CN108445947B - A Fast Transient Response Circuit Applied to DC-DC Converter Chip - Google Patents
A Fast Transient Response Circuit Applied to DC-DC Converter Chip Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种应用于电流模式buck型DC‑DC转换器芯片的快速瞬态响应电路，该电路包括：误差放大器、限幅电路、多路选择器以及瞬态检测电路，其中，所述误差放大器与外部反馈输入连接，所述误差放大器将外部反馈进行放大，并输出稳压信号；所述限幅电路与所述误差放大器连接，所述限幅电路上限电压为VH，下限电压为VL，限幅电路把所述误差放大器的输出稳压信号限定在VL和VH之间；所述多路选择器与所述限幅电路连接，所述多路选择器把所述误差放大器的输出稳压信号设定为VH或者VL；所述瞬态检测电路与所述误差放大器连接，所述瞬态检测电路检测所述误差放大器的内部节点，判断负载电流是否有瞬态突变。该电路具有功耗低、稳定性好、瞬态响应好等优点。
The invention relates to a fast transient response circuit applied to a current mode buck type DC-DC converter chip, the circuit comprising: an error amplifier, a limiter circuit, a multiplexer and a transient detection circuit, wherein the error The amplifier is connected to the external feedback input, and the error amplifier amplifies the external feedback and outputs a voltage stabilization signal; the limiting circuit is connected to the error amplifier, the upper limit voltage of the limiting circuit is VH, and the lower limit voltage is VL, A limiter circuit limits the output regulated signal of the error amplifier between VL and VH; the multiplexer is connected to the limiter circuit, and the multiplexer regulated the output of the error amplifier The signal is set to VH or VL; the transient detection circuit is connected to the error amplifier, and the transient detection circuit detects the internal nodes of the error amplifier to determine whether there is a transient change in the load current. The circuit has the advantages of low power consumption, good stability and good transient response.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电源管理领域，尤其涉及一种应用于DC-DC转换器芯片的快速瞬态响应电路。The invention relates to the field of power management, in particular to a fast transient response circuit applied to a DC-DC converter chip.
背景技术Background technique
直流-直流转换器芯片(DC-DC converter chip)具有高集成、大驱动电流和高效率等优点。DC-DC转换器芯片是电源管理芯片中一个非常重要的模块。随着便携式电子产品设备的广泛应用，对DC-DC的性能也提出了新的要求：更高的集成度、更高的效率、更好的瞬态响应和更大的输出电流。DC-DC converter chip (DC-DC converter chip) has the advantages of high integration, large drive current and high efficiency. The DC-DC converter chip is a very important module in the power management chip. With the wide application of portable electronic products, new requirements are put forward for the performance of DC-DC: higher integration, higher efficiency, better transient response and larger output current.
DC-DC转换器芯片的瞬态响应包含负载瞬态响应和线性瞬态响应，其负载瞬态响应指当输出电流突变时引起输出电压的变化情况，线性瞬态响应是指当输入电压突变时引起输出电压的变化情况。对于应用DC-DC较多的便携式产中，一般输入电压突变的情况很小，而负载电流突变的情况很普通，所以对DC-DC转换器的负载瞬态响应的研究越来越受到重视。The transient response of the DC-DC converter chip includes a load transient response and a linear transient response. The load transient response refers to the change in the output voltage caused by a sudden change in the output current, and the linear transient response refers to the change in the output voltage when the input voltage changes suddenly. cause changes in the output voltage. For portable products with more DC-DC applications, the sudden change of the input voltage is very small, and the sudden change of the load current is very common, so the research on the load transient response of the DC-DC converter has attracted more and more attention.
电流模式的DC-DC转换器有一个较大的片外滤波电容，在负载跳变的时候可以起到“蓄水池”的作用，降低输出电压的波动，但是，这并不意味着电流模式DC-DC转换器就天然具有良好的瞬态响应。事实上，以下两个原因导致了电流模式DC-DC转换器有限的瞬态响应性能：1)电压环路的单位增益带宽通常要小于1/5的开关频率，DC-DC转换器的开关频率并不高，普遍在2MHz以下，低带宽限制了瞬态的响应速度；2)运放输出端的PI零点补偿需要一个大的电容，在低功耗设计约束下，该电容限制了运放的摆率。此外，电流模式DC-DC转换器本质上是非线性系统，所以适用的快速瞬态技术与通用的线性系统是有差异的。The current mode DC-DC converter has a large off-chip filter capacitor, which can act as a "reservoir" when the load jumps, reducing the fluctuation of the output voltage. However, this does not mean that the current mode DC-DC converters naturally have good transient response. In fact, the following two reasons lead to the limited transient response performance of current-mode DC-DC converters: 1) The unity-gain bandwidth of the voltage loop is usually less than 1/5 of the switching frequency, and the switching frequency of the DC-DC converter It is not high, generally below 2MHz, and the low bandwidth limits the transient response speed; 2) The PI zero point compensation at the output of the op amp requires a large capacitor, which limits the swing of the op amp under the constraints of low power consumption design. Rate. Furthermore, current-mode DC-DC converters are inherently nonlinear systems, so applicable fast-transient techniques differ from general-purpose linear systems.
