CN108375713B - Novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method and system - Google Patents
Novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method and system Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method and system. Recording the time of a fault point generating a transient traveling wave signal to reach each transformer substation after a certain power transmission line in a power grid fails, and establishing a time matrix; calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, establishing a shortest path distance matrix, and correcting to obtain a calculation matrix; calculating the fault distance by using the calculation matrix and the time matrix, and establishing a fault distance matrix; and identifying the effectiveness of elements in the fault distance matrix, and synthesizing all effective fault distances to obtain the accurate position of a fault point on the transmission line. The system comprises a traveling wave detection device, a first construction module, a double-end positioning module, a second construction module and an effective identification module. The method and the system have the advantages that the fault positioning precision is high; under the conditions of missed mining and mistaken mining of traveling wave data, accurate fault positioning can still be realized, the realization process is simple and easy, and the method has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system fault traveling wave positioning, in particular to a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method and system.
Background
The traveling wave fault location method of the power transmission and distribution system is to determine the distance of fault points according to the reflection characteristics of wave impedance discontinuous nodes on the transmission line, and the power grid fault traveling wave location and protection are key technologies for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power system.
Through the continuous efforts of many experts and scholars at home and abroad, the traveling wave positioning technology is mature day by day, but the traveling wave positioning technology of the alternating current power grid has many defects. At present, a plurality of power grid fault traveling wave positioning technologies exist, and the power grid fault traveling wave positioning technologies can be divided into a single-end positioning method, a multi-end positioning method, a network positioning method and the like according to the collected positions. According to the single-end positioning method, under the condition that the wave velocity is known according to the wave transmission theory, the position of a fault point is calculated by using the time difference between the initial traveling wave generated by the fault and the time difference between the reflected wave of the fault point and the arrival of the reflected wave at the monitoring point, and the multi-end positioning method is to detect the initial traveling wave generated by the fault at two ends of a line and calculate the fault distance by using the time difference between the traveling wave and the wave velocity of the traveling wave arriving at the two ends. However, in some of the currently disclosed solutions in the traveling wave fault location research results, fault location can be effectively implemented in a power grid with a simple network structure, but when the power grid structure is relatively complex, especially when the power grid structure faces a multi-ring network structure, the network structure is difficult to effectively simplify, so that the ring network is complex in network disconnection operation, large in data processing amount, low in operation precision, and large in fault location error.
In conclusion, the traveling wave fault location scheme in the prior art has the technical problem that fault points cannot be accurately located when complex power grid structures such as a multi-ring power grid are faced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method and system, and aims to solve the technical problem that fault points cannot be accurately positioned when complex power grid structures such as a multi-ring network power grid and the like exist in a traveling wave fault positioning scheme in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method comprises the following steps:
recording the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point in the target area power grid reaching all the transformer substations, and establishing a time matrix T;
calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm (Dijkstra algorithm, also called Dijkstra algorithm), establishing a shortest path distance matrix L, and obtaining a calculation matrix L' after correction;
sequentially selecting shortest paths from the calculation matrix L', selecting corresponding time elements from the time matrix T, and calculating the fault distance d by using a double-end positioning algorithm in a traveling wave positioning methodij；
Judging a fault power transmission line according to the action of a breaker of a protection device, selecting a node c at one end of the fault power transmission line as a reference node, and separating all fault distances dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijUsing all of said converted fault distances d'ijEstablishing a fault distance matrix D;
