CN108367050A - 抗微生物组合物 - Google Patents
抗微生物组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108367050A CN108367050A CN201680073379.6A CN201680073379A CN108367050A CN 108367050 A CN108367050 A CN 108367050A CN 201680073379 A CN201680073379 A CN 201680073379A CN 108367050 A CN108367050 A CN 108367050A
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- composition
- antimicrobial
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- thymol
- acid
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- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000005844 Thymol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
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- A61K8/675—Vitamin B3 or vitamin B3 active, e.g. nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinyl aldehyde
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
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Abstract
本发明提供抗微生物组合物,其包含:a)麝香草酚;b)松油醇;c)烟酰胺或其衍生物;以及d)化妆品可接受的基质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗微生物组合物和消毒表面的方法。本发明更具体涉及提供延长的/持久的抗微生物效益的抗微生物组合物。
背景技术
人们设法照顾好他们身体的外表面及他们的宠物的外表面,以保证良好的总体健康。人们关心的具体皮肤相关问题包括:无感染的良好皮肤健康、良好的肤色及皮肤卫生。通常通过保持皮肤无感染来获得皮肤卫生。一种解决感染的方法是在感染开始后用抗微生物剂对其进行治疗。另一种方法是在表面留下最少量的抗微生物活性物质,以使任何侵入的微生物被杀死或灭活,从而使疾病的扩散最小化。再一种方法是改善所需表面的固有免疫。
本领域已知有不同的抗微生物组合物。
WO 2010/046238(Unilever,2010)公开了用于清洁或个人护理的抗微生物组合物。该发明的目的是提供具有相对快速抗微生物作用的抗微生物组合物。发明人惊奇地发现,在有选择的命题中,包含选定成分(即麝香草酚和松油醇)的组合物提供相对快速的抗微生物作用。
WO 13/017967(KIMBERLY CLARK,2013)公开了抗微生物清洁组合物,其包含:极性载体溶剂;约0.1%(w/w)至约15%(w/w)的阳离子相容性表面活性剂;约0.01%(w/w)至约10%(w/w)的季铵抗微生物剂;以及阳离子相容性后感剂(afterfeel agent),其中所述抗微生物清洁组合物基本上不含甜菜碱基表面活性剂并且基本上不含选自三氯生、三氯卡班、卤化酚类抗微生物剂及其组合的化合物。
US 2010 222433(上海九宇生物科技,2010)公开了复合消毒剂清洁剂,基于总组合物重量,其包含:(a)约0.5-0.7重量%的烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵,(b)约0.3-0.5重量%的辛基癸基二甲基氯化铵,(c)约0.1-0.2重量%的二辛基二甲基氯化铵,(d)约0.2-0.3重量%的二癸基二甲基氯化铵,(e)约0.5-2重量%的烷基胺,(f)约0.3-1.5重量%的胍,(g)约10-20重量%的渗透剂,(h)约5-10重量%的表面活性剂,(i)约0.1-0.6重量%的螯合剂,(j)约0.05-0.1重量%的香精,(k)余量为去离子水。