基于上述现有技术的缺点，对电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器芯片的快速瞬态响应电路进行改进和创新是目前的迫切需要。Based on the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, it is an urgent need to improve and innovate the fast transient response circuit of the current mode buck DC-DC converter chip.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种应用于DC-DC转换器芯片的快速瞬态响应电路，该电路具有功耗低、稳定性好、瞬态响应好等优点。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a fast transient response circuit applied to a DC-DC converter chip. The circuit has the advantages of low power consumption, good stability, and good transient response.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
一种应用于电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器芯片的快速瞬态响应电路，所述电路包括：误差放大器、限幅电路、多路选择器以及瞬态检测电路，其中，A fast transient response circuit applied to a current mode buck type DC-DC converter chip, the circuit comprising: an error amplifier, a limiter circuit, a multiplexer and a transient detection circuit, wherein,
所述误差放大器与外部反馈输入连接，所述误差放大器将外部反馈进行放大，并输出稳压信号；The error amplifier is connected to an external feedback input, and the error amplifier amplifies the external feedback and outputs a voltage stabilization signal;
所述限幅电路与所述误差放大器连接，所述限幅电路上限电压为VH，下限电压为VL，限幅电路把所述误差放大器的输出稳压信号限定在VL和VH之间；The limiting circuit is connected to the error amplifier, the upper limit voltage of the limiting circuit is VH, the lower limit voltage is VL, and the limiting circuit limits the output voltage stabilization signal of the error amplifier between VL and VH;
所述多路选择器与所述限幅电路连接，所述多路选择器把所述误差放大器的输出稳压信号设定为VH或者VL；The multiplexer is connected to the limiting circuit, and the multiplexer sets the output voltage stabilization signal of the error amplifier as VH or VL;
所述瞬态检测电路与所述误差放大器连接，所述瞬态检测电路检测所述误差放大器的内部节点，判断负载电流是否有瞬态突变。The transient detection circuit is connected to the error amplifier, and the transient detection circuit detects internal nodes of the error amplifier to determine whether there is a transient change in the load current.
进一步地，所述误差放大器包括:差分放大部分、软启动部分以及电容倍增器，其中，Further, the error amplifier includes: a differential amplification part, a soft start part and a capacitance multiplier, wherein,
所述差分放大部分包括MOS管M11、M12、M13、M14、M15、M16、M17、M18，反馈电压Vfb连接M11的栅极，基准电压Vref连接M12的栅极，M11的源极连接M12的漏极，M11的漏极连接M13的漏极和栅极以及连接M16的栅极，M13和M16的源极接地，M12的源极同时与所述软启动部分的MC12的源极，M12的漏极同时与所述软启动部分的MC12连接，M14的漏极与M12的漏极连接，M14的源极接地，M14的栅极引出VN节点，M15的源极与电压VDD连接，M15的栅极引出VP节点，M15的栅极与M17的栅极连接，M15的漏极与M16的漏极连接，M17的源极与电压VDD连接，M17的漏极与M18的漏极连接，M18的栅极与M14的栅极连接，M18的源极接地；The differential amplification part includes MOS transistors M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, M16, M17, M18, the feedback voltage V fb is connected to the gate of M11, the reference voltage V ref is connected to the gate of M12, and the source of M11 is connected to M12 The drain, the drain of M11 is connected to the drain and gate of M13 and the gate of M16 is connected, the source of M13 and M16 is grounded, the source of M12 is connected with the source of MC12 of the soft start part at the same time, the source of M12 The drain is connected to the MC12 of the soft start part at the same time, the drain of M14 is connected to the drain of M12, the source of M14 is grounded, the gate of M14 leads to the V N node, the source of M15 is connected to the voltage V DD , and the M15 The gate of M15 leads to the V P node, the gate of M15 is connected to the gate of M17, the drain of M15 is connected to the drain of M16, the source of M17 is connected to the voltage V DD , and the drain of M17 is connected to the drain of M18 , the gate of M18 is connected to the gate of M14, and the source of M18 is grounded;
所述软启动部分包括MOS管MC12、电容C10和MOS管MB13，MC12的源极与差分放大部分的M11以及M12的源极连接，MC12的漏极与差分放大部分的M12、M14的漏极连接，C10与MC12的栅极连接，MB13的源极与电压VDD连接，MB13的漏极与C10连接，C10接地；The soft start part includes MOS transistor MC12, capacitor C10 and MOS transistor MB13, the source of MC12 is connected to the sources of M11 and M12 of the differential amplification part, and the drain of MC12 is connected to the drains of M12 and M14 of the differential amplification part , C10 is connected to the gate of MC12, the source of MB13 is connected to the voltage V DD , the drain of MB13 is connected to C10, and C10 is grounded;
所述电容倍增器包括MOS管M19、M100,MOS管MB15、MB16以及电容Cm1，M19的漏极连接MB15的漏极，M19的栅极连接M100的栅极，M19的源极接地，M100的漏极连接MB16的漏极，M100的源极接地，MB15的源极与电压VDD连接，MB16的源极与电压VDD连接，电容Cm1连接MB14和M19的漏极，以及电容Cm1连接M19和M100的栅极。The capacitance multiplier includes MOS transistors M19, M100, MOS transistors MB15, MB16 and capacitor Cm1, the drain of M19 is connected to the drain of MB15, the gate of M19 is connected to the gate of M100, the source of M19 is grounded, and the drain of M100 The pole is connected to the drain of MB16, the source of M100 is grounded, the source of MB15 is connected to the voltage V DD , the source of MB16 is connected to the voltage V DD , the capacitor Cm1 is connected to the drains of MB14 and M19, and the capacitor Cm1 is connected to M19 and M100 the grid.
