CN108372180A - A kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources Download PDFInfo
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- CN108372180A CN108372180A CN201810112468.8A CN201810112468A CN108372180A CN 108372180 A CN108372180 A CN 108372180A CN 201810112468 A CN201810112468 A CN 201810112468A CN 108372180 A CN108372180 A CN 108372180A
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- tank
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- sludge
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- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tunicamycin Natural products CC(C)CCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C(CC(O)C2OC(C(O)C2O)N3C=CC(=O)NC3=O)OC1OC4OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C4NC(=O)C MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/10—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an adsorption step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources, including pretreatment, water-oil separating, biodiesel extraction, anaerobic digestion, methane purification and recycling, sewage disposal, fermentation residue and sludge dewatering, Odor control, kitchen garbage decrement, harmless, recycling are completed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing of field of garbage disposal more particularly to kitchen garbage.
Background technology
The processing of existing kitchen garbage include be separated by solid-liquid separation, Grease Collection, but sewage, sludge and foul smell, biogas are whole
Unified centralized processing can not carry out recycling, and kitchen garbage was only simply crushed generally without pretreatment
Grease separation is carried out after filter, treatment effeciency is low, and the patent document first having describes only a certain processing in kitchen garbage processing
Unit, and cannot achieve and link between each unit, have much room for improvement.
Such as：CN102351363A discloses a kind of restaurant garbage treating system, wherein the processing system includes successively
Storage device, separator and the collection device of connection, wherein the storage device is for receiving kitchen garbage and being filtered
Filtering mixture is obtained, and the filtering mixture is transmitted to the separator；The separator is used to mix from filtering
Grease is isolated in object, and the grease is transmitted to the collection device；The collection device (10) comes from institute for collecting
State the grease of separator.Through the above technical solutions, the restaurant garbage treating system of the present invention utilizes individual separator
Kitchen garbage is handled, to make to isolate grease for recycling and storing from kitchen garbage.The processing of the above method is imitated
Rate is high, the operation is stable, is suitable for large-scale kitchen garbage and handles, and is higher by the oil quality that the above method obtains.
A kind of restaurant garbage treating systems of CN103691731B, including separator, Solid Waste processing unit, liquid phase rubbish
Rubbish processing unit and oil phase refuse disposal installation；Wherein, separator is used to kitchen garbage being separated into Solid Waste, liquid phase rubbish
Rubbish and oil phase rubbish；Solid Waste processing unit is used to carry out bioprotein processing, the egg of acquisition to receiving the Solid Waste
White matter product is as feed addictive；Liquid phase refuse disposal installation is for handling the liquid phase rubbish of reception；Oil phase
Refuse disposal installation is for handling the oil phase rubbish of reception.Restaurant garbage treating system of the present invention handles kitchen rubbish
When rubbish, innoxious degree is high, can be avoided as much as secondary pollution and good economy performance.
Invention content
Effectively reaching kitchen garbage decrement, a kind of harmless, recycling meal in view of the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of
Kitchen process for treating garbage as resource.
