CN108404019A - 复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108404019A CN108404019A CN201810392491.7A CN201810392491A CN108404019A CN 108404019 A CN108404019 A CN 108404019A CN 201810392491 A CN201810392491 A CN 201810392491A CN 108404019 A CN108404019 A CN 108404019A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品及其制备方法。提供了一种应用于高尿酸血症人群的嘌呤代谢紊乱及防治高尿酸血症并发症的产品。本发明采用的是天然药食两用植物菊苣根、栀子、高良姜,精提其主剂,与柠檬酸钠科学配比制成,不含任何人工合成物质,为全天然型。服食后可增强人体嘌呤代谢，进行机体脏器调节，有利于使患者的疼痛、红热症状等得以改善，逐渐调节身体各器官间的运作情况，调节受损的机体内分泌。本发明工艺简单，成本低，易于获得有效部位，适用于工业化生产，可用于制备成改善高尿酸血症人群的嘌呤代谢紊乱及防治高尿酸血症并发症的食品、药物或保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品保健技术领域，具体是一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着社会生活水平的提升，人们的饮食结构也在发生着巨大的变化。人们对高糖、高蛋白、高嘌呤类食物的摄取与日俱增，导致机体在吸收营养的同时也在使机体脏器进行着高负荷的运转。因此，各类代谢性疾病的发生率呈现出逐年上升的趋向。
高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia，HUA)是一组以遗传性和(或)获得性引起尿酸排泄减少和(或)体内嘌呤代谢障碍，导致血尿酸增高的一种疾病[C.Remedios，M.Shah，A.G.Bhasker，et al.Hyperuricemia:a Reality in the Indian Obese[J].OBES SURG，2012，22:945－948.]。随着人们生活水平提高和生活方式改变，高尿酸血症的发病率在逐年升高(10％以上)，但是高尿酸血症的早期无症状，仅有血尿酸持续性或波动性增高，从血尿酸升高至症状出现的时间可长达数年至数十年[于磊.从血浊论治原发性无症状性高尿酸血症的临床研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学，2009.]；且大多数人对高尿酸血症的认知度较低，对饮食相关知识知晓率更低[陈志明，何晓琴.健康教育对高尿酸血症患者干预效果评价[J].浙江预防医学，2010，22(10):82－83.]，所以往往不被重视。
现今随着生活方式的改变，机体产生的尿酸增多，在肾功能正常的人体，可能通过增加尿尿酸的排泄和增加尿酸池的容量(组织沉积)来代偿。长期代偿会导致肾功能损伤，代偿能力下降，尿尿酸的排泄量减少，组织的沉积增多。此时，需要依靠药物的治疗来抑制尿酸的生成或促进尿酸的排泄。
国内外大量流行病学和临床研究显示，高尿酸血症不仅是单一常见的代谢性疾病，其与高血压、冠心病、动脉硬化、心力衰竭、心肌梗死以及脑卒中等众多心脑血管疾病密切相关，还会累及肾脏、肝脏、关节等人体器官组织，甚至是其独立的危险因素[郭立新.无症状高尿酸血症合并心血管疾病诊治建议中国专家共识解读[J].中国实用内科杂志，2011，31(4):271－273.]。因此，通过对高尿酸血症危害性的分析，提醒广大民众以及医护人员，认识到高尿酸血症药物治疗的必要性是当务之急。
由于限嘌呤膳食只能轻微地降低UA，对血UA高的高尿酸血症患者，单独选择限嘌呤膳食，其作用是有限的。因此，需应用降尿酸的药物[刘萍莉，张程立.无症状性高尿酸血症诊断及治疗[J].中
国医学文摘·内科学，2002，4:27.]:
①降低尿酸要将血UA水平维持在尿酸结晶饱和点以下(6mg/dL或360μmol/L)，别嘌呤醇是有效抑制尿酸生成的药物，应从小剂量开始(100mg/d)；但有过敏性皮炎，肝功能损害，急性肝细胞坏死，上消化道出血，骨髓抑制等不良反应，治疗无症状高尿酸血症不推荐。