进一步地，所述限幅电路包括第一和第二运算放大器，其中第一运算放大器包括MOS管M21、M22、M23、M24、M25，第二运算放大器包括MOS管M26、M27、M28、M29、M210、M211，所述MOS管M21的栅极接上限电压VH，所述MOS管M27的栅极接下限电压VL，M21的源极连接M22的源极，M21的漏极连接M23的漏极，M22的漏极连接M24的漏极，M23的栅极连接M24的栅极，M23的源极接地，M24的源极接地，M25的栅极连接M22、M24的的漏极，M25的源极连接M22的栅极，M25的漏极接地，M26的栅极连接M22的栅极，M26的源极连接M27的源极，M26的漏极连接M28的漏极，M27的漏极连接M29的漏极，M28的栅极连接M29的栅极，M28的源极接地，M29的源极接地，M210的栅极连接M27、M29的漏极，M210的漏极连接M211的栅极，M210的源极接地，M211的源极接地。Further, the limiting circuit includes first and second operational amplifiers, wherein the first operational amplifier includes MOS transistors M21, M22, M23, M24, M25, and the second operational amplifier includes MOS transistors M26, M27, M28, M29, M210, M211, the gate of the MOS transistor M21 is connected to the upper limit voltage VH, the gate of the MOS transistor M27 is connected to the lower limit voltage VL, the source of M21 is connected to the source of M22, the drain of M21 is connected to the drain of M23, The drain of M22 is connected to the drain of M24, the gate of M23 is connected to the gate of M24, the source of M23 is grounded, the source of M24 is grounded, the gate of M25 is connected to the drains of M22 and M24, and the source of M25 is connected The gate of M22, the drain of M25 are grounded, the gate of M26 is connected to the gate of M22, the source of M26 is connected to the source of M27, the drain of M26 is connected to the drain of M28, and the drain of M27 is connected to the drain of M29 , the gate of M28 is connected to the gate of M29, the source of M28 is grounded, the source of M29 is grounded, the gate of M210 is connected to the drains of M27 and M29, the drain of M210 is connected to the gate of M211, and the source of M210 is grounded , the source of M211 is grounded.
进一步地，所述瞬态检测电路与所述误差放大器中的VP节点以及VN节点连接，所述瞬态检测电路利用所述误差放大器内部节点VP和VN电压来判断负载电流是否有瞬态突变。Further, the transient detection circuit is connected to the V P node and the V N node in the error amplifier, and the transient detection circuit uses the voltages of the internal nodes V P and V N of the error amplifier to determine whether the load current has transient mutation.
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的电路具有功耗低、稳定性好、瞬态响应好等优点。Compared with the prior art, the circuit provided by the invention has the advantages of low power consumption, good stability, good transient response and the like.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of current mode buck type DC-DC converter of the present invention;
图2为现有技术的电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a current mode buck DC-DC converter in the prior art;
图3为本发明的误差放大器电路图；Fig. 3 is the error amplifier circuit diagram of the present invention;
图4为本发明的误差放大器输出限幅电路图；Fig. 4 is the output limiter circuit diagram of error amplifier of the present invention;
图5为本发明的瞬态检测和多路选择器电路图。Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of the transient detection and multiplexer of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，为本发明一种应用于电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器芯片的快速瞬态响应电路的一种实施例，该快速瞬态响应电路包括：As shown in Figure 1, it is an embodiment of a fast transient response circuit applied to a current mode buck DC-DC converter chip of the present invention, the fast transient response circuit includes:
误差放大器、限幅电路、多路选择器以及瞬态检测电路，其中，an error amplifier, a clipping circuit, a multiplexer, and a transient detection circuit, wherein,
所述误差放大器与外部反馈输入连接，所述误差放大器将外部反馈进行放大，并输出稳压信号；The error amplifier is connected to an external feedback input, and the error amplifier amplifies the external feedback and outputs a voltage stabilization signal;
所述限幅电路与所述误差放大器连接，所述限幅电路上限电压为VH，下限电压为VL，限幅电路把所述误差放大器的输出稳压信号限定在VL和VH之间；The limiting circuit is connected to the error amplifier, the upper limit voltage of the limiting circuit is VH, the lower limit voltage is VL, and the limiting circuit limits the output voltage stabilization signal of the error amplifier between VL and VH;
所述多路选择器与所述限幅电路连接，所述多路选择器把所述误差放大器的输出稳压信号设定为VH或者VL；The multiplexer is connected to the limiting circuit, and the multiplexer sets the output voltage stabilization signal of the error amplifier as VH or VL;
所述瞬态检测电路与所述误差放大器连接，所述瞬态检测电路检测所述误差放大器的内部节点，判断负载电流是否有瞬态突变。The transient detection circuit is connected to the error amplifier, and the transient detection circuit detects internal nodes of the error amplifier to determine whether there is a transient change in the load current.