Purpose to realize the present invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources, including with
Lower step：
A. it pre-processes：Kitchen garbage is transported to dump chest, and the kitchen garbage in dump chest is lifted into drawing-in device by grab bucket
It is delivered to pulverizer, the material after pulverizer crushes is pumped into equipment for separating liquid from solid by piston pump, is filled by being separated by solid-liquid separation
It sets and material is once separated by solid-liquid separation, once isolate miscellaneous less than an organic slurry of 12mm and a solid
Matter, an organic slurry are entered the pressafiner for carrying 3mm fine meshes with 75 DEG C of high temperature after sending to heating system, squeezed out
Squeeze organic slurry and squeezing solid impurity；Secondary separation of solid and liquid, secondary solid-liquid are carried out after one time solid impurity is heated to 70 DEG C
Secondary Organic slurries and secondary solid impurity are generated after separation, secondary solid impurity carries out burning or landfill disposal；It is primary organic
Slurries, Secondary Organic slurries and squeezing organic slurry enter deckered stock chest under gravity；
B. water-oil separating：An organic slurry, Secondary Organic slurries and the boosted pump of squeezing organic slurry in deckered stock chest are promoted
And heated using heater, three phase separator is entered after being heated up to 50 ± 5 DEG C and is handled, light phase, heavy phase, solid slag three-phase separate are carried out
From；The solid slag isolated mixes deposit buffer pool with heavy phase；Light phase is kept in after vibrating screen removes light weight sundries；Light phase is through conveying
Pump is promoted to heater, and vertical centrifugal machine is entered after being heated up to 85 ± 5 DEG C and carries out water-oil separating, the crude oil fat isolated is in oil
Fat storage pool is temporary；Water phase is stored in reuse pool, and part reuse is extremely buffered to receiving and sorting impurity removed system, remainder overflow
Pond；
C. biodiesel is extracted：Biodiesel extraction includes solids separation unit, acid catalyzed reaction unit, base catalyzed reactions list
Member, grease distillation unit, crude oil fat initially enter solids separation unit, will be in grease using centrifuge<The solid of 0. 5mm
Grain removal, the crude oil fat through preliminary treatment respectively enters acid base catalyzed reaction unit, to remove water-solubility impurity, crude oil after processing
Fat enters standing tank, so that crude oil fat is detached with methanol, soda acid, finally enters distillation unit, is given birth to using distillation technique tower top
Object diesel oil, glycerine are generated by bottom of tower；Methanol is added in acid base catalyzed reaction unit, the useless methanol after catalysis is reacted enters standing
Tank separates methanol and soda acid in standing separation tank from grease, and flashing off methanol byproduct through methanol destilling tower returns
With；
D. anaerobic digestion：By in buffer pool solid slag and heavy phase and overflow back come water phase enter anaerobic fermentation tank carry out anaerobism
Digestion, anaerobic digestion include hydrolysis, production acid and dehydrogenation, methane phase three phases, and 6.5~7.5, temperature control exists for pH value control
35-42℃；Biogas and biogas slurry and sludge are generated after anaerobic digestion；
E. methane purification and recycling：Biogas initially enters biogas gas-water separator through biogas cabinet, increases secondly by biogas
Biogas is pressurized to 2.0kPa by pressure fan, biogas after supercharged is sent carry out desulfurization process to desulfurizing tower after again via biogas compressor
0.7MPa is boosted to, the mixed gas after biogas compressor secondary booster enters PSA systems and sloughs CO2 contained therein, then into
Enter drier to be dehydrated and spout gas boosting to 25MPa into natural gas compressor by product gas surge tank, refined natural is made
Gas；
F. sewage disposal：With other sewage in regulating reservoir mixing homogeneous after being dehydrated obtained biogas slurry and entering flotation tank pretreatment,
By biochemical intake pump promoted, after bag filter filters enter MBR me.mbrane bioreactors, remove biochemical organic matter and
Biological denitrificaion is carried out, nanofiltration system is finally entered and advanced treating is carried out to ultra-filtration water, remove the organic matter of bio-refractory；
G. fermentation residue and sludge dewatering：After fermentation residue and anaerobic sludge digestion, it is pumped into sludge storage pool by elevator pump, in bottom of pond
Boring aeration device is set, with the carbon dioxide in stripping sludge, centrifugal dehydrator is then promoted to by pump and carries out centrifugal dehydration,
Sludge after centrifugal dehydration enters plate and frame press filtration and carries out press filtration；
H. Odor control：The emitting offensive odor between sludge dewatering, sludge-tank, pump house, homogeneous pond and pump house foul smell be collected, to the greatest extent
Amount accomplishes to seal, and is in micro-vacuum state, foul smell is sent into the adsorption tower equipped with biological tower material by centrifugal shaft wind turbine and is sprayed
Leaching and washing, allow first exhaust gas adequately contacted with washing medium it is big pass, enter back into biologic packing material adsorption layer, allow foul smell delay
When slowly through active bio filter bed, be adsorbed on microorganism on biofiltration material surface by foul smell organic compound and
Other malodorous compounds are decomposed.
Preferably, the heat source that methanol distillation column distillation needs is by heat-conducting oil furnace burning biogas and two kinds of heating sides of light diesel fuel
Formula provides, and for oil oven by heat-conducting oil heating to 300 DEG C, returning-oil temperature is 260 DEG C.
Preferably, in anaerobic digestion anaerobic fermentation tank charging organic loading：3.3~3.5 kgVS/m3 d；When stop
Between：28 d ；PH:6.7~7.5；Temperature：35℃-39℃；Ammonia nitrogen（mg/L）：<3000.