WO 15051260(Crawford Keith D,2015)公开了使用具有生物制剂如抗菌肽(AMP)的组合物再生或治疗皮肤细胞的组合物、方法和药盒。该组合物包含以下各项中的至少一种:安全和有效量的维生素B3分子;硅酮弹性体;抗氧剂;和皮肤学可接受的载体。该AMP例如为H2A、H1、H6、HDL、Sal-2、防御素、铁调素、蜜蜂抗菌肽、cathelicidin或piscidin。该AMP包括例如下式所示的肽:APKAMX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8LQKKGI,使得X1和X8代表碱性氨基酸残基;X2和X3代表可以是相同或不同残基的疏水性氨基酸残基;X4和X5代表可以是相同或不同残基的碱性氨基酸残基;X6和X7代表可以是相同或不同残基的疏水性氨基酸残基。
特别是如今随着我们前所未有地暴露在社会生活,传染性疾病的数量正在迅速蔓延。我们通过握手问候人们,然后我们使用相同的手来食用食物。因此,通过手或任何其他形式的接触,从一个人到另一个人传播微生物,总是有传播疾病的可能性。因此,当前需要如下抗微生物组合物,其提供延长的/持久的抗微生物效益。此外,我们已发现,一些抗微生物剂虽然靓好,但由于它们在较高浓度下诸如气味的不愉快的性质而不是很有吸引力。另外,较高浓度的抗微生物剂趋于杀死据信对皮肤健康有益的微生物。
因此,本发明的目的是提供抗微生物组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供具有延长的/持久效益的抗微生物组合物。
本发明的又一目的是提供抗微生物组合物,其中已知抗微生物剂的量被最小化。
本发明的再一目的是提供局部组合物,其为人体或动物体的局部表面提供固有免疫。
本发明人已惊奇地发现,包含非常少量的麝香草酚和松油醇以及特定量的烟酰胺或其衍生物的抗微生物组合物能够提供延长的/持久的抗微生物效益,从而满足本发明的一个或多个目的。此外,观察到进一步存在抗菌肽(AMP)实际上提升组合物的抗微生物性质。
发明内容
在本发明的第一方面,提供抗微生物组合物,其包含:
a)麝香草酚;
b)松油醇;
c)烟酰胺或其衍生物;以及
d)化妆品可接受的基质。
在本发明的第二方面,提供清洁或消毒表面的方法,其包括在将第一方面的组合物施用至所述表面上的步骤。
本发明的一个方面的任何特征可以用于本发明的任何其他方面中。词语“包括”是指“包含”但不一定是“由...组成”或“由...构成”。也就是说,所列的步骤或选项不必穷举。除了在操作例和比较例中,或者另外明确指出的情况以外,本说明书中表示材料的量或反应条件、材料的物理性质和/或用途的所有数字都应被理解为由词语“约”修饰。以“x至y”的形式表达的数值范围被理解为包括x和y。对于特定的特征,当多个优选的范围以“x至y”的形式进行描述时,应被理解为还涵盖组合不同端值的所有范围。
具体实施方式
本发明提供抗微生物组合物,其包含:
a)麝香草酚;
b)松油醇;
c)烟酰胺或其衍生物;以及
d)化妆品可接受的基质。
如本文以上提到的抗微生物组合物优选是指能够杀死引起常见疾病的微生物或者至少导致其实质减少的任何组合物。引起常见疾病的革兰氏阳性菌包括葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)、链球菌(Streptococcus)和肠球菌(Enterococcus spp.)。一些引起常见疾病的革兰氏阴性菌包括大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)和志贺氏菌(Shigella)。大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌可以导致严重的胃肠道疾病。
麝香草酚:
本发明的抗微生物组合物包含麝香草酚。麝香草酚的量优选为0.001-5%,更优选为0.001-1%,并且进一步更优选为0.001-0.1%,而最优选为0.001-0.05%。本发明的组合物能够以极低浓度的麝香草酚提供所需的抗微生物效益。在浓度高于麝香草酚的较高优选浓度下,当与松油醇组合时,虽然作用动力学不会受到损害,但本发明人已发现,与在感觉方面不重要的治疗/杀虫/除草应用中不同,在本申请的应用(其优选为个人护理应用)中,产品与手或其他身体部位接触,感觉方面如气味和皮肤感觉会受到损害。麝香草酚可以以纯化形式加入到抗微生物组合物中。