在本实施例中，所述误差放大器包括:差分放大部分、软启动部分以及电容倍增器，其中，In this embodiment, the error amplifier includes: a differential amplification part, a soft start part and a capacitor multiplier, wherein,
所述差分放大部分包括MOS管M11、M12、M13、M14、M15、M16、M17、M18，反馈电压Vfb连接M11的栅极，基准电压Vref连接M12的栅极，M11的源极连接M12的漏极，M11的漏极连接M13的漏极和栅极以及连接M16的栅极，M13和M16的源极接地，M12的源极同时与所述软启动部分的MC12的源极，M12的漏极同时与所述软启动部分的MC12连接，M14的漏极与M12的漏极连接，M14的源极接地，M14的栅极引出VN节点，M15的源极与电压VDD连接，M15的栅极引出VP节点，M15的栅极与M17的栅极连接，M15的漏极与M16的漏极连接，M17的源极与电压VDD连接，M17的漏极与M18的漏极连接，M18的栅极与M14的栅极连接，M18的源极接地；The differential amplification part includes MOS transistors M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, M16, M17, M18, the feedback voltage V fb is connected to the gate of M11, the reference voltage V ref is connected to the gate of M12, and the source of M11 is connected to M12 The drain, the drain of M11 is connected to the drain and gate of M13 and the gate of M16 is connected, the source of M13 and M16 is grounded, the source of M12 is connected with the source of MC12 of the soft start part at the same time, the source of M12 The drain is connected to the MC12 of the soft start part at the same time, the drain of M14 is connected to the drain of M12, the source of M14 is grounded, the gate of M14 leads to the V N node, the source of M15 is connected to the voltage V DD , and the M15 The gate of M15 leads to the V P node, the gate of M15 is connected to the gate of M17, the drain of M15 is connected to the drain of M16, the source of M17 is connected to the voltage V DD , and the drain of M17 is connected to the drain of M18 , the gate of M18 is connected to the gate of M14, and the source of M18 is grounded;
所述软启动部分包括MOS管MC12、电容C10和MOS管MB13，MC12的源极与差分放大部分的M11以及M12的源极连接，MC12的漏极与差分放大部分的M12、M14的漏极连接，C10与MC12的栅极连接，MB13的源极与电压VDD连接，MB13的漏极与C10连接，C10接地；The soft start part includes MOS transistor MC12, capacitor C10 and MOS transistor MB13, the source of MC12 is connected to the sources of M11 and M12 of the differential amplification part, and the drain of MC12 is connected to the drains of M12 and M14 of the differential amplification part , C10 is connected to the gate of MC12, the source of MB13 is connected to the voltage V DD , the drain of MB13 is connected to C10, and C10 is grounded;
所述电容倍增器包括MOS管M19、M100,MOS管MB15、MB16以及电容Cm1，M19的漏极连接MB15的漏极，M19的栅极连接M100的栅极，M19的源极接地，M100的漏极连接MB16的漏极，M100的源极接地，MB15的源极与电压VDD连接，MB16的源极与电压VDD连接，电容Cm1连接MB14和M19的漏极，以及电容Cm1连接M19和M100的栅极。The capacitance multiplier includes MOS transistors M19, M100, MOS transistors MB15, MB16 and capacitor Cm1, the drain of M19 is connected to the drain of MB15, the gate of M19 is connected to the gate of M100, the source of M19 is grounded, and the drain of M100 The pole is connected to the drain of MB16, the source of M100 is grounded, the source of MB15 is connected to the voltage V DD , the source of MB16 is connected to the voltage V DD , the capacitor Cm1 is connected to the drains of MB14 and M19, and the capacitor Cm1 is connected to M19 and M100 the grid.