Preferably, anaerobic fermentation tank is to be thoroughly mixed formula cylinder fermentation tank, bottom is plane, and tank body is carbon steel anti-corrosion
Sealing structure, inside keep slight overvoltage condition；Fermentation tank top is also equipped with dross removal device, to the dross of generation into
Row removal；Fermentation tank tank diameter 15.4m, high 17.98m, media depth 17.48m, tank volume is about 3350m3, slurry
The residence time is 28d in tank, and mechanical stirring device is arranged in tank, and the axis of blender is equipped with upper and lower stirring slurry, and stirring will be low
Speed rotation；One high-speed rotating breaker can be set in digester tank face position simultaneously, the dross for floating on top is steeped
Foam is uniformly mixed into digester, and top is additionally provided with equipment, the tank bases such as biogas cover, including safety valve, observation detection window and sets
It is equipped with bottom and strike-offs device for scavenger precipitation object.
Advantageous effect of the present invention：The present invention first passes around pretreatment system processing, passes through wet type anaeration in normal temperature successively and reacts
System, biogas treatment and utilize system, biogas residue processing system, crude oil extraction system, deodoration system, sewage disposal system etc. seven
Part integrated treatment is finally reached the minimizing of kitchen garbage, innoxious, recycling.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1：A kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources, includes the following steps：
Pretreatment：Kitchen garbage is transported to dump chest, and it is defeated that the kitchen garbage in dump chest by grab bucket is lifted into drawing-in device
It send to pulverizer, the material after pulverizer crushes is pumped into equipment for separating liquid from solid by piston pump, passes through equipment for separating liquid from solid
Material is once separated by solid-liquid separation, is once isolated miscellaneous less than an organic slurry of 12mm and a solid
Matter, an organic slurry are entered the pressafiner for carrying 3mm fine meshes with 75 DEG C of high temperature after sending to heating system, squeezed out
Squeeze organic slurry and squeezing solid impurity；Secondary separation of solid and liquid, secondary solid-liquid are carried out after one time solid impurity is heated to 70 DEG C
Secondary Organic slurries and secondary solid impurity are generated after separation, secondary solid impurity carries out burning or landfill disposal；It is primary organic
Slurries, Secondary Organic slurries and squeezing organic slurry enter deckered stock chest under gravity；
（1）Process equipment feature：
Crusberscreen is equipped with automatic bag-breaking crushing and reuse heat water-spraying's function, and the sundries isolated is clean, organic matter recycling
Rate is high.
Crusberscreen uses totally enclosed type mechanization continuous operation, can effectively solve Chinese kitchen castoff because of viscosity
Greatly, reluctant problem caused by sundries is more.
The screening setting of vibrating screen can mitigate the processing load of pulverizer to the effective minimizing of material into pulverizer.
It crushes function and 3mm or less pasty materials is made in material.
Desander can effectively remove the sundries such as small tile, sandstone, cutting metal in material.
It is equipped with vapour heating pipeline, balances seasonal temperature difference.
（2）Pretreating process Core Superiority：
Without the inorganic matters such as artificial go-no-go plastics/ceramic/metal or other failure substances, it was not necessarily to the pre- of multi-step progress complexity
Processing, institute's organic/inorganic substance mask work is completed by machine automatization.
Efficient organic material is realized by integrated machine slurrying and FITEC pretreatment systems (Biosqueeze)
Separation prevents inorganic failure substance (volume and quantity) from entering anaerobic fermentation system.
By the organic substrate in the second-order separation machinery further recovery failure material, organic substrate production capacity is improved.
