CN108452848B - 一种催化剂 - Google Patents
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- CN108452848B CN108452848B CN201810236234.4A CN201810236234A CN108452848B CN 108452848 B CN108452848 B CN 108452848B CN 201810236234 A CN201810236234 A CN 201810236234A CN 108452848 B CN108452848 B CN 108452848B
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- 235000021513 Cinchona Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract
Description
本发明是申请日为2016年02月24日,申请号为201610099742.3,发明名称为“一种艾沙康唑的制备方法”的发明专利的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成领域,涉及一种药物合成用催化剂,具体涉及一种艾沙康唑合成过程中用于丙腈加成的催化剂。
背景技术
近20年来,由于造血干细胞移植、实体器官移植、肿瘤化疗、广谱抗生素及糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂的广泛应用,侵袭性真菌感染的患病率呈显著上升趋势。侵袭性真菌感染主要由念珠菌属和曲霉菌属所致,其易感人群为免疫力低下患者,多发生在血液、ICU、移植以及呼吸和感染领域,其中血液科病人,如骨髓移植、白血病和淋巴瘤患者的比重约占61%,感染和呼吸科患者约占17%,主要集中为艾滋病、呼吸衰竭和免疫功能低下的患者。国内临床研究表明,造血干细胞移植患者中,侵袭性真菌感染的发病率为7%-14%;ICU领域侵袭性真菌感染占医院获得性感染的8%-15%;ICU和移植病人的比重约占15%,多为实体器官移植、大型手术和胃肠外营养的患者。
(艾沙康唑硫酸酯)是三氮唑艾沙康唑的水溶性前药,用于治疗18周岁以上患者的侵袭性曲霉菌感染和侵袭性毛霉菌感染。艾沙康唑硫酸酯是三氮唑类抗真菌药物艾沙康唑的前药,艾沙康唑通过抑制细胞色素P450酶系统中的14-α-麦毛甾醇脱甲基酶从而抑制真菌细胞膜重要组成成分麦角甾醇的合成,以致真菌细胞膜化学组成改变,膜功能紊乱,通透性增加,细胞内液外溢,进而达到抑菌和杀菌的作用。现有的艾沙康唑硫酸酯的制备方法中,工艺步骤繁多,意味着产率降低,成本显著上升。如果能够减少其合成步骤,能够极大地减少其反应时间,从而提高生产效率;而且能够提高产率,降高收率,则能够使得生产企业在市场竞争中处于优势地位。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了克服现有技术的不足而提供一种艾沙康唑合成过程中用于丙腈加成的催化剂。
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:本发明催化剂,通过采用C-9伯胺金鸡纳碱和铜色树碱混合,实现了丙腈的不对称加成,突破了现有的缺陷。
附图说明
附图1为本发明艾沙康唑的制备方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明提供一种艾沙康唑的制备方法,如图1所示,它包括以下步骤:
(a)向反应釜中依次加入1mol二氟苯基乙酰氯、1.2mol三氮唑、0.15molCuI、1.5mol碳酸钾和0.8L DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺),升温至80℃搅拌反应10小时,TLC(薄层色谱法)检测反应完全后;过滤取滤液,进行减压浓缩回收DMF,残留物则用乙酸乙酯重结晶得类白色固体,即第一产物,产率73%;
(b)于三颈反应瓶中,加入4mol丙腈、0.1mol催化剂(包含0.05mol C-9伯胺金鸡纳碱,化学式为和0.05mol铜色树碱,化学式为)、0.1mol苯甲酸和0.5L N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA),降温至-10℃,搅拌滴加含有1mol第一产物的0.3L N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液,在-10℃反应8小时,TLC检测反应完全后,加入浓度为1mol/L的盐酸0.3L淬灭反应,用0.2L乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,所得油状物用正庚烷/二氯甲烷(体积比1:1)重结晶,过滤干燥得类白色固体,即第二产物,收率80%,dr.为97:3;