calculating all converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out effectiveness identification, setting weights for all non-0 effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W, synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc。
Preferably, the step of establishing the time matrix T includes establishing the following time matrix T:
T＝[t1…ti…tn]
in the formula: n is the number of the transformer stations, t1,t2…ti…tnRespectively representing the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point to reach the transformer substations 1,2 … i … n;
the step of establishing the shortest path distance matrix L specifically comprises the following steps:
assuming that n nodes are in total in the power grid topological structure chart, selecting the line length as a weight, and constructing a weighting matrix V:
wherein:
in the formula: lijIndicates the length of the line between node i and node j (please specify v)ijDefinition of (1);
according to the line length in the weighting matrix V, calculating the shortest path between any two nodes by adopting a Dijkstra algorithm to obtain a shortest path distance matrix L:
in the formula: l isijAnd the length sum of the routes which are passed by the shortest route between the node i and the node j is shown.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the calculation matrix L' after the correction specifically includes the steps of:
the shortest path distance moment L is a symmetric matrix, and each shortest path is a non-directional path, Lij＝LjiTo avoid repeated calculation, let L be when i < jij＝0；
When the fault line is not in the ring network, all shortest path elements L which do not pass through the fault line are processedijThe correction is 0, and other elements do not need to be corrected;
when the fault line is in the ring network, the fault line is corrected according to the following steps:
① if shortest path element LijWhen the shortest path has a line in the ring network, judging whether the shortest path contains the fault line, if so, the shortest path does not need to be corrected, otherwise, disconnecting the shortest path from the line in the ring network, and turning to step ④;
② if shortest path element LijWhen one of the nodes i and j is a fault line end node, correcting the element to be 0; otherwise, the shortest judgment is madeIf the path includes a faulty line, the path does not need to be corrected if the faulty line is included, and if the faulty line is not included, the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network, and the step ④ is executed;
③ if shortest path element LijWhen the shortest path has no line in the ring network, correcting the element to be 0; when the shortest path is matched with the arrival time of the corresponding initial traveling wave for calculation, the fault distance is approximately 0 or approximately equal to the shortest path LijWhen it is long, will LijIf not, the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network, and go to step ④;
④, recalculating the shortest path between two nodes i and j by Dijkstra algorithm until the shortest path contains the shortest path of the fault line, and taking the shortest path containing the fault line as the element L after the calculation is finishedijA value of (d);
and obtaining a calculation matrix L' after all the elements are corrected.
Preferably, the step of calculating the fault distance d by using a double-end positioning algorithm in the traveling wave positioning methodijThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
finding dij：
In the formula: dijIndicating the distance, L, of the point of failure from node i on the shortest path line between node i and node jijAnd v represents the propagation speed of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point on the transmission line.
Preferably, said step separates all the faults by a distance dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
get d'ij：
d′ij＝|dij-dic|
In the formula: dicRepresenting nodesThe shortest distance between i and node c.
Preferably, this step is applied to all the converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out effectiveness identification, setting weights for all non-0 effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W, synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance DcThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting a converted fault distance from the fault distance matrix D, and defining the converted fault distance as
Comparing the fault distance D ' with all converted fault distances D ' in a fault distance matrix D 'ijComparisons were made in turn as follows:
α is the error threshold value;
when the number satisfying the above formula is more than half of the number of the converted fault distances in the fault distance matrix D, the converted fault distance is considered
The method is effective; otherwise, the value is considered invalid and is replaced by a value of 0;
the weight calculation method of the non-zero elements in the fault distance matrix D comprises the following steps:
assuming that the number of passing substations in the shortest path corresponding to each effective element in the fault distance matrix D is m, the weight of the element can be set to be 1/(m-1), and a weight matrix W is obtained;
distance to failure dcThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: wijFor the effective element D of the distance to failure matrix DijThe weight of (c).