Water-oil separating：The boosted pump of an organic slurry, Secondary Organic slurries and squeezing organic slurry in deckered stock chest carries
It rises and heater is utilized to heat, three phase separator is entered after being heated up to 50 ± 5 DEG C and is handled, light phase, heavy phase, solid slag three-phase separate are carried out
From；The solid slag isolated mixes deposit buffer pool with heavy phase；Light phase is kept in after vibrating screen removes light weight sundries；Light phase is through conveying
Pump is promoted to heater, and vertical centrifugal machine is entered after being heated up to 85 ± 5 DEG C and carries out water-oil separating, the crude oil fat isolated is in oil
Fat storage pool is temporary；Water phase is stored in reuse pool, and part reuse is extremely buffered to receiving and sorting impurity removed system, remainder overflow
Pond；
Process equipment feature：
Continous way puies forward the stay in grade that oily mode can guarantee system discharging；
This system can extract in kitchen garbage raw material 80% or more grease；
The heating in this stage, which makes the anaerobic fermentation system of back segment be not required to secondary heating, can meet anaeration in normal temperature reaction temperature condition；
Oil phase moisture content≤3% that system is isolated, substantially alleviates the operating load of back segment grease deep-processing system；
Water phase oil content≤0.2% that system is isolated greatly reduces unfavorable shadow of the grease to anaerobic fermentation system fermentation rate
It rings.
Biodiesel is extracted：Biodiesel extraction includes solids separation unit, acid catalyzed reaction unit, base catalyzed reactions list
Member, grease distillation unit, crude oil fat initially enter solids separation unit, will be in grease using centrifuge<The solid of 0. 5mm
Grain removal, the crude oil fat through preliminary treatment respectively enters acid base catalyzed reaction unit, to remove water-solubility impurity, crude oil after processing
Fat enters standing tank, so that crude oil fat is detached with methanol, soda acid, finally enters distillation unit, is given birth to using distillation technique tower top
Object diesel oil, glycerine are generated by bottom of tower；Methanol is added in acid base catalyzed reaction unit, the useless methanol after catalysis is reacted enters standing
Tank separates methanol and soda acid in standing separation tank from grease, and flashing off methanol byproduct through methanol destilling tower returns
With；Methanol distills the heat source that column distillation needs and is provided by two kinds of mode of heatings of heat-conducting oil furnace burning biogas and light diesel fuel, and oil oven will
For heat-conducting oil heating to 300 DEG C, returning-oil temperature is 260 DEG C.
Anaerobic digestion：By in buffer pool solid slag and heavy phase and overflow back the water phase come and enter anaerobic fermentation tank and detest
Oxygen digests, and anaerobic digestion includes hydrolysis, production acid and dehydrogenation, methane phase three phases, and 6.5~7.5, temperature controls for pH value control
At 35-42 DEG C；Biogas and biogas slurry and sludge are generated after anaerobic digestion；Anaerobic fermentation tank is to be thoroughly mixed formula cylinder fermentation tank,
Bottom is plane, and tank body is carbon steel preserving and sealing structure, and inside keeps slight overvoltage condition；Fermentation tank top is also equipped with floating
Slag removal device is removed the dross of generation；Fermentation tank tank diameter 15.4m, high 17.98m, media depth are
17.48m, tank volume are about 3350m3, and slurry residence time in tank is 28d, and mechanical stirring device, blender is arranged in tank
Axis be equipped with upper and lower stirring slurry, stirring is by low speed rotation；One high speed rotation can be set in digester tank face position simultaneously
Breaker, by float on top dross foam be uniformly mixed into digester, top is additionally provided with biogas cover, including safety
Equipment, the tank bases such as valve, observation detection window are provided with bottom and strike-off device for scavenger precipitation object.
PH values control：
PH values are one of most important parameters of anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes, most suitable ranging from 6.5~7.5, and kitchen garbage sheet
Body acidification is exceedingly fast, and pH values are possible to be down to 4 or so, when being integrally acidified in organic loading increase, fermentation tank, at this time may be used
By additional alkaline matter, to adjust pH values.Specific practice is：When the pH values of on-line monitoring are down to 6.5 or so it is necessary to
It is tight to pay attention to volatile fatty acid（VFA）Content, if also increasing considerably with VFA at this time, just needs additional
Alkaline matter is adjusted so that zymotic fluid pH values are restored to 6.5~7.5.The Specific amounts of additional alkaline matter will be according to fermentation
The adjusting situations of liquid pH values determines.
Temperature controls：
This technique is intermediate temperature anaerobic fermentation technique, and the optimal temperature that the anaerobic bacteria of degradation material needs in fermentation tank need to maintain
Between 35-42 DEG C.Design material pot external heat heats material by muddy water heat exchanger, to ensure mesophilic anaerobic digestion
Temperature.Tank outer surface setting of fermenting keeps the temperature thermal, prevents heat loss.