②促进尿酸排泄的可用苯磺唑酮(痛风利仙)，但肾功能减退者禁用。
③有痛风石沉积，而肾功能减退不显著者，可以合并应用以上两类药物，或用“通益风宁”片(含别嘌呤醇和痛风利仙)。
④非布索坦(Feluxostat)[Becker MA，Schumacher HR，Wortmann RL，etal.Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia andgout[J].N Engl J Med，2005，353(23):2450－2461.]是一种新的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂，已在欧美各国应用，但其公司声称该药不推荐用于无症状的高尿酸血症。
⑤高尿酸血症合并有高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、尿路感染、肾衰等，除依据病因治疗外，要考虑加用降UA的药物；二甲双胍、阿托伐他汀、非诺贝特、氯沙坦、氨氯地平在降糖、调脂、降压的同时，均有不同程度的降尿酸作用，可选择应用，但不宜久用。因此，在治疗2型糖尿病这样的复杂性疾病上，与化学药物相比，中药有着无可比拟的优势。
目前，临床上治疗无症状高尿酸血症仍缺乏安全、有效的理想药物。
高尿酸血症为生化检查发现，中医学上虽无专门针对“高尿酸血症”的记载，但该病发展至中后期引发的“痛风”归属于中医“痹证”、“历节”、“脚气病”等病范畴[Chen LY，Zhu WH，Chen ZW，et al.Relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolicsyndrome[J].JZUS－B，2007，8:593－598.－郭静，王少杰.无症状高尿酸血症的饮食调理与中医辩治思路[J].北京中医药大学学报，2010，33(11):786－788.]。中医历来重视疾病的预防，提出了“圣人不治已病治未病”的思想。时代的变迁将中医学推向了新的前沿，随着人类生活环境的改变，环境污染、不良生活方式以及情志内伤已成为新的致病因素，疾病谱的改变，无症状疾病的大量出现，中医依靠望、闻、问、切四诊已无法满足临床诊断的需要，应密切结合西医临床检查的结果进行诊断，积极开展对高尿酸血症的中医治疗，发挥中医药优势。
因此，以“人是有机整体”的观念，从中西医临床实际出发，结合相关研究进展，运用天然药食两用植物，从调节内分泌环境角度防治高尿酸血症的新思路。按照患者临床症状和体质间存在的差异，具体选取调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的天然药食两用植物进行机体脏器调节，有利于使患者的疼痛、红热症状等得以改善，逐渐调节身体各器官间的运作情况，还能够明显达到温阳、通络等疗效，有助于提升防治效果。
复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱固体产品：其采用的是天然药食两用植物菊苣根、栀子、高良姜,精提其主剂,与柠檬酸钠科学配比制成,不含任何人工合成物质,为全天然型。因此，研究嘌呤代谢紊乱的制品是当今社会共同关注的重点。综上所述，开发药食同源的天然改善嘌呤代谢紊乱制品将有着极其广阔的前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，进而提供一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品及其制备方法，作用于防治高尿酸血症人群的嘌呤代谢紊乱及防治高尿酸血症并发症。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品，以菊苣根、栀子、高良姜、精提物为主要原料，配以柠檬酸钠混合制成，其中各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根9-30份栀子9-30份高良姜9-30份柠檬酸钠0.5-3份。
进一步的，各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根9-15份栀子9-15份高良姜9-15份柠檬酸钠1-2份。
进一步的，各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根15份栀子15份高良姜15份柠檬酸钠2份。