在本实施例中，所述限幅电路包括第一和第二运算放大器，其中第一运算放大器包括MOS管M21、M22、M23、M24、M25，第二运算放大器包括MOS管M26、M27、M28、M29、M210、M211，所述MOS管M21的栅极接上限电压VH，所述MOS管M27的栅极接下限电压VL，M21的源极连接M22的源极，M21的漏极连接M23的漏极，M22的漏极连接M24的漏极，M23的栅极连接M24的栅极，M23的源极接地，M24的源极接地，M25的栅极连接M22、M24的的漏极，M25的源极连接M22的栅极，M25的漏极接地，M26的栅极连接M22的栅极，M26的源极连接M27的源极，M26的漏极连接M28的漏极，M27的漏极连接M29的漏极，M28的栅极连接M29的栅极，M28的源极接地，M29的源极接地，M210的栅极连接M27、M29的漏极，M210的漏极连接M211的栅极，M210的源极接地，M211的源极接地。In this embodiment, the limiting circuit includes first and second operational amplifiers, wherein the first operational amplifier includes MOS transistors M21, M22, M23, M24, M25, and the second operational amplifier includes MOS transistors M26, M27, M28 , M29, M210, M211, the gate of the MOS transistor M21 is connected to the upper limit voltage VH, the gate of the MOS transistor M27 is connected to the lower limit voltage VL, the source of M21 is connected to the source of M22, and the drain of M21 is connected to the M23 Drain, the drain of M22 is connected to the drain of M24, the gate of M23 is connected to the gate of M24, the source of M23 is grounded, the source of M24 is grounded, the gate of M25 is connected to the drains of M22 and M24, and the drain of M25 The source is connected to the gate of M22, the drain of M25 is grounded, the gate of M26 is connected to the gate of M22, the source of M26 is connected to the source of M27, the drain of M26 is connected to the drain of M28, and the drain of M27 is connected to M29 The drain of M28, the gate of M28 is connected to the gate of M29, the source of M28 is grounded, the source of M29 is grounded, the gate of M210 is connected to the drains of M27 and M29, the drain of M210 is connected to the gate of M211, and the gate of M210 The source is grounded, and the source of M211 is grounded.
在本实施例中，所述瞬态检测电路与所述误差放大器中的VP节点以及VN节点连接，所述瞬态检测电路利用所述误差放大器内部节点VP和VN电压来判断负载电流是否有瞬态突变。In this embodiment, the transient detection circuit is connected to the V P node and the V N node in the error amplifier, and the transient detection circuit uses the internal node V P and V N voltages of the error amplifier to determine the load Whether there is a transient sudden change in the current.
现有技术的的电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器芯片的整体结构电路图如图2所示，输出电压经过电阻分压后，反馈接入误差放大器的负输入端，与参考电压经过运放的差分放大后得到小信号稳压信号VC，于此同时，感应电路将流过电感的电流成比例地注入感应电阻形成感应电压VS。感应电压和稳压信号进行比较，输出一个占空比与比较结果相关的控制信号，这个控制信号经过死区时间控制和驱动后，去控制PWM开关的电流，该电流经过LC滤波后形成输出电压，实现对输出电压的调节稳压。可以看到，电流将检测到的电感电流信号反馈到占空比调制模块以得到占空比信号d，d控制PWM开关的开启时间，因为PWM开关决定了电感电流，所以这个环路组成了电流内环。另外，斜坡产生电路产生锯齿波信号对电流环路进行斜坡补偿。类似的是，输出电压Vout通过分压后将信号送到误差放大器的负输入端，放大器将Vfb和基准电压的误差电压放大，再将稳压信号VC送到占空比调制模块控制PWM开关，PMW开关导通电流经过RC滤波形成输出电压，从而构成了电压外环，电压环路因为多个极点的存在也可能震荡，需要串联的Rz和Cz形成一个比例积分(ProportionalIntegral，PI)补偿零点以实现环路稳定。电流模式DC-DC转换器有限的单位增益带宽和误差放大器输出端的PI零点补偿需要的大电容限制了其瞬态响应的性能。The overall structural circuit diagram of the current mode buck DC-DC converter chip in the prior art is shown in Figure 2. After the output voltage is divided by resistors, the feedback is connected to the negative input terminal of the error amplifier, and the reference voltage is connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier. After differential amplification, a small-signal stabilized voltage signal VC is obtained. At the same time, the induction circuit injects the current flowing through the inductor into the induction resistor in proportion to form an induction voltage VS. The induced voltage is compared with the stabilized voltage signal, and a control signal related to the duty cycle and the comparison result is output. After the control signal is controlled and driven by the dead time, it controls the current of the PWM switch. The current is filtered by LC to form the output voltage. , to achieve regulation and regulation of the output voltage. It can be seen that the current feeds back the detected inductor current signal to the duty ratio modulation module to obtain the duty ratio signal d, and d controls the turn-on time of the PWM switch, because the PWM switch determines the inductor current, so this loop forms the current inner circle. In addition, the slope generation circuit generates a sawtooth wave signal to perform slope compensation on the current loop. Similarly, after the output voltage Vout is divided, the signal is sent to the negative input terminal of the error amplifier. The amplifier amplifies the error voltage between Vfb and the reference voltage, and then sends the regulated signal VC to the duty cycle modulation module to control the PWM switch. The conduction current of the PMW switch is filtered by RC to form the output voltage, which constitutes the outer voltage loop. The voltage loop may also oscillate due to the existence of multiple poles. It is necessary to connect Rz and Cz in series to form a proportional integral (Proportional Integral, PI) to compensate the zero point. achieve loop stability. The limited unity-gain bandwidth of the current-mode DC-DC converter and the large capacitance required for PI zero compensation at the output of the error amplifier limit its transient response performance.