The invention also provides a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning system, which comprises:
the traveling wave detection devices are arranged in all substations in the target area power grid and are used for respectively recording the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point reaching each substation;
the first building module is used for building a time matrix T, calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, building a shortest path distance matrix L, and obtaining a calculation matrix L' after correction;
a double-end positioning operation module for selecting the shortest path from the calculation matrix L' in turn, selecting the corresponding time element from the time matrix T, and calculating the fault distance d by using a double-end positioning algorithm in the traveling wave positioning methodij；
The second construction module is used for judging the fault power transmission line according to the action of the breaker of the protection device, selecting one end node c of the fault power transmission line as a reference node and setting all fault distances dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijUsing all of said converted fault distances d'ijEstablishing a fault distance matrix D;
a valid identification module for converting all the converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out effectiveness identification, setting weights for all non-0 effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W, synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc。
Preferably, the first building block is configured to:
the following time matrix T is established:
T＝[t1…ti…tn]
in the formula: n is the number of the transformer stations, t1,t2…ti…tnRespectively representing the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point to reach the transformer substations 1,2 … i … n;
assuming that n nodes are in total in the power grid topological structure chart, selecting the line length as a weight, and constructing a weighting matrix V:
wherein:
in the formula: lijIndicates the length of the line between node i and node j (please specify v)ijDefinition of (1);
according to the line length in the weighting matrix V, calculating the shortest path between any two nodes by adopting a Dijkstra algorithm to obtain a shortest path distance matrix L:
in the formula: l isijRepresenting the sum of the lengths of the routes of the shortest paths between the node i and the node j;
the shortest path distance moment L is a symmetric matrix, and each shortest path is a non-directional path, Lij＝LjiTo avoid repeated calculation, let L be when i < jij＝0；
When the fault line is not in the ring network, all shortest path elements L which do not pass through the fault line are processedijThe correction is 0, and other elements do not need to be corrected;
when the fault line is in the ring network, the fault line is corrected according to the following steps:
① if shortest path element LijWhen the shortest path has a line in the ring network, judging whether the shortest path contains the fault line, if so, the shortest path does not need to be corrected, otherwise, disconnecting the shortest path from the line in the ring network, and turning to step ④;
② if shortest path element LijWhen one of the nodes i and j is a fault line end node, correcting the element to be 0; otherwise, judging whether the shortest path containsIf the fault line is included, the correction is not needed, and if the fault line is not included, the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network, and the step ④ is switched;
③ if shortest path element LijWhen the shortest path has no line in the ring network, correcting the element to be 0; when the shortest path is matched with the arrival time of the corresponding initial traveling wave for calculation, the fault distance is approximately 0 or approximately equal to the shortest path LijWhen it is long, will LijIf not, the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network, and go to step ④;
④, recalculating the shortest path between two nodes i and j by Dijkstra algorithm until the shortest path contains the shortest path of the fault line, and taking the shortest path containing the fault line as the element L after the calculation is finishedijA value of (d);
and obtaining a calculation matrix L' after all the elements are corrected.
Preferably, the double-end positioning operation module is used for solving dij：
In the formula: dijIndicating the distance, L, of the point of failure from node i on the shortest path line between node i and node jijThe sum of the lengths of the lines passing through the shortest path between the node i and the node j is represented, and v represents the propagation speed of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point on the power transmission line;
the second construction module is used for solving d'ij：
d′ij＝|dij-dic|
In the formula: dicRepresenting the shortest distance between node i and node c.
Preferably, the valid identification module is configured to:
selecting a converted fault distance from the fault distance matrix D, and defining the converted fault distance as
Comparing the fault distance D ' with all converted fault distances D ' in a fault distance matrix D 'ijComparisons were made in turn as follows:
wherein α is the error threshold, α is 550 meters, preferably 500 meters.
When the number satisfying the above formula is more than half of the number of the converted fault distances in the fault distance matrix D, the converted fault distance is considered
The method is effective; otherwise, the value is considered invalid and is replaced by a value of 0;
the weight calculation method of the non-zero elements in the fault distance matrix D comprises the following steps:
assuming that the number of passing substations in the shortest path corresponding to each effective element in the fault distance matrix D is m, the weight of the element can be set to be 1/(m-1), and a weight matrix W is obtained;
distance to failure dcThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: wijFor the effective element D of the distance to failure matrix DijThe weight of (c).
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method and system, after a certain power transmission line in a target area power grid has a fault, a fault point generates a transient traveling wave signal and transmits the transient traveling wave signal to two ends of the power transmission line, the arrival time of initial traveling waves generated by all transformer substation fault points is recorded, and a time matrix is established; calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, establishing a shortest path distance matrix, and correcting to obtain a calculation matrix; calculating the fault distance by using the calculation matrix and the time matrix, and establishing a fault distance matrix; the method and the system provided by the invention directly establish a fault distance matrix D by utilizing a calculation matrix L' and a time matrix T; the method and the system for locating the traveling wave of the power grid fault do not need to perform network disconnection operation on the looped network, avoid the situation that the complex looped network can not be disconnected, can also realize accurate location of the fault point in the face of a complex power grid structure, and solve the technical problems that the complex looped network disconnection operation needs to be faced and the fault location is invalid or the location error is large in the power grid fault traveling wave locating method in the prior art.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a typical model example of a 500KV transmission line grid structure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method, including:
and step S110, recording the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point in the target area power grid reaching all the substations, and establishing a time matrix T.