一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品的制备方法，
a、取菊苣根、栀子、高良姜粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍。
b、将蒸馏水加热至100℃，加入放有菊苣根、栀子、高良姜解吸粉的提取罐中，滤提二次，每次5min，合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用。
c、取备用粉末，用柠檬酸钠、糊精适量进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
本发明的有益效果是：通过采用本发明的技术方案，选用药食同源的天然食用植物为原料，各组分符合食药政法规定，利用各味的综合作用调节人体嘌呤代谢平衡，改善受损的机体内分泌代谢紊乱。无化学添加剂，对人体无毒无害。
本发明工艺简单，成本低，易于获得营养成分部位，适用于工业化生产，可用于制备成调节人体嘌呤代谢平衡，改善受损的机体内分泌代谢紊乱的药物、食品或保健品的应用。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明做进一步的详细说明：本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
本实施例所涉及的一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品，以菊苣根、栀子、高良姜、精提物为主要原料，配以柠檬酸钠混合制成，其中各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根9-30份栀子9-30份高良姜9-30份柠檬酸钠0.5-3份。
优选的，各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根9-15份栀子9-15份高良姜9-15份柠檬酸钠1-2份。
优选的，各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根15份栀子15份高良姜15份柠檬酸钠2份。
一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品的制备方法，
a、取菊苣根、栀子、高良姜粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍。
b、将蒸馏水加热至100℃，加入放有菊苣根、栀子、高良姜解吸粉的提取罐中，滤提二次，每次5min，合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用。
c、取备用粉末，用柠檬酸钠、糊精或可溶性淀粉适量进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
本发明复合固体制品的一个重要特点是制品中含有丰富的营养成分部位，其中菊苣根中所含的绿原酸、秦皮甲素、菊苣酸是良好的降尿酸活性成分，安全性较好，其发挥药效的机制可能与抑制XOD、ADA活性有关；栀子中含有栀子苷和西红花苷类化合物，具有部分通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性从而降低血清尿酸水平，并可能存在其他降尿酸途径；高良姜中含有的黄酮类、挥发油和二芳基庚烷类物质等，具有显著的黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)抑制剂的作用。还具有抗溃疡、抗腹泻、调节肠运动、利胆、抗痛、抗炎、抗缺氧、抗凝、抗血栓形成等作用。
本发明复合固体制品营养成分部位经初步食用验明：可增强人体嘌呤代谢，进行机体脏器调节，有利于使患者的疼痛、红热症状等得以改善，逐渐调节身体各器官间的运作情况，调节受损的机体内分泌，因此，可开发成防治高尿酸血症的药物、食品或保健品的应用。
高尿酸血症(HUA)是指在正常嘌呤饮食状态下，非同日两次空腹血尿酸水平男性高于420μmol/L，女性高于360μmol/L，即称为高尿酸血症。
1.高尿酸血症的标准
正常嘌呤饮食状态下，非同日两次空腹血尿酸水平男>416.5μmol/L或女>357μmol/L。
2.高尿酸血症的分型诊断