Process control parameters：
Feed organic loading：3.3~3.5 kgVS/m3 d；
Residence time：28 d or so；
PH：6.7~7.5；
Temperature：35℃-39℃；
Ammonia nitrogen（mg/L）：<3000；
Solid content (TS)：3% or so；
Degradation rate：70-75%；
Biogas density；1.221kg/m³；
Methane content：≥58%；
Methane purification and recycling：Biogas initially enters biogas gas-water separator through biogas cabinet, is pressurized secondly by biogas
Biogas is pressurized to 2.0kPa by wind turbine, biogas after supercharged is sent carry out desulfurization process to desulfurizing tower after again via biogas compressor liter
It is depressed into 0.7MPa, the mixed gas after biogas compressor secondary booster enters PSA systems and sloughs CO2 contained therein, enters back into
Drier is dehydrated and is spouted gas boosting to 25MPa into natural gas compressor by product gas surge tank, and refined natural gas is made；
The biogas that anaerobic fermentation process generates（Biogas）It is a kind of mixed gas, main component CH4, CO2, H2S and water
Vapour.Its characteristic feature is：43~49 DEG C of temperature, relative density about 1.02~1.06, corrosivity, concentration, which should control, to be provided
Value is following.H2S contained in biogas is a kind of colourless gas, heavier than air, and H2S generates SO2 when burning, in order to meet SO2
Emission request, the concentration of H2S need to maintain reduced levels, therefore need to carry out purified treatment to it.Because of refined natural gas, natural pond
CO2 in gas also needs to remove through decarbonization process, to further increase the purity of biogas, reaches the requirement of refined natural gas.Natural pond
Steam in gas is cooled down when temperature is relatively low generates condensed water, can assemble in equipment, gas piping, being combined with H2S can generate
Corrosive acid solution.Therefore, to protect equipment, facilitate the storage and utilization of biogas, also need to be carried out dehydrating biogas, remove
Steam therein.
Decarbonization process introduction
PSA systems are also known as pressure varying adsorption decarburization process, and why technical process is achieved in that adsorbent in this object
Possessed two attributes in reason absorption：First, different to the adsorption capacity of different component, second is that adsorbate is on the sorbent
Adsorption capacity rises with the partial pressure of adsorbate and is increased, and declines with the rising of adsorption temp.Utilize the first individual character of adsorbent
Matter utilizes adsorbent, it can be achieved that enable other components to purify the Preferential adsorption of impurity composition in carbonated source
Second individual character matter, it can be achieved that adsorbent adsorbed under low temperature, high pressure and under high temperature, low pressure desorption and regeneration, to constitute absorption
The absorption of agent and regeneration cycle achieve the purpose that continuous separating-purifying methane.
The advantages of pressure-variable adsorption：Operating personnel easy to operate, less, pressure range of choice is wide, and power consumption is low.Mainly
Equipment is few, and material can be manufactured with carbon steel, and all devices can domesticize, therefore small investment maintenance cost is low, methane yield 90% with
On.
Sewage disposal：It is mixed in regulating reservoir with other sewage after being dehydrated obtained biogas slurry and entering flotation tank pretreatment
Matter is promoted by biochemical intake pump, and MBR me.mbrane bioreactors are entered after bag filter filters, remove biochemical organic matter
And biological denitrificaion is carried out, it finally enters nanofiltration system and advanced treating is carried out to ultra-filtration water, remove the organic of bio-refractory
Object；
Main treatment technology unit：
1. flotation tank：
Flotation tank uses steel CAF cavitation air flotation equipment.
2. regulating reservoir：
Two kinds of forms of the generally flexible structure of sewage regulating reservoir and rigid structure, flexible structure pond body use the form of earth dam, pond
Interior laying antiseepage film, entire pond body are unenclosed construction, and that applies at home at present is more.The advantages of pond body is construction letter
Single, low cost.The disadvantage is that water temperature in winter scatter and disappear it is very fast, water temperature is substantially identical as environment temperature, has a fixing to ambient enviroment
It rings, generally a tunic is laid in Chi Dingzai, to prevent foul smell excessive.Rigid structure pond body uses reinforced concrete structure, generally
It is capped on Chi Ding, earthing above pond.Advantage, which is pond body, can be embedded in underground, and water temperature is avoided to reduce, can be effective since Chi Ding is capped
It prevents foul smell excessive, reduces the pollution to environment；The disadvantage is that construction investment is higher, constructional difficulties.According to this engineering practice,
In view of the factors such as winter temperature is low and prevents foul smell excessive, regulating reservoir uses underground type reinforced concrete structure.