And step S111, calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, establishing a shortest path distance matrix L, and correcting to obtain a calculation matrix L'.
Step S112, sequentially selecting the shortest path from the calculation matrix L', selecting the corresponding time element from the time matrix T, and calculating the fault distance d by using a double-end positioning algorithm in the traveling wave positioning methodij。
Step S113, judging a fault power transmission line according to the action of a breaker of a protection device, selecting a node c at one end of the fault power transmission line as a reference node, and setting all fault distances dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijUsing all of said converted fault distances d'ijAnd establishing a fault distance matrix D.
Step S114, all the converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out effectiveness identification, setting weights for all non-0 effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W, synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc。
A specific embodiment of the novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method of the present invention is listed below, and this embodiment performs fault positioning on a power grid in a target area by using the power grid structure shown in fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows a typical model example of a 500KV transmission line grid structure.
Firstly, a traveling wave positioning network is constructed according to a power grid structure. The power grid structure model shown in the figure 2 is subjected to simulation analysis by adopting EMTP simulation software, wherein 1-8 are eight transformer substations, the arrival time of an initial traveling wave generated by a fault point is detected and recorded by using a transformer substation traveling wave detection device, the influence of factors such as transition resistance, transformer substation capacitive equipment, line parameters, a bus wiring mode, a wave trap and the like on fault traveling wave propagation is considered when the EMTP simulation model is constructed, and all lines are constructed by adopting a distributed parameter model (J.Marti model) considering frequency variation influence.
With the system shown in fig. 2, fault traveling wave positioning analysis is performed from two situations, namely, the initial traveling wave arrival time data of all fault points detected and recorded by the transformer substation are valid and invalid time data exists:
the fault traveling wave positioning analysis method when all time data are valid comprises the following steps:
(1) assuming that a single-phase earth fault occurs at a position of a line 4-6 km away from a 4 th transformer substation, an initial traveling wave generated by a fault point is transmitted in the whole power grid, and a time matrix T is established according to the arrival time of an initial traveling wave signal detected by each transformer substation:
T＝[t1…ti…t8]
matrix element t in the above formula1-t8The values of (a) are respectively corresponding to the initial traveling wave arrival time of the fault point recorded by the 1 st to 8 th substations in the table 1. Referring to table 1, table 1 is an initial traveling wave arrival time table.
TABLE 1
(2) Constructing a weighting matrix V according to the line length:
(3) calculating the shortest path between any two nodes by using Dijkstra algorithm and using LijAnd (3) representing the sum of the lengths of the routes of the shortest paths between the node i and the node j to obtain a shortest path distance matrix L:
(4) correcting elements of the shortest path matrix L to obtain a calculation matrix L':
(5) selecting the shortest path from the calculation matrix L', selecting the corresponding time from the time matrix T, and calculating the fault distance d according to a double-end positioning algorithmijThe traveling wave transmission speed is 2.96 multiplied by 108Meter/second, and taking the 4 th substation as a reference node, and separating all fault distances dijConverting to the reference node 4 to obtain a fault distance matrix D:
(6) calculating all converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijValidity identification is carried out, and the judgment result shows that all the converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijAre all effective.
(7) Setting weights for all effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W:
(8) synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc。
Simulation analysis results show that the fault distance of the power grid fault location is 30.020km, the fault distance error is smaller, and the fault distance error is smaller than the fault distance error calculated by only using the arrival time of the initial traveling waves at two ends of the fault line, which indicates that the fault location accuracy of the power grid can be improved to a certain extent.
The fault traveling wave positioning analysis for the recorded data of all arrival times with invalid time comprises the following two conditions:
a. and the error of the time for reaching the initial traveling wave recorded by the substation at one end of the fault line is large.