分型诊断有助于发现高尿酸血症的病因，给予针对性治疗。高尿酸血症患者低嘌呤饮食5天后，留取24小时尿检测尿尿酸水平。
(1)尿酸排泄不良型尿酸排泄少于2.86μmol/(kg·h)，尿酸清除率小于6.2ml/min。
(2)尿酸生成过多型尿酸排泄大于3μmol/(kg·h)，尿酸清除率大于或等于6.2ml/min。
(3)混合型尿酸排泄超过3μmol/(kg·kh)，尿酸清除率小于6.2ml/min。
考虑到肾功能对尿酸排泄的影响，以肌酐清除率校正，根据尿酸清除率/肌酐清除率比值对高尿酸血症分型如下：>10％为尿酸生成过多型；<5％为尿酸排泄不良型；5％～10％为混合型。
随机血尿酸用血尿酸仪
市面上的尿酸仪和血糖仪，都属于毛细血管检测。不论是自己测还是到医院，仅凭毛细血管检测都不能用于诊断，而其精度与医院静脉血检测也有一定偏差。
当患者血尿酸水平越高，尿酸仪测试出现误差的概率也会相应增大，最高可到200左右，不过实际上这一问题并不影响尿酸仪的真正存在价值——疗效观察与用药监控。
高尿酸血症患者服用产品前后(7天后)尿酸值(umol/l)的变化
| A服用前 | B服用后 | |
| 780 | 520 | |
| 630 | 530 | |
| 850 | 560 | |
| 650 | 480 | |
| 770 | 392 | |
| 700 | 480 | |
| 630 | 480 | |
| 790 | 390 | |
| 860 | 570 | |
| 740 | 520 | |
| 710 | 495 | |
| 560 | 465 | |
| 540 | 360 | |
| 680 | 605 | |
| 610 | 460 | 1.80229E-07 |
研究结果说明了复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱固体制品可有效的改善人体嘌呤代谢调节紊乱降低血尿酸水平(P<0.01)；
复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱固体制品是药食同源的天然调节人体嘌呤代谢平衡，改善受损的机体内分泌代谢紊乱，将有着极其广阔的前景。
本品中菊苣根、栀子、高良姜的营养成分及柠檬酸钠的生理功能：
1.为菊科植物毛菊苣Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Hout及菊苣Cichoriumintybus L.干燥的根。秋季采挖，除去杂质，晒干。
菊苣含有水分(94.18％)、可溶性固形物(4.43％)、维生素C(22.8mg/100g)、粗蛋白(2.02％)、十七种氨基酸(1.34g/100g)，锌(0.310mg/kg)、钙(73.8mg/100g)、有机硒(0.0026mg/100g)、每100克菊苣干物质中含果糖(5.247mg)、葡萄糖(2.181mg)、蔗糖(0.651mg)以及龙胆酸(33.522mg)、绿原酸(25.331mg)、芦丁(17.431mg)、咖啡酸(14.700mg)、儿茶素(6.904mg)、水杨酸(6.852mg)、表儿茶素(6.011mg)、香草酸(4.396mg)、槲皮素(4.345mg)、丁香酸(2.267mg)等。热量有71.2千焦。数据显示，菊苣“长生菜”是一种食用价值很高的蔬菜。
菊苣中含有马栗树皮素、马栗树皮甙、野莴苣甙、山莴苣素、山莴苣苦素、α-山莴苣醇、17种氨基酸、β-胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素C和钙、钾、钠、硒、锌等多种微量元素以及益生元(益生元(Prebiotics)是指不易被消化的食品成分，通过选择性的刺激一种或几种细菌的生长与活性而对寄主产生有益的影响，从而改善寄主健康的物质。益生元主要包括各种寡糖类物质(Oligosaccharides)或称低聚糖(由2～10个分子单糖组成)。更概括的说法是功能性低聚糖。)等营养价值极高的成分。如此多的营养成分使得菊苣具有同步调节血脂、血糖、血尿酸，即改善人体内分泌紊乱的独特药理活性，同时可有效改善人体菌群分布，调节肠胃功能、清肠通便、降火润燥、纤体护肤、增强人体免疫力等，对心脑血管硬化、营养不良性贫血等疾病有一定的防护作用，并且也是解酒解荤腻的首选佳品。