3.MBR biochemical systems：
The function of biochemical reactor is the pollutant of bio-degradable in degrading raw water, can be common aerobic reactor technique
Or denitrification and nitration processes.For landfill leachate, since wherein ammonia nitrogen concentration and COD concentration is all higher, policy is to this
Index emission request is generally all very stringent, therefore biochemical reactor needs to have good organic pollutant degradation and biological denitrificaion
Function, external membrane biochemical reactor configure and control suitable reaction condition to realize according to amount of inlet water and condition of water quality
Efficient denitrification and nitration reaction and simultaneously degradable organic pollutant.In order to make full use of anti-nitre is carried out into the carbon source in water
Change reaction, external membrane biochemical reactor is preposition using denitrification, nitrifies the form of postposition, while can reduce in nitrification tank and use
Oxygen amount needed for degradable organic pollutant.
4. ultrafiltration system：
The ultrafiltration portion of MBR system is quasi- using external tubular ultra-filtration membrane, and pore size filter is 0.03 μm, can be with effectively catching institute
Some microbial cells and suspended matter.Meanwhile ultrafiltration system can retain the organic pollution of bulky grain, further protect
Demonstrate,prove the stabilization of MBR system water outlet.By the way of big flow high-speed circulating, the waterpower flow velocity in membrane tube reaches this set ultrafiltration system
3~5m/s can effectively prevent the deposition of pollutant, reduce the risk of fouling membrane, prolonging service lifetime of film.Meanwhile system
Stringent flow, temperature, pressure monitor are set, and cultivate cleaning system, it is ensured that service condition of the system in various complexity
The work of lower safety and stability.
Compared with conventional biochemical treatment process, microbial cells are detached by high-performance ultrafiltration system from water outlet, it is ensured that big
It is safely trapped in system in the particulate matter of 20nm, microorganism and with the relevant suspended matters of COD.Ultrafiltration clear liquid enters clear liquid
Storage tank.Since ultrafiltration realizes that mud-water separation, the sludge concentration in biochemical reactor can reach 15-30g/l.Ultrafiltration system
If 6 ultrafiltration membrane elements, 1 circulating pump, the pump is in the flow velocity for providing a needs along membrane tube inner wall, to form turbulent flow,
Larger filtration flux is generated, avoids blocking.Membrane tube cleaning is completed by the cleaning case for storing clear water by cleaning pump.
5 nanofiltration systems：
The water outlet ammonia nitrogen index of MBR is substantially up to standard, but part hardly degraded organic substance cannot still remove, using nanofiltration into one
Step detaches bigger molecule organic matter difficult to degrade and part ammonia nitrogen, while can further desalting processing, it is ensured that water outlet CODcr reaches
Emission request.Due to nanofiltration have nano level separation cut aperture, so its can remove not biochemical organic matter and absolutely greatly
Partial COD, BOD, NH3-N, SS, heavy metal, Escherichia coli and coloration etc., stable water outlet.But it is obtained after nanofiltration processing
Clear water is still difficult to reach discharge standard, therefore needs to be for further processing into counter-infiltration system behind nanofiltration, thus may be used
To ensure to reach discharge standard.
It after MBR pretreatments, is purified using nanofiltration, the water rate of recovery can reach 85% or more, CODcr, heavy metal ion and more
Valence nonmetallic ion（Such as phosphorus）It is controlled accordingly.