本发明提出的具有快速瞬态响应的电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器芯片的整体结构电路图如图1所示。作为改进，一个限幅电路接在误差放大器的输出端，限幅电路上限电压为VH，下限电压为VL，通过限幅电路把误差放大器的输出限定在VL和VH之间。同时，利用瞬态检测电路检测误差放大器的内部节点，判断负载电流是否有瞬态突变。如果进入瞬态期间，利用一个多路选择器，把误差放大器的输出电压VC设定为VH或者VL。具体而言，当输出电流有突然下降，输出电压或有瞬态过冲，电压增大，经过瞬态检测电路判断后，多路选择器将VC设定为VL，VC直接减小到最低值，从而快速减小占空比，实现快速瞬态响应；当输出电流有突然上升，输出电压或有瞬态下冲，电压减小，经过瞬态检测电路判断后，多路选择器将VC设定为VH，VH直接增大到最高值，从而快速增大占空比，实现快速瞬态响应。限幅电路的存在可以有效防止电压环路的不稳定。The circuit diagram of the overall structure of the current mode buck DC-DC converter chip with fast transient response proposed by the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . As an improvement, a limiter circuit is connected to the output of the error amplifier. The upper limit voltage of the limiter circuit is VH, and the lower limit voltage is VL. The output of the error amplifier is limited between VL and VH by the limiter circuit. At the same time, use the transient detection circuit to detect the internal node of the error amplifier to judge whether there is a transient sudden change in the load current. If it enters the transient period, use a multiplexer to set the output voltage VC of the error amplifier as VH or VL. Specifically, when the output current drops suddenly, the output voltage may have a transient overshoot, and the voltage increases, after the judgment of the transient detection circuit, the multiplexer sets VC to VL, and VC is directly reduced to the lowest value , so as to quickly reduce the duty cycle and achieve fast transient response; when the output current rises suddenly, the output voltage may have a transient undershoot, and the voltage decreases. After the judgment of the transient detection circuit, the multiplexer sets VC to Set as VH, VH increases directly to the highest value, thereby rapidly increasing the duty cycle and achieving fast transient response. The existence of the limiter circuit can effectively prevent the instability of the voltage loop.
本发明所设计的误差放大器如图3所示。误差放大器主要有三部分组成，差分放大、软启动和电容倍增器。其中M11-M18组成了差分放大电路，Vfb是输出电压经过电阻分压后的反馈电压，接在误差放大器的反相输入端，参考电压Vref接在误差放大器的同相输入端。MB11-MB16组成电流镜为所有电路提供偏置电流。MC12、C10和MB13组成软启动电路，软启动电路在上电的过程中能防止过高的误差放大器输出VC，从而保护电路。M19-M100,MB15-MB16和Cm1组成了电容倍增器，从RZ1和Cm1连接端往Cm1看进去的等效电容为(1+k)Cm1，从而实现电容的放大，这个放大的电容和RZ1组成了一个零点，以补偿输出端的极点。内部节点VP和VN电压用于瞬态检测，将在图5进行描述。The error amplifier designed by the present invention is shown in Fig. 3 . The error amplifier mainly consists of three parts, differential amplifier, soft start and capacitor multiplier. Among them, M11-M18 form a differential amplifier circuit, Vfb is the feedback voltage after the output voltage is divided by resistors, connected to the inverting input of the error amplifier, and the reference voltage Vref is connected to the non-inverting input of the error amplifier. MB11-MB16 form a current mirror to provide bias current for all circuits. MC12, C10 and MB13 form a soft-start circuit, and the soft-start circuit can prevent an excessively high error amplifier from outputting VC during power-on, thereby protecting the circuit. M19-M100, MB15-MB16 and Cm1 form a capacitance multiplier. The equivalent capacitance seen from the connection end of RZ1 and Cm1 to Cm1 is (1+k)Cm1, so as to realize the amplification of capacitance. The amplified capacitance is composed of RZ1 A zero is added to compensate for the pole at the output. Internal node VP and VN voltages are used for transient detection and will be described in Figure 5.