用于本发明组合物中的麝香草酚的量优选非常低。本发明人已经发现,低浓度的麝香草酚当与组合物中其他必需成分结合时,能够提供延长的/持久的抗微生物作用。
或者,可以将包含麝香草酚的百里香油或百里香提取物加入到抗微生物组合物中,同时确保麝香草酚以期望的浓度存在于本发明的组合物中。百里香油或百里香提取物从百里香植物获得。百里香植物是指属于百里香属的植物,并且包括但不限于以下物种:普通百里酚(Thymus vulgaris)、西班牙百里香(Thymus zygis)、龙脑百里香(Thymussatureoides)、乳香色百里香(Thymus mastichina)、簇生百里香(Thymus broussonetti)、棘龙百里香(Thymus maroccanus)、苍白百里香(Thymus pallidus)、阿尔及利亚百里香(Thymus algeriensis)、铺地百里香(Thymus serpyllum)、宽叶百里香(Thymuspulegoide)和柠檬百里香(Thymus citriodorus)。也可以优选使用麝香草酚的异构体(香芹酚)。
或者,也可以优选使用具有麝香草酚类似性质的任何麝香草酚衍生物。松油醇:
本发明的抗微生物组合物还包含松油醇。松油醇的量优选为0.001-5%,更优选为0.001-1%,进一步更优选为0.001-0.1%,并且最优选为0.001-0.05%。本发明的组合物能够以极低浓度的松油醇提供所需的抗微生物效益。在浓度高于松油醇的较高优选浓度下,当与麝香草酚组合时,虽然作用动力学不会受到损害,但本发明人已发现,与在感觉方面不重要的治疗/杀虫/除草应用中不同,在本申请的应用(其优选为个人护理应用)中,产品与手或其他身体部位接触,感觉方面如气味和皮肤感觉会受到损害。松油醇可以以纯化形式加入到抗微生物组合物中。
用于本发明组合物中的松油醇的量优选非常低。本发明人已经发现,低浓度的松油醇当与组合物中其他必需成分结合时,能够提供延长的/持久的抗微生物作用。
松油醇的结构如下:
或者,可以将包含松油醇的松油加入到抗微生物组合物中。
任选地,也可以优选使用具有麝香草酚类似性质的任何麝香草酚衍生物。
烟酰胺或其衍生物:
本发明组合物的组分之一是烟酰胺或其衍生物。烟酰胺也称为尼克酰胺或烟酸酰胺或维生素B3。它是具有以下结构的水溶性维生素:
烟酰胺具有抗炎作用。也已知其用于治疗痤疮。为了本发明的目的,烟酰胺或其衍生物是组合物的必需组分。烟酰胺的衍生物可以是任何衍生物。可以优选使用与烟酰胺具有类似性质的任何烟酰胺衍生物。
具有与烟酰胺类似性质的烟酰胺的任何前体也在本发明的范围内。
烟酰胺的量为组合物重量的0.1-5%,优选0.5-5%,更优选1-5%,并且最优选2-5%。
本发明的组合物优选还包含抗菌肽(AMP)。
本发明人发现,包含麝香草酚、松油醇和烟酰胺的本发明组合物提供协同组合并且能够根据需要提供抗微生物效益。
抗菌肽(AMP):
AMP形成皮肤自身防御系统的组成部分。AMP最初在昆虫和动物中发现,并且自从它们最初被发现以来,AMP被认为是有希望的抗微生物剂。AMP在自然界中普遍存在,并且它们通常对入侵细菌、真菌、包膜病毒和寄生虫表现出广谱活性(Braff和Gallo,2006)。AMP通常是短肽,并且据报道在人类中存在约90种不同的AMP。AMP通常具有两个主要的物理特征,并且它们是:a)阳离子电荷和b)相当大比例的疏水性残基。AMP的阳离子电荷促进对带负电荷的微生物细胞质膜的选择性,而疏水性促进与微生物物种的细胞膜的相互作用。
人类抗菌肽中最重要的类别是防御素、组胺素、cathelicidin(LL-37)、皮离蛋白(dermcidin)、银屑素(psoriasin)和核糖核酸酶。防御素更具有代表性,并且cathelicidin形成第二类哺乳动物AMP。