Fermentation residue and sludge dewatering：After fermentation residue and anaerobic sludge digestion, it is pumped into sludge storage pool by elevator pump, in pond
Boring aeration device is arranged in bottom, with the carbon dioxide in stripping sludge so that the pH values of sludge improve, and promote ammonium magnesium phosphate knot
Crystalline substance prevents it from blocking pipeline and centrifuge in subsequent processing.Then centrifugal dehydrator is promoted to by pump and carries out centrifugal dehydration, from
The dewatered sludge of the heart enters plate and frame press filtration and carries out press filtration；Traditional mud dewatering method such as plate compression method, centrifugation side
Moisture content can be generally down to 80% or so by method, needed further desiccation that can meet landfill and required, common desiccation mode has stone
Grey desiccation and pre- compost, two ways are taken up an area larger.For this system using double diaphragm pressure filtering techniques, which is plate and frame press filtration
The second generation upgrade technique of technology, this technology add medicament in sludge and carry out specially treated, and the dewatering of sludge is changed
It is kind, pass through two-stage mechanical presses subsequently into filter press, one time medium squeezes, and dehydrating effect is greatly improved, after dehydration
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge is minimum can to reach 40%.Canvas press cloth realizes closed reversed automatic cleaning, avoids manpower intervention, filter plate real
Existing automatic vibration desliming, dry sludge cake is fallen enters sludge bucket on the conveyor belt, 100% Automatic Control of program, work
Environment and operating condition are greatly improved.Moisture content reaches 60% after the dehydration of this item purpose biogas residue.
Double diaphragm pressure filtering techniques have floor space small, and high degree of automation, operating cost is low, and sanitary condition waits well notable
Feature.
Odor control：The emitting offensive odor between sludge dewatering, sludge-tank, pump house, homogeneous pond and pump house foul smell be collected,
Accomplish to seal as possible, is in micro-vacuum state, foul smell is sent into the adsorption tower equipped with biological tower material by centrifugal shaft wind turbine and is carried out
Spray and washing, allow first exhaust gas adequately contacted with washing medium it is big pass, enter back into biologic packing material adsorption layer, allow foul smell
When slowly through active bio filter bed, microorganism on biofiltration material surface is adsorbed on by the organic compound in foul smell
It is decomposed with other malodorous compounds.Methanol distills the heat source that column distillation needs and is added for two kinds with light diesel fuel by heat-conducting oil furnace burning biogas
Hot mode provides, and for oil oven by heat-conducting oil heating to 300 DEG C, returning-oil temperature is 260 DEG C.The charging of anaerobic fermentation tank in anaerobic digestion
Organic loading：3.3~3.5 kgVS/m3 d；Residence time：28 d ；PH:6.7~7.5；Temperature：35℃-39℃；Ammonia nitrogen
（mg/L）：<3000.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Pretreatment：Kitchen garbage is transported to dump chest, and it is defeated that the kitchen garbage in dump chest by grab bucket is lifted into drawing-in device
It send to pulverizer, the material after pulverizer crushes is pumped into equipment for separating liquid from solid by piston pump, passes through equipment for separating liquid from solid
Material is once separated by solid-liquid separation, is once isolated miscellaneous less than an organic slurry of 12mm and a solid
Matter, an organic slurry are entered the pressafiner for carrying 3mm fine meshes with 75 DEG C of high temperature after sending to heating system, squeezed out
Squeeze organic slurry and squeezing solid impurity；Secondary separation of solid and liquid, secondary solid-liquid are carried out after one time solid impurity is heated to 70 DEG C
Secondary Organic slurries and secondary solid impurity are generated after separation, secondary solid impurity carries out burning or landfill disposal；It is primary organic
Slurries, Secondary Organic slurries and squeezing organic slurry enter deckered stock chest under gravity；
Water-oil separating：An organic slurry, Secondary Organic slurries and the boosted pump of squeezing organic slurry in deckered stock chest are promoted simultaneously
It is heated using heater, three phase separator is entered after being heated up to 50 ± 5 DEG C and is handled, light phase, heavy phase, solid slag three phase separation are carried out；
The solid slag isolated mixes deposit buffer pool with heavy phase；Light phase is kept in after vibrating screen removes light weight sundries；Light phase is through delivery pump
It is promoted to heater, vertical centrifugal machine is entered after being heated up to 85 ± 5 DEG C and carries out water-oil separating, the crude oil fat isolated is in grease
Storage pool is temporary；Water phase is stored in reuse pool, and part reuse is extremely buffered to receiving and sorting impurity removed system, remainder overflow
Pond；