The error of the time for reaching the initial traveling wave recorded by the transformer substation 4 is assumed to be large and is t4And (4) keeping the arrival time of other initial traveling waves unchanged at 150 mu s, and analyzing: (1) - (4) the steps are the same as the steps (1) - (4) of fault location analysis when all the initial traveling wave arrival time data are valid; (5) the fault distance matrix D is updated according to the assumed conditions as follows:
(6) calculating all converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijAnd carrying out effectiveness identification, and correcting as follows:
(7) setting weights for all effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W as follows:
(8) synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc：
b. And the substation at one end of the fault line does not detect the arrival time of the initial traveling wave of the fault point.
Suppose that the substation 6 does not detect a travelling wave signal, at which time t6Assay procedure 0 μ s: (1) - (4) the steps are the same as the steps (1) - (4) of fault location analysis when all the initial traveling wave arrival time data are valid; (5) the fault distance matrix D is:
(6) for in the fault distance matrix DAll converted fault distances d'ijValidity identification is carried out, and the judgment result shows that all the converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijAre all effective.
(7) Setting weights for all effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W as follows:
(8) synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc：
The simulation analysis result shows that the method can still perform reliable fault positioning calculation when the data of the fault line end is wrong or the data of the initial traveling wave arrival time of the fault point is wrong when other transformer substations detect and record the fault point.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning system which comprises a traveling wave detection device, a first construction module, a double-end positioning module, a second construction module and an effective identification module.
The traveling wave detection devices are arranged in all substations in the target area power grid and are used for respectively recording the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point reaching each substation; the first building module is used for building a time matrix T, calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, building a shortest path distance matrix L, and obtaining a calculation matrix L' after correction; a double-end positioning operation module for selecting the shortest path from the calculation matrix L' in turn, selecting the corresponding time element from the time matrix T, and calculating the fault distance d by using a double-end positioning algorithm in the traveling wave positioning methodij(ii) a The second construction module is used for judging the fault power transmission line according to the action of the breaker of the protection device, selecting one end node c of the fault power transmission line as a reference node and setting all fault distances dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijUsing all of said converted fault distances d'ijEstablishing a fault distance matrix D; a valid identification module for converting all the converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out effectiveness identification, setting weights for all non-0 effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W, synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc。
In summary, according to the novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method and system provided by the invention, the fault distance matrix D is directly established by utilizing the calculation matrix L' and the time matrix T; the complex looped network structure does not need to be subjected to network disconnection operation, so that the situation that the complex looped network can not be disconnected is avoided, and the problems of complex looped network disconnection operation, failure in fault positioning, large positioning error and the like in the power grid fault traveling wave positioning method are solved; meanwhile, the algorithm can still realize accurate fault positioning by utilizing the traveling wave data of the whole network under the conditions of missed sampling and mistaken sampling of the traveling wave data through effective identification and correction of the fault distance, and the implementation process is simple and easy to implement and has wide application prospect.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
recording the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point in the target area power grid reaching all the transformer substations, and establishing a time matrix T;
calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, establishing a shortest path distance matrix L, and obtaining a calculation matrix L 'after correction, wherein the calculation matrix L' obtained after correction specifically comprises the following steps:
shortest path distanceThe distance L is a symmetric matrix and each shortest path is a non-directional path, Lij＝Lji，LijRepresenting the length sum of the route of the shortest path between the node i and the node j, and making L when i is less than j to avoid repeated calculationij0; when the fault line is not in the ring network, all shortest path elements L which do not pass through the fault line are processedijWhen the correction is 0, other elements do not need to be corrected, and when the fault line is in the ring network, the correction is carried out according to the following steps that ① if the element L of the shortest path isijWhen the shortest path has no line in the ring network, correcting the element to be 0, when the shortest path has line in the ring network, judging whether the shortest path contains the fault line, if so, the shortest path is not required to be corrected, otherwise, the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network, turning to the step ④, if so, the element L of the shortest path is ②ijWhen one of the nodes i and j is a fault line end node, the element is corrected to be 0, otherwise, whether the shortest path contains the fault line is judged, the shortest path does not need to be corrected when the fault line is contained, and the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network when the fault line is not contained, the step ④ is switched, and if the shortest path element L is not contained, the step ③ is switched toijWhen the shortest path has no line in the ring network, correcting the element to be 0; when the shortest path is matched with the arrival time of the corresponding initial traveling wave for calculation, the fault distance is approximately 0 or approximately equal to the shortest path LijWhen it is long, will LijCorrecting the element to be 0, otherwise disconnecting the shortest path from the line in the ring network, turning to step ④, ④ recalculating the shortest path between two nodes i and j by using Dijkstra algorithm until the shortest path contains the shortest path of the fault line, and taking the shortest path containing the fault line as the element L after the calculation is finishedijA value of (d); obtaining a calculation matrix L' after all elements are corrected;
sequentially selecting shortest paths from the calculation matrix L', selecting corresponding time elements from the time matrix T, and calculating fault distance by using a double-end positioning algorithm in a traveling wave positioning methoddij；
Judging a fault power transmission line according to the action of a breaker of a protection device, selecting a node c at one end of the fault power transmission line as a reference node, and separating all fault distances dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijUsing all of said converted fault distances d'ijEstablishing a fault distance matrix D;
calculating all converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out effectiveness identification, setting weights for all non-0 effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W, synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc。
2. The novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method according to claim 1, wherein the step of establishing the time matrix T includes establishing the following time matrix T:
T＝[t1…ti…tn]
in the formula: n is the number of the transformer stations, t1,t2…ti…tnRespectively representing the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point to reach the transformer substations 1,2 … i … n;
the step of establishing the shortest path distance matrix L specifically comprises the following steps:
assuming that n nodes are in total in the power grid topological structure chart, selecting the line length as a weight, and constructing a weighting matrix V:
wherein:
in the formula: lijIndicating the length of the line between nodes i and j, vijElements corresponding to the lengths of the nodes and the lines in the weighting matrix V;
according to the line length in the weighting matrix V, calculating the shortest path between any two nodes by adopting a Dijkstra algorithm to obtain a shortest path distance matrix L:
in the formula: l isijAnd the length sum of the routes which are passed by the shortest route between the node i and the node j is shown.
3. The novel traveling wave positioning method for power grid faults according to claim 2, characterized in that the step of calculating the fault distance d by using a double-end positioning algorithm in the traveling wave positioning methodijThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
finding dij：
In the formula: dijIndicating the distance, L, of the point of failure from node i on the shortest path line between node i and node jijThe sum of the lengths of the lines passing through the shortest path between the node i and the node j is represented, and v represents the propagation speed of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point on the power transmission line;
said step separating all faults by a distance dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
get d'ij：
d′ij＝|dij-dic|
In the formula: dicRepresenting the shortest distance between node i and node c.
4. The novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning method of claim 3, wherein the step is carried out on all converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out validity identification, setting weights for all non-0 valid elements in the fault distance matrix D,obtaining a weight matrix W, synthesizing a fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain an accurate fault distance DcThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting a converted fault distance from the fault distance matrix D, and defining the converted fault distance as
Comparing the fault distance D ' with all converted fault distances D ' in a fault distance matrix D 'ijComparisons were made in turn as follows:
α is the error threshold value;
when the number satisfying the above formula is more than half of the number of the converted fault distances in the fault distance matrix D, the converted fault distance is considered
The method is effective; otherwise, the value is considered invalid and is replaced by a value of 0;
the weight calculation method of the non-zero elements in the fault distance matrix D comprises the following steps: assuming that the number of passing substations in the shortest path corresponding to each effective element in the fault distance matrix D is m, the weight of the element can be set to be 1/(m-1), and a weight matrix W is obtained;
distance to failure dcThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: wijFor the effective element D of the distance to failure matrix DijThe weight of (c).