最近的研究已经表明,多种抗菌肽(AMP)模拟趋化因子并且具有通过作为早期预警信号快速激活宿主固有和适应性免疫系统的能力。它们能够招募和激活抗原呈递细胞。这些有效的免疫刺激剂包括防御素、cathelicidin(LL-37)、嗜酸性粒细胞源性神经毒素(EDN)和高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)。例如,防御素、LL-37、HMGB1和EDN分别通过与CCR6、FPRL-1和Toll样受体(TLR2)相互作用来模拟趋化因子和细胞因子活性。这些抗菌肽由白细胞、角质形成细胞和被覆在胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统和气管支气管树上的上皮细胞组成性地产生和释放。另外,它们由有害的刺激素和细胞因子诱导。这些肽都具有体内免疫佐剂作用。这些AMP现在已被归入新术语“警报素(alarmins)”之下,以承认它们在快速动员免疫系统以保护免于宿主损伤方面的作用(Oppenheim和Yang,2005)。
AMP也可以通过合成来制备。
AMP对于本发明组合物是最优选组分之一。本发明人已经发现,AMP与麝香草酚、松油醇和烟酰胺组合能够在麝香草酚和松油醇的极低浓度下提供提升协同活性的组合物。
为了本发明的目的,最优选的AMP是LL-37。
AMP的量优选为0.01-10μg/g组合物,更优选0.1-5μg/g组合物,并且最优选1-5μg/g组合物。
本发明人已进一步发现,在本发明的协同抗微生物组合物中任选地添加AMP进一步增强抗微生物效益。
本发明的协同抗微生物组合物还包含化妆品可接受的基质。取决于应用种类,基质配方可以变化。
本发明的组合物优选为免洗型组合物的形式。免洗型组合物可以是雪花膏的形式或者可以是消毒剂组合物的形式。最优选的应用是手部消毒。
化妆品可接受的基质优选为乳膏、洗液、凝胶或乳液。
可以使用不同的化妆品可接受的乳化或非乳化体系和载体来制备个人护理组合物(免洗型)。非常适合的基质是乳膏。雪花膏是特别优选的。雪花膏基质通常包含5-25%的脂肪酸和0.1-10%的皂。雪花膏基质特别亲肤。在雪花膏基质中C12-C20脂肪酸是特别优选的,进一步更优选的是C14-C18脂肪酸。最优选的脂肪酸是硬脂酸。组合物中的脂肪酸更优选以组合物重量的5-20%的量存在。雪花膏基质中的皂包括脂肪酸的碱金属盐,例如钠盐或钾盐,最优选的是硬脂酸钾。雪花膏基质中的皂通常以组合物重量的0.1-10%,更优选0.1-3%的量存在。通常,个人护理组合物中的雪花膏基质通过取期望量的总脂肪物质并与期望量的氢氧化钾混合来制备。皂通常在混合期间原位形成。
特别合适的化妆品可接受的基质是包含油包水乳液的基质,该油包水乳液包含硅油作为连续相。油包水乳液优选包含交联硅酮弹性体共混物。
油包水乳液中包含硅酮弹性体共混物可以用作制备本发明组合物的化妆品可接受的基质。尽管可以使用硅酮流体,但是交联的硅酮弹性体是特别优选的。线性聚合物(例如二甲硅油)之间产生交联键使线性聚合物转化为硅酮弹性体。与硅酮流体聚合物对比,弹性体的物理性质通常取决于交联键的数目而不是分子量。硅酮弹性体膨胀的能力使它们成为对油相而言理想的增稠剂。当施用于皮肤或毛发时,弹性体具有非常光滑和柔软的感觉。它们也可以用作化妆品组合物中香料、维生素和其他添加剂的递送剂。
市售且适于包含在本发明组合物中并且被发现提供增强的稳定性的合适的硅酮弹性体共混物或凝胶是:DowEL-8051IN硅酮有机弹性体共混物[INCI名称:新戊酸异癸酯(和)二甲硅油/双异丁基PPG-20交联聚合物];EL-8050[INCI名称:异十二烷(和)二甲硅油/双异丁基PPG 20交联聚合物]DC 9040、DC9041、DC9045(二甲硅油交联聚合物);DC 9506、9509(二甲硅油乙烯基二甲硅油交联聚合物);Shin-Etsu KSG-15、KSG-16、KSG-17(二甲硅油乙烯基二甲硅油交联聚合物)。进一步优选组合物包含按组合物重量计5-50%的硅酮弹性体。
在洗去型组合物的情况下,除了前述必需成分以外,清洁组合物的优选实施方案还可以为其已知效益而包含其他任选和优选的成分。类型和含量在很大程度上会取决于清洁组合物的性质和类型以及配方科学的一般原则。
当组合物为皂条或液体皂形式时,优选组合物包含游离脂肪酸。优选的实施方案包含0.01-10wt%的游离脂肪酸,特别是当大部分表面活性剂是皂基表面活性剂时。可能合适的脂肪酸是C8-C22脂肪酸。优选的脂肪酸是C12-C18脂肪酸,优选主要是饱和直链脂肪酸。但是,也可以使用一些不饱和脂肪酸。当然,游离脂肪酸可以是短链长(例如C10-C14)和长链长(例如C16-C18)链脂肪酸的混合物。例如,一种有用的脂肪酸是源于高月桂酸甘油三酯的脂肪酸如椰子油、棕榈仁油和巴巴苏油(babasu oil)。脂肪酸可以直接掺入,或者它们可以通过在加工期间向皂中加入质子酸而原位生成。合适的质子酸的实例包括:无机酸(例如盐酸和硫酸)、己二酸、柠檬酸、乙醇酸、乙酸、甲酸、富马酸、乳酸、苹果酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸和聚丙烯酸。但是,应注意皂条中的残余电解质不实质上降低抗裂剂的有效性。链长为14个及更少碳原子的脂肪酸的含量通常应不超过连续相总重量的5.0%,优选不超过约1%,并且最优选为0.8%或更少。