(c)于三颈反应瓶中加入1mol第二产物、4mol二硫代磷酸二乙酯、0.6L水和0.6L异丙醇混合溶剂,加热至80℃,搅拌反应20小时,TLC检测反应完全后降温至0℃,滴加质量浓度为5%的碳酸氢钠溶液0.4L,再用0.3L乙酸乙酯萃取三个,合并有机相,用0.1L饱和碳酸氢钠、0.1L水、0.1L饱和食盐水依次洗涤一次,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤、浓缩;在0.3L异丙醇重结晶,在0℃析晶搅拌1小时,抽滤即可得第三产物,收率60%;
(d)于三颈反应瓶中加入1mol第三产物、1.05mol 2-溴-4’-氰基苯乙酮和0.3L95%的乙醇(即95乙醇),在60℃搅拌反应2小时,TLC检测反应完全后加入体积比为1:1的水和95乙醇的混合溶剂,加热至55℃,加入三乙胺调节pH为4,降温至50℃搅拌0.5小时,随后2小时左右降至室温,在室温下搅拌10小时,过滤后滤饼用体积比为1:1的水和95乙醇的混合溶剂洗涤,置于烘箱中干燥即可,收率70%。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种艾沙康唑的制备方法,其制备步骤与实施例1中的基本一致,不同的是:步骤(b)中,未加入苯甲酸,最终第二产物的收率为75%,dr.为95:5。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种艾沙康唑的制备方法,其制备步骤与实施例1中的基本一致,不同的是:步骤(b)中,催化剂中C-9伯胺金鸡纳碱与铜色树碱的摩尔比为5:1,最终第二产物的收率为76%,dr.为95:5。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种艾沙康唑的制备方法,其制备步骤与实施例1中的基本一致,不同的是:步骤(b)中,催化剂中C-9伯胺金鸡纳碱与铜色树碱的摩尔比为1:5,最终第二产物的收率为73%,dr.为95:5。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种艾沙康唑的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
(a)向反应釜中依次加入1mol二氟苯基乙酰氯、1.1mol三氮唑、0.1molCuI、1.2mol碳酸钾和0.8L DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺),升温至100℃搅拌反应8小时,TLC(薄层色谱法)检测反应完全后;过滤取滤液,进行减压浓缩回收DMF,残留物则用乙酸乙酯重结晶得类白色固体,即第一产物,产率70%;
(b)于三颈反应瓶中,加入3mol丙腈、0.2mol催化剂(包含0.1mol C-9伯胺金鸡纳碱,化学式为和0.1mol铜色树碱,化学式为)、0.2mol苯甲酸和0.5LN,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA),降温至-10℃,搅拌滴加含有1mol第一产物的0.3L N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液,在-5℃反应8小时,TLC检测反应完全后,加入浓度为1mol/L的盐酸0.3L淬灭反应,用0.2L乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,所得油状物用正庚烷/二氯甲烷(体积比1:1)重结晶,过滤干燥得类白色固体,即第二产物,收率70%,dr.为95:5;
(c)于三颈反应瓶中加入1mol第二产物、5mol二硫代磷酸二乙酯、0.6L水和0.6L异丙醇混合溶剂,加热至80℃,搅拌反应20小时,TLC检测反应完全后降温至0℃,滴加质量浓度为5%的碳酸氢钠溶液0.4L,再用0.3L乙酸乙酯萃取三个,合并有机相,用0.1L饱和碳酸氢钠、0.1L水、0.1L饱和食盐水依次洗涤一次,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤、浓缩;在0.3L异丙醇重结晶,在0℃析晶搅拌1小时,抽滤即可得第三产物,收率60%;
(d)于三颈反应瓶中加入1mol第三产物、1.1mol 2-溴-4’-氰基苯乙酮和0.3L95%的乙醇(即95乙醇),在60℃搅拌反应2小时,TLC检测反应完全后加入体积比为1:1的水和95乙醇的混合溶剂,加热至70℃,加入三乙胺调节pH为4,降温至50℃搅拌0.5小时,随后2小时左右降至室温,在室温下搅拌10小时,过滤后滤饼用体积比为1:1的水和95乙醇的混合溶剂洗涤,置于烘箱中干燥即可,收率70%。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
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