the biological enzyme carrier fiber in the present invention is high. In the complex and complex polluted water environment, the nanofiber adsorption material has very strong mechanical strength, and the material is not easy to be broken and lost, causing secondary pollution.

(6) The material has high biocompatibility: the fiber itself has rich functional groups, and the interaction between functional groups can play an important role in the process of adsorbing composite pollutants. The rich content of active groups can promote the removal of pollutants. At the same time, due to the bio-affinity of the material, it will not affect the activity of the attached biological enzymes.

(7) It has a high specific surface area. Filamentous polyolefin fiber adsorption materials have a high specific surface area, and at the same time have rich pore structure and pore capacity, which can improve the intermolecular force of physical adsorption.

(8) The biofilm is not easy to fall off: due to the rough surface of the filamentous resin carrier and the network resin skeleton, the microorganisms adsorbed and grown on the pollutant-degrading enzymes are not easy to fall off during the process of continuous proliferation and film formation, and the water purification effect is longer.

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network resin skeleton bound with a nano-filament carrier in Example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a biological enzyme carrier used for ecological restoration of riverbed water in Example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic change of ammonia nitrogen concentration after engineering implementation in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic changes of COD and TP concentrations after the implementation of the project in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a graph showing changes in the number of microorganisms in the river bed before and after the implementation of the project in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a graph showing changes in riverbed microbial species before and after project implementation in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present embodiment is a kind of biological enzyme carrier that is used for riverbed water ecological restoration, as shown in Figure 1, the structure of biological enzyme carrier 3 is the network skeleton 1 with polymer fiber resin material, in order to increase the specific surface area of biological carrier , bind the nanofilament carrier 2 on the network skeleton 1 . The biological enzyme extracted from the living body is artificially fixed on the nano-filament carrier 2, and the free biological enzyme is blocked on the nano-filament carrier 2 or limited to a certain area on the nano-filament carrier 2. It is an active, unique catalyst and a technology that can be used for a long time. Compared with free enzymes, immobilized enzymes have the advantages of high stability, easy control, reusability, and low cost. The high-molecular polymer resin material selected in this embodiment is used as a biological enzyme carrier, which has the characteristics of non-toxic, odorless, tasteless, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and high strength, and can be widely used as a bio-filming filler in the field of water treatment.

In this embodiment, the network skeleton 1 and the nano-filament carrier 2 bound to 1 together constitute the biological enzyme carrier 3, and the biological enzyme carrier 3 is laid on the first crushed stone layer 4, and the biological enzyme carrier 3 is segmented The second crushed stone layer 5 is pressed, and the laying method of the second crushed stone layer 5 is crushed stone subsection pressure burial paving method.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the bio-enzyme carrier used for riverbed ecological restoration in this embodiment includes three parts: a bio-enzyme carrier 3 , a first gravel layer 4 and a second gravel layer 5 .

Wherein: the bio-enzyme carrier 3 includes: the high molecular polymer resin network skeleton 1 is the support material, and the filamentous material made of high-strength polyethylene material is used. The polymer resin network skeleton 1 is in the shape of a network, and the mesh size is: 10cm×10cm. The nano-filament carrier 2 is bound to the mesh junction of the network skeleton 1, and the nano-filament carrier 2 is bound to a biological enzyme. The nano-filament carrier 2 is a filament-like material formed by twisting nanofibers. It is a bio-enzyme adsorption carrier. It has the characteristics of high strength, small diameter, large specific surface area, and high porosity. It has strong enzyme adsorption capacity and the length of the fiber filament is 15cm. The nano-filamentary carrier 2 is made of high-molecular polymers and processed by electrospinning technology, and carbon nanofibers are added in the later weaving process of nanofibers. In addition, the nano-filamentous carrier 2 adopts physical adsorption to immobilize biological enzymes, and the biological enzymes are liquid fermented liquid fermented by microorganisms. The fermented liquid is composed of amylase, protease, lipase, phosphatase, nitrate reductase, urease, Compound enzyme products composed of cellulase, laccase and other enzymes.

The crushed stone layer is divided into the first crushed stone layer 4 and the second crushed stone layer 5, wherein the second crushed stone layer 5 adopts the crushed gravel laying method in sections, and the first crushed stone layer 4 is laid on the lower layer of the network skeleton 1 10-20cm thick gravel, the particle size of the gravel in the first gravel layer 4 is: 3-5cm. The gravel voids provide habitats for the growth of microorganisms and benthic organisms, and the pollutants in the sediment are continuously degraded through the action of benthic organisms. On the network skeleton 1 is the second crushed stone layer 5, the second crushed stone layer 5 is laid on the network skeleton 1 in sections, the second crushed stone layer 5 has 5~10cm thick crushed stones, and its crushed stone particle size 5~10cm, segment interval is 3~5m, laying interval can also be 3~5m. The second crushed stone layer 5 realizes sufficient contact of biological enzymes with the river water body, reducing pollutants in the river water body.

The biological enzyme carrier laying method that is used for riverbed water ecological restoration of the present embodiment is as follows:

Firstly, a high-strength polyethylene material is used to construct a network skeleton 1 in a grid-like construction method with a grid size of 10cm×10cm. After the mesh skeleton 1 is constructed, the nanofilament carrier 2 formed by twisting the nanofibers is bound to the mesh skeleton 1 to form a biological enzyme carrier 3, so as to increase the specific surface area of the biological carrier, thereby improving the attachment efficiency of microorganisms , the binding position is the junction of mesh skeleton 1, and the length of nano-filament carrier 2 is 15cm. After the carrier is bound, its structure is shown in Figure 1. It is soaked in the biological enzyme reagent to fix the required biological enzyme. After 24 hours of adsorption and saturation, it can be applied to the river bed for ecological restoration.