水溶性/水分散性聚合物是任选的成分,其非常优选地包含在组合物中。这些聚合物可以是分子量大于100,000道尔顿的阳离子、阴离子、两性或非离子型聚合物。已知它们提高液体清洁组合物的粘度和稳定性,增强使用中和使用后的皮肤感官感觉,并增强泡沫乳脂状和泡沫稳定性。当存在时,聚合物的量可以为组合物重量的0.1-10%。
水溶性/水分散性聚合物的实例包括:糖胶,例如纤维素胶、微晶纤维素、纤维素凝胶、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、瓜尔胶、刺梧桐胶、黄蓍胶、阿拉伯胶、阿拉伯树胶、琼胶(gum agar)、黄原胶及其混合物;改性和非改性淀粉颗粒以及预胶化冷水可溶性淀粉;乳液聚合物,例如28、22或Aqua SF1;阳离子聚合物,例如改性多糖,包括可得自Rhone Poulenc的阳离子瓜尔胶,商品名为C13S、C14S、C17或C16;阳离子改性纤维素,例如得自Amerchol的Polymer JR 30或JR 40;得自Hercules的3000、3196、GPX 215或GPX 196;合成阳离子聚合物,例如Nalco出售的100、280、281以及550;阳离子淀粉,例如Staley Inc.出售的100、200、300和400;阳离子半乳甘露聚糖,例如Henkel的800系列;LM-200;以及高分子量聚乙二醇也是合适的,例如WSR-205(PEG14M)、WSR-N-60K(PEG 45)和WSR-301(PEG 90M)。
本发明的组合物还可以包含美白剂(skin-lightening agent)。除了作为本发明组合物必需组分之一存在的烟酰胺之外,还包含其他众所周知的美白剂,例如芦荟提取物、乳酸铵、熊果苷、壬二酸、曲酸、丁基羟基茴香醚、丁基羟基甲苯、柠檬酸酯、3-二苯基丙烷衍生物、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸及其衍生物、鞣花酸、茴香提取物、吡喃葡糖基-1-抗坏血酸酯、葡糖酸、乙醇酸、绿茶提取物、氢醌、4-羟基苯甲醚及其衍生物、4-羟基苯甲酸衍生物、羟基辛酸、柠檬提取物、亚油酸、抗坏血酸磷酸镁、桑根提取物、2,4-间苯二酚衍生物、3,5-间苯二酚衍生物、水杨酸、维生素(例如维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素A)、二羧酸、间苯二酚衍生物、羟基羧酸(例如乳酸)及其盐(例如乳酸钠),以及它们的混合物。
优选地,组合物可以含有防晒剂。可以合适地与基质一起使用的任何防晒剂都可以添加。UVA防晒剂和UVB防晒剂二者均可优选地添加。
本发明的组合物优选包含UV-A防晒剂,其为二苯甲酰基甲烷或其衍生物。优选的二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物选自4-叔丁基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-甲基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-异丙基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-叔丁基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2,4-二甲基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2,5-二甲基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4,4'-二异丙基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2-甲基-5-异丙基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2-甲基-5-叔丁基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷、2,4-二甲基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷或2,6-二甲基-4-叔丁基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷。最优选的二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物是4-叔丁基-4'-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷。以组合物的总重量计,本发明的组合物优选包含0.1-10重量%,更优选0.2-5重量%,进一步更优选0.4-3重量%的二苯甲酰基甲烷或其衍生物,并且包括其中包含的所有范围。
组合物优选包含UV-B有机防晒剂,其选自肉桂酸、水杨酸、二苯基丙烯酸及其衍生物。市售且可用于包含在本发明组合物中的UV-B防晒剂的示例性非限制性实例是OctisalateTM、HomosalateTM、NeoHelipanTM、OctocryleneTM、OxybenzoneTM或ParsolMCXTM。UV-B防晒剂最优选是2-乙基-己基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,其可从Parsol MCX购买。UV-B有机防晒剂优选以组合物重量的0.1-10%,更优选0.1-7%包含。已观察到,有机UV-B防晒剂(例如2-乙基-己基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸酯)的存在导致在UV辐射存在下UV-A二苯甲酰基甲烷防晒剂的更快速降解。发现迷迭香酸酯化合物的存在对于稳定组合物非常有效,即使在UV-B防晒剂存在时也非常有效。
有用的无机防晒剂也优选用于本发明中。它们包括例如氧化锌、氧化铁、二氧化硅(例如煅制二氧化硅)和二氧化钛。
防腐剂也可加入组合物中以免于可能有害的微生物的生长。对于本发明组合物合适的常规防腐剂是对羟基苯甲酸的烷基酯。最近开始使用的其他防腐剂包括乙内酰脲衍生物、丙酸盐和多种季铵化合物。特别优选的防腐剂是苯氧基乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、咪唑烷基脲、脱氢乙酸钠和苯甲醇。防腐剂的选择应考虑组合物的使用以及防腐剂与其他成分之间可能的不相容性。防腐剂的用量优选为组合物重量的0.01-2%。
多种其他任选的材料可以配制在组合物中。它们可以包括:抗微生物剂,例如2-羟基-4,2',4'-三氯二苯醚(三氯生)、2,6-二甲基-4-羟基氯苯和3,4,4'-三氯碳酰替苯胺;磨砂和去角质颗粒,例如聚乙烯和二氧化硅或氧化铝;清凉剂,例如薄荷醇;皮肤镇静剂,例如芦荟;以及着色剂。
此外,组合物可以进一步包含0-10重量%的遮光剂和珠光剂,例如乙二醇二硬脂酸酯、二氧化钛或621(苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物);所有这些成分都有助于增强产品的外观或性质。
除水以外的稀释剂可以包括液体或固体润肤剂、溶剂、湿润剂、增稠剂和粉末。这些类型的载体可以单独使用或作为一种或多种载体的混合物使用,每一种的实例如下:
润肤剂,例如硬脂醇、单蓖麻油酸甘油酯、貂油、鲸蜡醇、异硬脂酸异丙酯、硬脂酸、棕榈酸异丁酯、硬脂酸异鲸蜡酯、油醇、月桂酸异丙酯、月桂酸己酯、油酸癸酯、十八烷-2-醇、异鲸蜡醇、二十烷醇、山嵛醇、棕榈酸十六酯、硅油(例如二甲基聚硅氧烷)、癸二酸二正丁酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、聚乙二醇、三甘醇、羊毛脂、可可脂、玉米油、棉籽油、橄榄油、棕榈仁油、菜籽油、红花籽油、月见草油、大豆油、葵花籽油、鳄梨油、芝麻籽油、椰子油、花生油、蓖麻油、乙酰化羊毛脂醇、凡士林、矿物油、肉豆蔻酸丁酯、异硬脂酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸异丙酯、乳酸月桂酯、乳酸肉豆蔻酯、油酸癸酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯;