Biodiesel is extracted：Biodiesel extraction include solids separation unit, acid catalyzed reaction unit, base catalyzed reactions unit,
Grease distillation unit, crude oil fat initially enter solids separation unit, will be in grease using centrifuge<The solid particle of 0. 5mm is gone
Remove, the crude oil fat through preliminary treatment respectively enters acid base catalyzed reaction unit, to remove water-solubility impurity, after processing crude oil fat into
Enter to stand tank, so that crude oil fat is detached with methanol, soda acid, finally enter distillation unit, biological bavin is obtained using distillation technique tower top
Oil, glycerine are generated by bottom of tower；Methanol is added in acid base catalyzed reaction unit, the useless methanol after catalysis is reacted enters standing tank,
Methanol and soda acid are separated from grease in standing separation tank, methanol byproduct reuse is flashed off through methanol destilling tower；
Anaerobic digestion：By in buffer pool solid slag and heavy phase and overflow back come water phase enter anaerobic fermentation tank carry out anaerobism disappear
Change, anaerobic digestion includes hydrolysis, production acid and dehydrogenation, methane phase three phases, and 6.5~7.5, temperature control exists for pH value control
35-42℃；Biogas and biogas slurry and sludge are generated after anaerobic digestion；
Methane purification and recycling：Biogas initially enters biogas gas-water separator through biogas cabinet, is pressurized secondly by biogas
Biogas is pressurized to 2.0kPa by wind turbine, biogas after supercharged is sent carry out desulfurization process to desulfurizing tower after again via biogas compressor liter
It is depressed into 0.7MPa, the mixed gas after biogas compressor secondary booster enters PSA systems and sloughs CO2 contained therein, enters back into
Drier is dehydrated and is spouted gas boosting to 25MPa into natural gas compressor by product gas surge tank, and refined natural gas is made；
Sewage disposal：With other sewage in regulating reservoir mixing homogeneous, warp after being dehydrated obtained biogas slurry and entering flotation tank pretreatment
Cross biochemical intake pump to be promoted, MBR me.mbrane bioreactors entered after bag filter filters, remove biochemical organic matter and into
Row biological denitrificaion finally enters nanofiltration system and carries out advanced treating to ultra-filtration water, removes the organic matter of bio-refractory；
Fermentation residue and sludge dewatering：After fermentation residue and anaerobic sludge digestion, it is pumped into sludge storage pool by elevator pump, is set in bottom of pond
Boring aeration device is set, with the carbon dioxide in stripping sludge, centrifugal dehydrator is then promoted to by pump and carries out centrifugal dehydration, from
The dewatered sludge of the heart enters plate and frame press filtration and carries out press filtration；
Odor control：The emitting offensive odor between sludge dewatering, sludge-tank, pump house, homogeneous pond and pump house foul smell be collected, as possible
Accomplish to seal, is in micro-vacuum state, foul smell is sent into the adsorption tower equipped with biological tower material by centrifugal shaft wind turbine and is sprayed
And washing, allow first exhaust gas adequately contacted with washing medium it is big pass, enter back into biologic packing material adsorption layer, make foul smell slow
When ground is by active bio filter bed, be adsorbed on microorganism on biofiltration material surface by foul smell organic compound and its
He decomposes at malodorous compounds.
2. a kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methanol distills column distillation
The heat source needed is provided by heat-conducting oil furnace burning two kinds of mode of heatings of biogas and light diesel fuel, oil oven by heat-conducting oil heating to 300 DEG C,
Returning-oil temperature is 260 DEG C.
3. a kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources according to claim 1, it is characterised in that anaerobism in anaerobic digestion
The charging organic loading of fermentation tank：3.3~3.5 kgVS/m3 d；Residence time：28 d ；PH:6.7~7.5；Temperature：35
℃-39℃；Ammonia nitrogen（mg/L）：<3000.
4. a kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources according to claim 1, it is characterised in that anaerobic fermentation tank has been
Complete hybrid cylindrical fermentation tank, bottom are plane, and tank body is carbon steel preserving and sealing structure, and inside keeps slight over-pressed shape
State；Fermentation tank top is also equipped with dross removal device, is removed to the dross of generation；Fermentation tank tank diameter 15.4m is high
17.98m, media depth 17.48m, tank volume are about 3350m3, and slurry residence time in tank is 28d, setting machine in tank
The axis of tool agitating device, blender is equipped with upper and lower stirring slurry, stirs low speed rotation；It simultaneously can be in digester tank face position
One high-speed rotating breaker is set, the dross foam for floating on top is uniformly mixed into digester, top is additionally provided with
Equipment, the tank bases such as biogas cover, including safety valve, observation detection window are provided with bottom and strike-off device for scavenger precipitation object.
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