本发明所设计的限幅电路如图4所示。限幅电路由两个运算放大器组成，其中M21-M25组成一个运算放大器，M26-M211组成一个运算放大器。对于第一个运放，同相输入端接上限电压VH，反向输入端和运放输出端接在一起，同时连接前述误差放大器的输出端VC，形成单位增益负反馈。当VC大于VH，M5工作在饱和区，环路提供足够的增益，使VC被钳位为VH，当VC小于VH，M25工作在截止区，环路增益有限，VC不会被钳位为VH。对于第二个运放，同相输入端接下限电压VL，反向输入端和运放输出端接在一起，同时连接前述误差放大器的输出端VC，形成单位增益负反馈。当VC小于VL，M211工作在饱和区，环路提供足够的增益，使VC被钳位为VL，当VC大于VH，M211工作在截止区，环路增益有限，VC不会被钳位为VL。基于这样的电路设计，VC会限制在VL和VH之间，实现限幅功能。The limiting circuit designed by the present invention is shown in Fig. 4 . The limiting circuit is composed of two operational amplifiers, among which M21-M25 form an operational amplifier, and M26-M211 form an operational amplifier. For the first operational amplifier, the non-inverting input terminal is connected to the upper limit voltage VH, the inverting input terminal and the operational amplifier output terminal are connected together, and the output terminal VC of the aforementioned error amplifier is connected at the same time to form a unity gain negative feedback. When VC is greater than VH, M5 works in the saturation region, and the loop provides enough gain to clamp VC to VH. When VC is smaller than VH, M25 works in the cut-off region, the loop gain is limited, and VC will not be clamped to VH . For the second operational amplifier, the non-inverting input terminal is connected to the lower limit voltage VL, the inverting input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier, and the output terminal VC of the aforementioned error amplifier is connected to form unity gain negative feedback. When VC is smaller than VL, M211 works in the saturation region, and the loop provides enough gain to clamp VC to VL. When VC is greater than VH, M211 works in the cut-off region, the loop gain is limited, and VC will not be clamped to VL . Based on such a circuit design, VC will be limited between VL and VH to realize the limiting function.
本发明所设计的瞬态检测电路和多路选择器如图5所示。本发明利用前述误差放大器内部节点VP和VN电压来判断负载电流是否有瞬态突变。如果负载电流有瞬态改变，反馈电压Vfb会发生改变，Vfb和Vref之间的差值会改变VP和VN的电压值。而且因为较短的传输路径和不需要驱动VC端的大电容，VP和VN的改变会比VC快很多。所以利用VP和VN可以快速地检测电路是否进入瞬态改变。当负载电流由低瞬态改变为高，输出电压下降，Vfb下降，导致VN和VP电压下降；当负载电流由高瞬态改变为低，输出电压上升，Vfb上升，导致VN和VP电压上升。The transient detection circuit and multiplexer designed by the present invention are shown in Fig. 5 . The present invention utilizes the voltages of the internal nodes VP and VN of the aforementioned error amplifier to determine whether the load current has a sudden change. If the load current changes instantaneously, the feedback voltage Vfb will change, and the difference between Vfb and Vref will change the voltage values of VP and VN. And because of the short transmission path and the large capacitance that does not need to drive the VC terminal, the change of VP and VN will be much faster than VC. Therefore, using VP and VN can quickly detect whether the circuit enters a transient change. When the load current changes from low to high transiently, the output voltage drops and Vfb drops, causing VN and VP voltages to drop; when the load current changes from high transiently to low, the output voltage rises, Vfb rises, causing VN and VP voltages to rise.
如图5所示，当转换器上电，处于软启动时，VS电压会小于Vref，比较器输出低电平，这个低电平会把两个与门置低，所以VE1为高电平，VE2为低电平，此时多路选择器的两个开关MS3和MS4都关闭，误差放大器的输出电压VC由误差放大器决定，而且MS1和MS2两个开关将开启。因为MS1和MS2的开启，额外的电流将通过MS1注入VD，于是VD电压将设置为接近电源电压，即VD为高电平，同理，额外的电流将通过MS2流出VU，于是VU电压将设置为接近地，即VU为低电平。通过这个简单设置，可以使瞬态检测电路和多路选择器上电复位，在无负载瞬态情况下，VC将由误差放大器决定。上电结束后，软启动电压高于Vref，比较器输出高电平，VE1和VE2电压将由VD和VU决定。As shown in Figure 5, when the converter is powered on and in soft start, the VS voltage will be less than Vref, and the comparator outputs a low level, which will set the two AND gates low, so VE1 is high level, VE2 is low level, at this time the two switches MS3 and MS4 of the multiplexer are closed, the output voltage VC of the error amplifier is determined by the error amplifier, and the two switches MS1 and MS2 will be turned on. Because MS1 and MS2 are turned on, additional current will be injected into VD through MS1, so the VD voltage will be set close to the power supply voltage, that is, VD is at a high level, similarly, additional current will flow out of VU through MS2, so the VU voltage will be set It is close to the ground, that is, VU is low. With this simple setup, the transient detection circuit and the multiplexer can be power-on-reset, and VC will be determined by the error amplifier during no-load transient conditions. After power-on, the soft-start voltage is higher than Vref, the comparator outputs a high level, and the voltages of VE1 and VE2 will be determined by VD and VU.
