CN108439961A - 一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001697 hibonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种致密高纯六铝酸钙‑刚玉复相材料制备方法。这种材料以氧化铝颗粒、氧化铝细粉、金属铝粉、钙源为起始物料,加入临时结合剂,经轮碾机混合,机压或振动加压成型,坯体经干燥后,在高温窑炉内进行烧成,最高烧成温度为1600℃‑1750℃;成型时,利用金属铝粉的可塑性,用较低的成型压力就能制得致密的坯体。烧成时,利用金属铝粉低温液相烧结和金属铝粉氧化产物的高活性,使材料烧结提前,使得六铝酸钙生成的膨胀反应没有足够的空间,解决了原位生成六铝酸钙难以致密化的问题;本发明具有一次烧成、气孔率小、体积密度高、成本低等优点,能够直接应用于在还原气氛及碱性环境的热面。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料领域,具体涉及一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法。
背景技术
六铝酸钙(CaAl12O19,简写为CA6,矿物名称:黑铝钙石)是 CaO-Al2O3系中Al2O3含量最高的铝酸钙相,其理论密度为 3.38g/cm3,熔点高达1875℃。六铝酸钙具有一系列的优良性能:与含氧化铁的熔渣形成固溶体的范围大,在碱性环境中有足够强的抗化学侵蚀能力,在还原气氛中高度稳定,主要结晶区大,在几种多元系统中有较低的溶解性。
六铝酸钙还原气氛下的高稳定性决定了其适用于有还原气氛的热工窑炉炉衬,碱蒸汽环境中抗侵蚀能力强决定了其适用于碱蒸汽环境下使用的耐火材料,与熔融金属及熔渣的润湿性低决定了其可作为金属冶炼用耐火材料。
虽然有关六铝酸钙的研究及专利众多,但多集中在利用原位反应膨胀制备轻质隔热材料、轻质骨料、轻质制品等方面;对于低成本一步烧成制备六铝酸钙复相致密材料方面并没有相关专利及研究,原因如下:
1、反应和烧结是两个相互影响又相互制约的过程;六铝酸钙的原位生成由于多步反应伴随着膨胀,且反应在烧结之前,烧结受制于板片状CA6结构,故制备六铝酸钙致密材料难度很大。
2、工业产品安迈铝业的Bonite为合成六铝酸钙重质骨料;声称采用超高温烧结(>1900℃)工艺生产,在烧结过程中,通过控制合适的加料量和工艺条件,可以达到接近Al2O3-CaO相图所示的平衡状态,从而制备相组成均匀以及物理化学性质均匀的原料。Bonite由90%的CA6、少量的氧化铝和痕量的CA2矿相组成。其Al2O3含量为90%,CaO8.5%,小于0.9%的SiO2和痕量的其他杂质。因价格昂贵,并未得到很好的推广。
3、若要制备致密六铝酸钙材料,就需要使用相对稳定的氧化物原料α-Al2O3和死烧CaO,通过控制工艺,利用成本高昂的热压烧结限制六铝酸钙板片状晶体发育,制得较为致密的六铝酸钙材料,这种工艺并不适合价格较低的耐火材料大批量生产。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提出一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法以氧化铝骨料、氧化铝细粉、钙源、金属铝粉为起始物料:起始物料的质量百分比为:氧化铝骨料30-70%;氧化铝细粉30-60%;CaO0.1-8.3%;金属铝粉0.1-10%;所述的氧化铝骨料为烧结氧化铝、电熔氧化铝的一种或多种,粒度为3-0.088mm;所述的氧化铝细粉为烧结氧化铝细粉、电熔氧化铝细粉的一种或多种,细粉粒度为≤0.088mm;所述的CaO 由碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、氯化钙、醋酸钙、纯铝酸钙水泥中的一种或多种引入,且粒度为≤0.088mm;将起始物料和作为结合剂的PVA溶液或水性树脂或木质素磺酸钙溶液加入轮碾机,经轮碾机混合,机压或振动加压成型,坯体经干燥后,在高温窑炉内进行烧成,最高烧成温度为1600℃-1750℃。
本发明中,所用原料皆为杂质质量<0.5%)的高纯原料,烧成所得材料Al2O3+CaO>99.5%。
本发明提出的一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是无需高温烧结的预合成原料及昂贵的热压烧结技术,直接一步烧成致密六铝酸钙制品;所用技术原理为:利用金属铝粉的可塑性,用较低的成型压力就能制得致密的坯体;利用金属铝粉低温液相烧结和金属铝粉氧化产物的高活性及成型坯体的高致密度,使材料烧结提前,克服了六铝酸钙原位反应膨胀难以致密化的问题;具有一次烧成、气孔率小、体积密度高、成本低的特点,能够直接应用于在还原气氛及碱性环境的热面。