菊苣根含菊糖及芳香族物质，促进人体消化器官活动，具有清热解毒，利尿消肿，健胃，降糖、降脂、降尿酸等功效。多项研究实验表明，菊苣根具有调血脂和降尿酸的功能，对高尿酸三酰甘油血症具有很好的调节作用，并且可明显改善由高嘌呤饮食引发的高尿酸血症及腹型肥胖。其作用机制可能是通过降低肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶以及黄嘌呤氧化酶活性，从而发挥综合调节尿酸及腹部脂肪堆积的作用。菊苣根是一种兼具食用和药用两种功用的特殊植物，现已被卫生部列为“药食同源类”食品，同时被国家营养联盟专家誉为绿色“健康之王”。已有研究证明菊苣根有效组分可显著降低由高血糖引发的尿酸、血糖升高，并综合调节脂、糖、尿酸交互紊乱的作用。菊苣根提取物可明显改善由高嘌呤饮食引发的高尿酸血症及腹型肥胖，从而发挥综合调节尿酸及腹部脂肪堆积的作用。
为方便食用，菊苣根已被制成代茶饮进入我们的生活。将菊苣根烘干切碎，炒制成菊苣根茶，也叫蓝菊根茶，更加方便每天食用，如果是日常预防，可以每天10g泡水饮用，如果是辅助治疗降血脂，降尿酸，每天保证10-20g。
2.栀子(Garadenia jasminoides)，亦称黄栀子、山栀、红枝子等，是茜草科的一种常绿灌木，主产于江西、浙江、湖南等地。栀子果实系传统中药，亦属卫生部颁布的第一批药食两用资源，具有护肝、利胆、降压、止血、清热等作用。栀子的可利用部分主要为栀子果实和栀子花，栀子果实的化学成分复杂，主要包括藏花素类、甙类和多元酚类，此外还含有果胶、甘露醇以及Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu等20多种微量元素；栀子花含栀子精油，是提炼栀子香精的主要原料。
中药栀子的果实是有食用价值的，吃起来味道就如同蜂蜜一样甜美。中药栀子果实中有苹果酸和维生素等营养成分，更可贵的是还有丰富的锌和硒元素。他们都是高营养物质，给予人体基本营养补充。
栀子的食疗作用
有护肝作用，能减轻氯化碳所致肝损伤，减轻肝细胞的变性和坏死。能增加胆汁分泌，促进胆汁排泄；减少胃分泌，促进胃肠蠕动；还有镇静、镇痛、抗炎、抗菌的作用；此外有降血压、降低心肌收缩力，使心率减慢，血管扩张。抗炎。栀子苷可抑制炎症早期水肿、渗出及炎症晚期的组织增生和肉芽组织生成，特别是可抵抗脑部炎症。
解热镇痛。栀子苷可有效抑制醋酸诱发的扭体痛苦反应，显示出镇痛作用；明显升高对热板刺激的痛阈；有镇静作用，还可明显延长异戊巴比妥钠对睡眠时间的影响。
保肝利胆。栀子苷可有效保肝，增加胆汁流量，降低胆汁内胆固醇含量，阻止胆固醇结石形成。
保护神经系统。栀子苷通过抑制脑缺血损伤后致炎因子及血浆中血管性假血友病因子表达，发挥对继发性脑损伤的保护作用。栀子提取物京尼平苷能延长群体接触时间，有抗焦虑活性。京尼平能保护神经，且有潜在的抗阿尔茨海默病作用。
保护心血管系统。栀子乙醇提取物可治疗动脉粥样硬化。藏红花酸可降低血清中肌酸激酶和乳酸盐脱氢酶活性，缓解心肌顿抑，改善心肌缺血、防止心肌梗死。栀子中西红花苷及其代谢物藏红花酸可抑制胰脂酶活性，显著降低血清三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，降低血脂。京尼平苷及其代谢产物京尼平能抑制磷脂酸酶的活性，抵抗血栓。
目前临床上将栀子用于痛风疾病的治疗也较多，有文献报道栀子提取物具有降低氧嗪酸钾诱导的小鼠高尿酸的作用[朱继孝,曾金祥,罗光明,等.栀子降尿酸有效部位研究.中国实验方剂学杂志,2012,18(14)∶160～161.，朱继孝,朱玉野,罗光明,等.栀子提取物降低小鼠急性高尿酸血症血尿酸水平及机理研究.安徽农业科学,2011,39(36)∶22317～22318,22324.]。3.高良姜
高良姜营养成分
| 热量 | 169千卡 | 硫胺素 | 0毫克 | 钙 | 75毫克 |
| 蛋白质 | 10.9克 | 核黄素 | 0.31毫克 | 镁 | 0毫克 |
| 脂肪 | 5.7克 | 烟酸 | 0毫克 | 铁 | 0.5毫克 |
| 碳水化合物 | 18.6克 | 维生素C | 0毫克 | 锰 | 36毫克 |
| 膳食纤维 | 43.3克 | 维生素E | 3.65毫克 | 锌 | 4.99毫克 |
| 维生素A | 0微克 | 胆固醇 | 0毫克 | 铜 | 0.62毫克 |
| 胡罗卜素 | 8.8微克 | 钾 | 87毫克 | 磷 | 8毫克 |
| 视黄醇 | 12.7微克 | 钠 | 7.5毫克 | 硒 | 12.6微克 |