如前述，当负载电流由低瞬态改变为高，VN和VP电压下降，PMOS管M2的栅压下降，流过M2的电流会增大，NMOS管M4的栅压下降，流过M4的电流会减小，于是VU的电压增大，VU增大超过反相器的转换阈值，VE1会由高电平转变为低电平，从而关掉MS2，VU会更快速地增大，如同正反馈，最终VE1置低，打开MS3，VC电压会拉高为VH，误差放大器的输出电压达到上限，迅速增大占空比，实现快速瞬态响应，Vout下冲电压恢复。当负载电流由高瞬态改变为低，VN和VP电压上升，PMOS管M1的栅压下降，流过M1的电流会减小，NMOS管M3的栅压增加，流过M3的电流会增大，于是VP的电压减小，VP下降到反相器的转换阈值，VE2会由低电平转变为高电平，从而关掉MS1，VP会更快速地减小，如同正反馈，最终VE2置高，打开MS4，VC电压会拉低为VL，误差放大器的输出电压达到下限，迅速减小占空比，实现快速瞬态响应，Vout过冲电压恢复。因为整个瞬态检测和多路选择器基本都是数字电路，所以静态功耗很低。As mentioned above, when the load current changes from low to high transiently, the voltages of VN and VP drop, the gate voltage of PMOS transistor M2 drops, the current flowing through M2 will increase, the gate voltage of NMOS transistor M4 drops, and the current flowing through M4 will decrease, so the voltage of VU will increase, and VU will increase beyond the switching threshold of the inverter, VE1 will change from high level to low level, thus turning off MS2, and VU will increase more rapidly, just like positive feedback , and finally VE1 is set low, MS3 is turned on, the VC voltage will be pulled up to VH, the output voltage of the error amplifier reaches the upper limit, the duty cycle is rapidly increased, and a fast transient response is realized, and the Vout undershoot voltage recovers. When the load current changes from high to low transiently, the voltages of VN and VP rise, the gate voltage of PMOS transistor M1 drops, the current flowing through M1 will decrease, the gate voltage of NMOS transistor M3 increases, and the current flowing through M3 will increase , so the voltage of VP decreases, VP drops to the conversion threshold of the inverter, VE2 will change from low level to high level, thereby turning off MS1, VP will decrease more rapidly, just like positive feedback, and finally VE2 will be set High, turn on MS4, the VC voltage will be pulled down to VL, the output voltage of the error amplifier reaches the lower limit, and the duty cycle is rapidly reduced to achieve a fast transient response, and the Vout overshoot voltage recovers. Because the entire transient detection and multiplexer are basically digital, static power consumption is low.
本发明提供一种应用于电流模式buck型DC-DC转换器芯片的快速瞬态响应电路，通过误差放大器内部节点的电压来判断负载电流是否发生瞬态突变。如负载电流进入瞬态响应阶段，输出电流突然变小时，利用一个多路选择器设置误差放大器的输出电压为一个设定的最低值，这个最低值与斜坡电压进行比较，迅速降低占空比，从而减小瞬态反应的时间和降低瞬态过冲电压。当输出电流突然变大时，利用一个多路选择器设置误差放大器的输出电压为一个设定的最高值，这个最低值与斜坡电压进行比较，迅速增加占空比，从而减小瞬态反应的时间和降低瞬态下冲电压。为了降低瞬态电路对环路稳定性的影响，误差放大器增加了一个限幅电路。本发明通过最大限度地改变瞬态时PWM的占空比，从而提高DC-DC转换器芯片的瞬态响应能力。测试结果显示，上述快速瞬态响应电路具有功耗低、稳定性好、瞬态响应好等优点。The invention provides a fast transient response circuit applied to a current mode buck type DC-DC converter chip, which judges whether the load current has a transient mutation through the voltage of the internal node of the error amplifier. If the load current enters the transient response stage and the output current suddenly becomes smaller, use a multiplexer to set the output voltage of the error amplifier to a set minimum value, and compare this minimum value with the ramp voltage to quickly reduce the duty cycle. Thereby reducing the time of transient response and reducing the transient overshoot voltage. When the output current suddenly increases, use a multiplexer to set the output voltage of the error amplifier to a set maximum value. This minimum value is compared with the ramp voltage to rapidly increase the duty cycle, thereby reducing the transient response. time and reduce transient undershoot voltage. In order to reduce the impact of the transient circuit on the loop stability, a limiting circuit is added to the error amplifier. The present invention improves the transient response capability of the DC-DC converter chip by maximally changing the duty ratio of the PWM during the transient state. The test results show that the above fast transient response circuit has the advantages of low power consumption, good stability, and good transient response.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention within.
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