溶剂,例如乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙二醇单乙醚、二甘醇单丁醚、二甘醇单乙醚;
在皂条的情况下,其可以包含平均直径大于50μm的颗粒,以帮助去除干燥皮肤。不受理论束缚,去角质的程度取决于颗粒的大小和形态。大而粗糙的颗粒通常非常粗硬并且有刺激性。非常小的颗粒可能起不到有效的去角质剂的作用。本领域中使用的这种去角质剂包括天然矿物,例如二氧化硅、滑石、方解石、浮石、磷酸三钙;种子,例如米、杏核等;碎壳,例如杏仁和核桃壳;燕麦;聚合物,例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯珠,花瓣和叶;微晶蜡珠;荷荷巴酯珠等。这些去角质剂具有多种粒径和形态,范围从微米到几毫米。它们也有一定的硬度范围。一些实例是滑石、方解石、浮石、核桃壳、白云石和聚乙烯。
有利地,可以将除以上所限定的皮肤调理剂之外的活性剂加入组合物中。这些活性成分可以有利地选自杀菌剂、维生素、抗痤疮活性物质;抗皱、抗皮肤萎缩和皮肤修复活性物质;皮肤屏障修复活性物质;非甾体化妆品舒缓活性物质;人工晒黑剂和促晒剂;皮肤美白活性物质;防晒活性物质;皮脂刺激剂;皮脂抑制剂;抗氧化剂;蛋白酶抑制剂;皮肤紧致剂;止痒成分;毛发生长抑制剂;5-α还原酶抑制剂;脱屑酶促进剂;抗糖化剂;或它们的混合物;等等。
这些活性剂可以选自水溶性活性剂、油溶性活性剂、药学可接受的盐及其混合物。如本文所用,术语“活性剂”是指可用于向皮肤和/或毛发提供效益并且通常不用于赋予皮肤调理效益(例如由以上所限定的润肤剂提供的效益)的个人护理活性物质。如本文所所用,术语“安全有效量”是指活性剂的量足够高以改善待治疗的病况或提供期望的皮肤护理效益,但足够低以避免严重的副作用。如本文所用,术语“效益”是指与用本文所述的一种或多种活性剂治疗具体病况相关的治疗、预防和/或长期效益。活性剂的安全有效量会随具体的活性剂、活性物质穿透皮肤的能力、使用者的年龄、健康状况和皮肤状况以及其他类似因素而变化。
粉末,例如白垩、滑石粉、漂白土、高岭土、淀粉、树胶、胶体二氧化硅聚丙烯酸钠、四烷基和/或三烷基芳基铵蒙皂石、化学改性的硅酸铝镁、有机改性的蒙脱土、水合硅酸铝、煅制二氧化硅、羧乙烯基聚合物、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙二醇单硬脂酸酯。
化妆品可接受的基质通常为组合物重量的10-99.9%,优选50-99%,并且可以在不存在其他个人护理辅剂的情况下形成组合物的余量。
本发明的组合物可以包含常规的除臭剂基质作为化妆品可接受的载体。除臭剂是指用于个人除臭效益的棒状、滚动式或推进剂介质中的产品,例如,用于腋下区域的除臭剂,其可能包含或不包含止汗剂活性物质。
除臭剂组合物一般可以是坚硬固体、柔软固体、凝胶、乳膏以及液体的形式,并且使用适合于组合物的物理特征的涂抹器来分配。通过滚抹递送的除臭剂组合物一般包含液体载体。这种液体载体可以是疏水性的或者包含亲水性和疏水性液体两者的混合物。它们可以是乳液或微乳液的形式。液体载体或载体混合物通常构成组合物重量的30-95%且在许多情况下40-80%。疏水性液体载体通常可以包括选自硅氧烷类、烃类、支链脂族醇类、酯类以及醚类的化学类别的一种或多种材料,所述材料具有不高于25℃的熔点和至少100℃的沸点。可在本文中的组合物中使用的亲水性载体液体通常包括水和/或一元醇或多元醇或水可混溶的同系物。一元醇通常是短链的,这意味着它们含有至多6个碳原子,且实际上最通常是乙醇或者有时是异丙醇。多元醇通常包括乙二醇或丙二醇,或者可以使用同系物,例如二甘醇。除此之外,可以添加用于除臭剂组合物的合适的其他载体和组分。
优选地,当组合物是洗手液组合物的形式时,化妆品可接受的基质可以包含醇和水。最优选的醇类是乙醇和异丙醇。甚至两种或更多种醇的混合物可以优选地用在洗手液组合物中。醇的量优选为洗手液组合物重量的50-95%,更优选60-80%并且最优选65-80%。
本发明的组合物可以包含多种其他任选的组分。1992年的CTFA个人护理成分手册第二版(其整体援引加入本文中)描述了在皮肤护理工业中常用的多种非限制性个人护理和药物成分,这些个人护理和药物成分适合用在本发明的组合物中。实例包括:抗氧化剂、粘合剂、生物添加剂、缓冲剂、着色剂、增稠剂、聚合物、收敛剂、香料、湿润剂、遮光剂、调理剂、pH调节剂、天然提取物、精油、皮肤敏化剂(skin sensate)、皮肤舒缓剂以及皮肤修复剂。