高良姜营养成分：这里为高良姜中100克可食部的营养素含量。
食部：为每100克食品的可食用部分(不可食用部分包括皮、籽等等)。
含量：为100克食部(即可食用部分)的营养素含量。
高良姜营养分析：根茎含有高良姜素(Galangin)、山柰(Kaempferide)槲皮素(Quercetin)及挥发油。油的主要成分为1,8-桉叶素(1,8-Cineole)和桂皮酸甲脂(Methylcinnamate)。高良姜的辛辣成分为高良姜酚(Galangol)。有温脾胃、祛风寒、行气止痛的作用。
高良姜食疗作用：该品味辛，性温。归脾、胃经。芳辣温散。温中散寒，理气止痛。主治脘腹冷痛，呕吐呃逆，泄泻痢疾，寒疝，脚气，噎膈。
药理作用
(1).对消化系统的作用实验表明：高良姜煎剂给犬灌胃，能使胃液总酸排出量较对照组有明显升高，但对胃蛋白活力无明显影响。给小鼠灌胃，能显著对抗阿托品抑制墨汁胃肠推进率，并能对抗番泻叶引起的泻下作用，但不能对抗蓖麻油的泻下作用。番泻叶为刺激大肠性泻药，而蓖麻油为刺激小肠性泻药，多数温里药对刺激大肠性腹泻有止泻作用。有报告指出，高良姜水煎剂对离体兔肠管运动有兴奋作用，小剂量可对抗六烃季铵和阿托品，较大剂量能对抗肾上腺素和心得安抑制离体兔空肠活动，对苯海拉明则不能对抗。提示高良姜兴奋肠管活动作用可能与胆碱能神经和M-受体无关，而可能与其具有组胺样和抗肾上腺素样作用有关。
(2).抗菌作用在试管内，高良姜对人型结核杆菌有抑制作用。体外实验证明：高良姜煎液(100％)对炭疽杆菌、α-溶血性链球菌、β-溶血性链球菌、白喉杆菌、假白喉杆菌、肺炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、柠檬色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等均有不同程度的抗菌作用。
(3).其他作用高良姜水提取物或挥发油给大鼠灌胃，均有抗血栓作用；能使白陶土部分凝血活酶时间明显延长，但对血浆凝血酶原时间、凝血酶原消耗时间、凝血酶时间、Ⅴ因子、Ⅶ因子等均无明显影响，表明其参与内源性凝血系统，具有一定的抗凝作用。水提取物能明显抑制ADP或胶原诱导的兔血小板聚集。
高良姜煎剂能显著延迟小鼠痛觉(热板法)反应时间。其镇痛作用可能与其抑制前列腺素合成酶系和磷酸酯酶系有关.
高良姜醚提取物和水提取物能显著延长断头小鼠张口动作持续时间和氰化钾中毒小鼠的存活时间；但对亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠的存活时间无影响。醚提取物能延长常压密闭缺氧小鼠的存活时间和减慢机体耗氧速度；水提取物对常压密闭缺氧小鼠的存活时间无延长作用，但能提高小鼠在低氧条件下的氧利用能力。
(1)温中止痛作用：
高良姜水提物和醚提物能显著对抗小鼠水浸应激型溃疡和大鼠盐酸损伤性溃疡；水提物对小鼠胃肠道推进有明显抑制，两种提取物都能显著对抗蓖麻油引起的腹泻，其水提物还对番泻叶引起的腹泻有效。水提物有协同转氨酶升高作用。两种提取物对麻醉大鼠均有明显利胆作用，醚提物作用较强。在热极法和乙酸扭体试验中，两种提取物都有明显镇痛作用。
(2)对微循环的影响：高良姜为芳香温痛类中药，对心绞痛具有快速止痛作用，对轻度使肾上腺素引起的微动脉血流停止或减慢有推迟作用。对管径收缩时间有推迟作用。在对给肾上腺素10分钟后使管径有恢复作用(对照组继续收缩)，还有对微动脉轻度收缩作用。
(3)对缺氧和受寒小鼠的影响：给小鼠灌胃高良姜醚提物和水提物都能延长断头小鼠张口动作持续时间和KCN中毒小鼠的存活时间，但不影响NaNO2中毒小鼠存活时间。醚提物还能延长常压密闭缺氧小鼠的存活时间和减慢机体耗氧速度，其水提物不延长常压密闭缺氧小鼠的存活时间，但能提高小鼠在低氧条件下的氧利用能力。两种提取物对受寒小鼠的存活时间均无影响。
另外，高良姜素,可降低高尿酸血症小鼠的血尿酸浓度,其作用机制可能是通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性减少尿酸生成。