附图说明
图1为200倍放大的六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的微观结构图;
图2为1000倍放大的六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的微观结构图。
具体实施方式
为了充分说明本发明的特点,现对本发明举例加以说明,但本发明的具体实施方式不局限于以下实例,可以在允许范围内根据实际情况进行适当的方案调整:
实施例一:各组份配比为(质量百分数):烧结氧化铝骨料60%,烧结氧化铝细粉30%,Secar 71纯铝酸钙水泥5%(换算成CaO约1.5%),金属铝粉5%。
实施例一中先将6%的水性树脂加入颗粒部分,用轮碾机混合均匀,再将使用V型混料机混合好的细粉部分加入轮碾机,搅拌5~10分钟后出料,使用振动加压成型,经过110℃干燥。经过1720℃保温8h烧成,制品体密为3.25g/cm3,气孔率为14.5%,常温耐压强度为169MPa。
实施例二:各组份配比为(质量百分数):电熔白刚玉骨料35%,烧结氧化铝骨料20%,烧结氧化铝细粉30%,氯化钙5%(换算成CaO约2.5%),金属铝粉10%。
实施例二中先将3%的PVA加入颗粒部分,用轮碾机混合均匀;再将使用V型混料机混合好的细粉部分加入轮碾机,搅拌5~10分钟后出料,使用振动加压成型,经过110℃干燥。经过1680℃保温8h烧成,制品体密为3.20g/cm3,气孔率为15.1%,常温耐压强度为156MPa。
实施例三:各组份配比为(质量百分数):烧结氧化铝骨料35%,电熔白刚玉骨料30%,烧结氧化铝细粉10%,电熔氧化铝细粉10%,氢氧化钙10%(换算成CaO约7.6%),金属铝粉10%。
实施例三中先将3%木质素磺酸钙加入颗粒部分,用轮碾机混合均匀;再将使用V型混料机混合好的细粉部分加入轮碾机,搅拌5~10分钟后出料,使用机压成型,经过110℃干燥。经过1650℃保温8h烧成,制品体密为3.15g/cm3,气孔率为16%,常温耐压强度为158MPa。
实施例四:各组份配比为(质量百分数):烧结氧化铝骨料50%,电熔白刚玉骨料8%,烧结氧化铝细粉20%,电熔氧化铝细粉10%,氢氧化钙5%(换算成CaO约3.8%),Secar 71纯铝酸钙水泥5%(换算成CaO约1.5%),金属铝粉2%。
实施例四中先将3%的木质素磺酸钙溶液加入颗粒部分,用轮碾机混合均匀。再将使用V型混料机混合好的细粉部分加入轮碾机,搅拌5~10分钟后出料,使用机压成型,经过110℃干燥。经过1700℃保温8h烧成,制品体密为3.25g/cm3,气孔率为14.8%,常温耐压强度为193MPa。
实施例五:各组份配比为(质量百分数):烧结氧化铝骨料20%,电熔白刚玉骨料20%,烧结氧化铝细粉27%,电熔氧化铝细粉20%,碳酸钙5%(换算成CaO约2.8%),金属铝粉8%。
实施例五中先将1.5%的PVA溶液加入颗粒部分,用轮碾机混合均匀;再将使用V型混料机混合好的细粉部分加入轮碾机,搅拌5~10分钟后出料,使用等静压成型,经过110℃干燥。经过1750℃保温8h烧成,制品体密为3.32g/cm3,气孔率为13.2%,常温耐压强度为235MPa。
从图1、图2给出的断口显微形貌图,可以看到材料致密,结合力强,其中六方片状六铝酸钙晶粒大小都小于10μm,且沿垂直于轴向的发育受到了一定限制,避免原位反应膨胀对烧结收缩产生不利影响,解决了六铝酸钙原位反应膨胀难以致密化的问题。
Claims (1)
1.一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法以氧化铝骨料、氧化铝细粉、钙源、金属铝粉为起始物料:起始物料的质量百分比为:氧化铝骨料 30-70%;氧化铝细粉30-60%;CaO0.1-8.3%;金属铝粉0.1-10%;所述的氧化铝骨料为烧结氧化铝、电熔氧化铝的一种或多种,粒度为3-0.088mm;所述的氧化铝细粉为烧结氧化铝细粉、电熔氧化铝细粉的一种或多种,细粉粒度为≤0.088mm;所述的CaO 由碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、氯化钙、醋酸钙、纯铝酸钙水泥中的一种或多种引入,且粒度为≤0.088mm;将起始物料和作为结合剂的PVA溶液或水性树脂或木质素磺酸钙溶液加入轮碾机,经轮碾机混合,机压或振动加压成型,坯体经干燥后,在高温窑炉内进行烧成,最高烧成温度为1600℃-1750℃。
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