5. A novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning system is characterized by comprising:
the traveling wave detection devices are arranged in all substations in the target area power grid and are used for respectively recording the time of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point reaching each substation;
the first building module is used for building a time matrix T, calculating the shortest path of fault traveling wave propagation by utilizing a Dijkstra algorithm, building a shortest path distance matrix L, and obtaining a calculation matrix L 'after correction, wherein the calculation matrix L' obtained after correction specifically comprises the following steps:
the shortest path distance moment L is a symmetric matrix, and each shortest path is a non-directional path, Lij＝Lji，LijRepresenting the length sum of the route of the shortest path between the node i and the node j, and making L when i is less than j to avoid repeated calculationij0; when the fault line is not in the ring network, all shortest path elements L which do not pass through the fault line are processedijWhen the correction is 0, other elements do not need to be corrected, and when the fault line is in the ring network, the correction is carried out according to the following steps that ① if the element L of the shortest path isijWhen the shortest path has no line in the ring network, correcting the element to be 0, when the shortest path has line in the ring network, judging whether the shortest path contains the fault line, if so, the shortest path is not required to be corrected, otherwise, the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network, turning to the step ④, if so, the element L of the shortest path is ②ijWhen one of the nodes i and j is a fault line end node, the element is corrected to be 0, otherwise, whether the shortest path contains the fault line is judged, the shortest path does not need to be corrected when the fault line is contained, and the shortest path is disconnected from the line in the ring network when the fault line is not contained, the step ④ is switched, and if the shortest path element L is not contained, the step ③ is switched toijWhen the shortest path has no line in the ring network, correcting the element to be 0; when the shortest path is matched with the arrival time of the corresponding initial traveling wave for calculation, the fault distance is approximately 0 or approximately equal to the shortest path LijWhen it is long, will LijCorrecting the element to be 0, otherwise disconnecting the shortest path from the line in the ring network, turning to step ④, using Dijkstra algorithm to recalculate the shortest path between two nodes i and j by ④ until the shortest path contains the shortest path of the fault line, and including the fault line after the calculation is finishedIs the shortest path of the element LijA value of (d); obtaining a calculation matrix L' after all elements are corrected;
a double-end positioning operation module for selecting the shortest path from the calculation matrix L' in turn, selecting the corresponding time element from the time matrix T, and calculating the fault distance d by using a double-end positioning algorithm in the traveling wave positioning methodij；
The second construction module is used for judging the fault power transmission line according to the action of the breaker of the protection device, selecting one end node c of the fault power transmission line as a reference node and setting all fault distances dijConverting to the reference node to obtain a converted fault distance d'ijUsing all of said converted fault distances d'ijEstablishing a fault distance matrix D;
a valid identification module for converting all the converted fault distances D 'in the fault distance matrix D'ijCarrying out effectiveness identification, setting weights for all non-0 effective elements in the fault distance matrix D to obtain a weight matrix W, synthesizing the fault distance matrix D and the weight matrix W, and calculating to obtain the accurate fault distance Dc。
6. The novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the double-end positioning operation module is used for solving dij：
In the formula: dijIndicating the distance, L, of the point of failure from node i on the shortest path line between node i and node jijThe sum of the lengths of the lines passing through the shortest path between the node i and the node j is represented, and v represents the propagation speed of the initial traveling wave generated by the fault point on the power transmission line;
the second construction module is used for solving d'ij：
d′ij＝|dij-dic|
In the formula: dicRepresenting node i and node cThe shortest distance therebetween.
7. The novel power grid fault traveling wave positioning system of claim 6, wherein the effective identification module is configured to:
selecting a converted fault distance from the fault distance matrix D, and defining the converted fault distance as
Comparing the fault distance D ' with all converted fault distances D ' in a fault distance matrix D 'ijComparisons were made in turn as follows:
α is the error threshold value;
when the number satisfying the above formula is more than half of the number of the converted fault distances in the fault distance matrix D, the converted fault distance is considered
The method is effective; otherwise, the value is considered invalid and is replaced by a value of 0;
the weight calculation method of the non-zero elements in the fault distance matrix D comprises the following steps:
assuming that the number of passing substations in the shortest path corresponding to each effective element in the fault distance matrix D is m, the weight of the element can be set to be 1/(m-1), and a weight matrix W is obtained;
distance to failure dcThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: wijFor the effective element D of the distance to failure matrix DijThe weight of (c).
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