高良姜为姜科植物高良姜的干燥根茎，主要含黄酮类、挥发油和二芳基庚烷类化合物。有报道显示，高良姜还有显著的黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)抑制剂的作用，而XOD是催化人体嘌呤类物质代谢成尿酸的关键酶，抑制其活性可以降低体内尿酸浓度，治疗高尿酸血症[戴立珍.中草药中黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂的筛选及制剂研究[D].武汉：武汉工程大学，2010]，[QuanH，KaQ，FengZ.Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunc～tion viamitochondrialNa+/Ca2+exchanger－mediated mitochondrial calcium overload[J].Cell Calcium，2012，51(50)：402～410]。
4.柠檬酸钠
柠檬酸钠可以作为一种食品添加剂，可以使食品调味，使食品更加好吃，口感好，柠檬酸钠本身也有一定的营养成分，添加到食品里可以增加食品的营养，柠檬酸钠是国家允许使用的食品添加剂。
柠檬酸钠毕竟是一种有机化合物，为一种钠盐，很多人担心吃了会对人体有害，其实不然，柠檬酸钠是一种碱性的物质，常吃可以平衡人体酸碱度，是人体处于一个正常的ph值范围，还有碱性对缓解人体运动后的疲劳很有好处。柠檬酸钠是可以食用的。具有以下优良性能：
(1)安全无毒性能。由于制备柠檬酸钠的原料基本来源于粮食，因而绝对安全可靠，对人类健康不会产生危害。联合国粮农与世界卫生组织对其每日摄人量不作任何限制，可认为该品属于无毒品。
(2)具有生物降解性。柠檬酸钠经自然界大量的水稀释后，部分变成柠檬酸，两者共存于同一体系中。柠檬酸在水中经氧、热、光、细菌以及微生物的作用，很容易发生生物降解。其分解途径一般是经乌头酸、衣康酸、柠康酸酑，转变为二氧化碳和水。
(3)具有金属离子络合能力。柠檬酸钠对Ca2+、Mg2+等金属离子具有良好的络合能力，对其他金属离子，如Fe2+等离子也有很好的络合能力。
(4)极好的溶解性能，并且溶解性随水温升高而增加。
(5)具有良好的pH调节及缓冲性能。柠檬酸钠是一种弱酸强碱盐，与柠檬酸配伍可组成较强的pH缓冲剂，因此在某些不适宜pH大范围变化的场合有其重要用处。另外，柠檬酸钠注射时和甲盐一样，用于矫正血液、体液及尿液的酸度，作为利尿剂、化痰剂等。
本发明的制备方法制备得到的有效部位明确、纯度高。整个制备方法中除食用白酒外，没有使用其他有机溶剂，环保无污染。整个生产过程易于实现产业化大生产。
体外、体内药效学试验和初步的临床试验均表明，按本发明制备方法制得的高良姜有效部位具有明显的降尿酸作用。对于高尿酸血症或痛风患者具有很好的效果。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式，而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (4)
1.一种复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品，以菊苣根、栀子、高良姜、精提物为主要原料，配以柠檬酸钠混合制成，其中各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根9-30份 栀子9-30份 高良姜9-30份 柠檬酸钠0.5-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品，各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根9-15份 栀子9-15份 高良姜9-15份 柠檬酸钠1-2份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品，各种原料的重量配比为：菊苣根15份 栀子15份 高良姜15份 柠檬酸钠2份。
4.复方菊苣根调节嘌呤代谢紊乱的固体制品的制备方法，
a、取菊苣根、栀子、高良姜粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍；
b、将蒸馏水加热至100℃，加入放有菊苣根、栀子、高良姜解吸粉的提取罐中，滤提二次，每次5min，合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用；
c、取备用粉末，用柠檬酸钠、糊精适量进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
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