The method of laying the river bed is shown in Figure 2. First lay a layer of 10-20cm thick first crushed stone layer 4 at the bottom of the riverbed, the particle size of the crushed stone in the first crushed stone layer 4 is 3-5cm, and lay the network skeleton 1 and nano wire on the first crushed stone layer 4 Shape carrier 2 forms bio-enzyme carrier 3, and the second crushed stone layer 5 is laid in sections on the biological enzyme carrier 3, and the crushed stone particle diameter of the second crushed stone layer 5 is 5 ~ 10cm, and laying thickness is 5 ~ 10cm, segmental interval 3~5m, and the laying length of gravel layer 5 is 3~5m.

The bio-enzyme carrier of the ecological restoration of the river bed of this embodiment was used to carry out ecological restoration in a black and odorous river course in a certain city. After the ecological restoration project was completed, the water quality of the black and odorous river course was monitored. The results of the project implementation are shown in Figures 3-6. After laying the biological enzyme carrier for ecological restoration of riverbed water according to the structure shown in Figure 2, a relatively stable biofilm was formed at the bottom of the riverbed in about 10 days, the number of microorganisms increased significantly, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen began to decrease. As shown in Figure 3, only The concentration of ammonia nitrogen decreased to meet the water quality target in one month, and the concentration of COD and TP decreased significantly. As shown in Figure 4, the concentration of COD decreased from higher than 80 mg/L to lower than 40 mg/L after three days, and the concentration of TP decreased after seven days. It has also dropped from close to 1.5mg/L to only 0.6mg/L, all of which have good results, and the microbial load has also been significantly restored after the implementation of the project, as shown in Figure 5. In short, the water quality of the river channel has improved significantly in about one month. The biofilm on the river bed has continued to thicken, the ecosystem has stabilized, the algae in the river bed have reproduced, and the water quality is crystal clear. Two months after the implementation of the project, the black odor in the bottom river channel has basically been eliminated.

After the ecological restoration project was completed, the water quality and microbial colony of the river were monitored, and the microbial community of the riverbed changed significantly: the microbial diversity and abundance in the middle and downstream of the implementation section were significantly higher than those in the upstream; before the project was implemented, pathogenic bacteria were the dominant bacteria in the river, while After the implementation of the project, the proportion of bacteria related to water quality improvement in the midstream and downstream, such as organic matter degradation and ammonia oxidation, increased significantly, and harmful pathogenic bacteria decreased significantly, as shown in Figure 6.

Claims (10)

1. A biological enzyme carrier for river bed water ecological restoration, comprising a biological enzyme carrier (3) carrying biological enzyme; it is characterized in that: described biological enzyme carrier (3) comprises a net of polymer fiber resin material shaped skeleton (1), a nano-filament carrier (2) for carrying biological enzymes bound on the network skeleton (1), and the biological enzyme carrier (3) is composed of the first gravel laid on the river bed The layer (4) is supported, and the second crushed stone layer (5) is laid in sections on the biological enzyme carrier (3). 2. The biological enzyme carrier used for riverbed water ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grid size of the mesh skeleton (1) is: m × n, and the nano-filament carrier (2) Bundled at the intersection of mesh wires of the mesh skeleton (1), the range of m and n is between 5-20cm. 3. the biological enzyme carrier that is used for riverbed water ecological restoration according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described nano-filament carrier (2) is the thread-like material that twists with nano-fiber, and the nano-fiber The length is 10-20cm. 4. the biological enzyme carrier that is used for riverbed water ecological restoration according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described nano-filamentous carrier (2) is to add carbon nanofiber with high molecular polymer as raw material, adopts electrospinning Silk technology twisted filaments. 5. the biological enzyme carrier that is used for riverbed water ecological restoration according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first crushed stone layer (4) thickness is 10～20cm, and crushed stone particle diameter is 3～5cm; The second gravel layer (5) has a section interval of 3-5m, a layer thickness of 5-10cm, and a gravel particle size of 5-10cm. 6. a method for laying the biological enzyme carrier for riverbed water ecological restoration according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: Step 1.1, adopting high-strength polyethylene material to construct a network resin skeleton (1); Step 1.2, using high molecular polymers as raw materials, using electrospinning technology to knit nano-filament carriers (2), and adding carbon nanofibers in the later knitting process; Step 1.3, laying thickness on the riverbed is 10 ~ 20cm, the first gravel layer (4) that gravel grain size is 3 ~ 5cm; Step 2, binding the nano-filament carrier (2) to the network resin skeleton (1) to form a bio-enzyme carrier (3); Step 3, soaking the bio-enzyme carrier (3) in the bio-enzyme reagent until the nano-filament carrier (2) therein absorbs the bio-enzyme to saturation; Step 4, laying the biological enzyme carrier (3) on the first gravel layer (4); Step 5, laying the second gravel layer (5) in sections on the biological enzyme carrier (3). 7. The laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that: said biological enzyme is fermented by microorganisms, and said fermented liquid comprises amylase, protease, lipase, phosphatase, nitric acid reducing A compound enzyme product composed of enzyme, urease, cellulase and laccase. 8. The laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step 2, the position where the nano-filament carrier (2) is bound is the junction of the mesh resin skeleton (1). 9. The laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that in said step 3, the soaking time is 24 hours. 10. The laying method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step 5, the particle size of the second crushed stone layer (5) is 5-10mm, the laying thickness is 5-10cm, and the segment interval is 3~5m, the paving length of gravel layer 5 is 3~5m.