本发明还公开了清洁或消毒表面的方法,在免洗型组合物的情况下,其包括将本发明的组合物施用至所述表面上的步骤。如果它是洗去型组合物的形式,则该方法任选地包括从表面至少部分去除组合物的附加步骤。优选地,在将组合物施用在基底上的步骤后5分钟内进行至少部分去除组合物的步骤。
本发明还公开了以上所公开的本发明的组合物用于改善抗微生物效益的用途。改善的抗微生物效益优选是指在施用本发明的组合物后,表面上的残留微生物明显更少。因此,本发明的组合物能够提供延长的/持久的抗微生物效益。本发明的组合物的优选预期用途是非治疗性的和/或化妆品的。
本发明还公开了以上所公开的本发明的组合物用于手部卫生的用途。
现在将通过以下非限制性实施例来说明本发明。
实施例
用于测定不同组合物的抗微生物活性的体外微量稀释试验:
用于该试验的生物是大肠杆菌ATCC 10536。
以下给出遵循的步骤:
a)首先,在10mM磷酸钠缓冲液中制备相当于106个细胞/mL的细菌悬浮液。为此目的,如下制备磷酸钠缓冲液:
-为了制备磷酸钠缓冲液,制作两种不同的溶液。通过将27.6g NaH2PO4.H2O(MW=138)溶于500mL MilliQ水中并用MilliQ水补足体积至1L来制备第一溶液。然后对其进行高压灭菌并在室温下储存。所得溶液的摩尔浓度是0.2。
-然后,通过将53.62g NaH2PO4.7H2O(MW=268.1)溶于500mL MilliQ水中并用MilliQ水补足体积至1L来制备第二溶液。然后对其进行高压灭菌并在室温下储存。所得溶液的摩尔浓度是0.2。
-将19mL第一溶液和81mL第二溶液一起添加,然后添加100mL MilliQ水以获得200mL摩尔浓度为0.1的磷酸钠缓冲液溶液(pH 7.4)。
-通过稀释上述溶液获得实验所需要的所需摩尔浓度水平。
b)然后取135μL/孔的上述细菌悬浮液并涂布在96孔微量滴定板中。
c)此后,对于所有样品在所有孔中添加15μL 100mM磷酸钠缓冲液。
d)然后,将所需测试组合物添加在用于测试的孔中。
e)反应体积对于所有测试样品都是300μL。通过添加水调节此反应体积。
f)测试了以下样品:
实施例A:仅培养物
实施例B:1%烟酰胺
实施例C:0.01%麝香草酚
实施例D:0.01%松油醇
实施例E:0.01%麝香草酚+0.01%松油醇
实施例F:0.01%法尼醇
实施例G:0.02%法尼醇
实施例H:1%烟酰胺+0.01%法尼醇
实施例I:1%烟酰胺+0.02%法尼醇
实施例1:1%烟酰胺+0.01%麝香草酚+0.01%松油醇
实施例2:1%烟酰胺+1μg/mL LL-37+0.01%麝香草酚+0.01%松油醇
为上述目的,麝香草酚购自印度Nishant Aromas(纯度:99%),松油醇也购自印度Nishant Aromas(纯度:99%),LL-37(AMP)购自Sigma(货号:94261),烟酰胺购自VeerChemicals(纯度:99%),并且法尼醇购自Sigma-Aldrich(货号:F203)。
g)上述测试(对于所有样品)的接触时间是4小时,并且将温度维持在约37℃。
h)在以上接触时间后,将培养物连续稀释并涂布在MacConkey琼脂培养基(购自Difco)上并将其放置24小时。此后,对残留菌落进行计数以测定细菌杀灭/残留对数。
在以下表1中总结了这些实验的结果:
表1:
实施例号 | 平均残留对数(CFU/mL) | SE* |
A | 6.41 | 0.04 |
B | 6.42 | 0.05 |
C | 6.35 | 0.06 |
D | 6.45 | 0.06 |
E | 6.19 | 0.07 |
F | 6.40 | 0.07 |
G | 6.35 | 0.04 |
H | 6.34 | 0.002 |
I | 6.36 | 0.03 |
1 | 5.64 | 0.13 |
2 | 3.26 | 0.22 |
*标准差
从上表中明显的是,本发明的组合物(实施例1和2)的残留对数显著低于对照实施例(实施例A至E)。还清楚的是,在本发明范围内的组合物比在本发明范围之外的组合物具有更好/改善的抗微生物性质。还可以从上表中看出,单独的麝香草酚(实施例C)和松油醇(实施例D)或者甚至低浓度的麝香草酚和松油醇的组合(实施例E)都未有效提供所需的抗微生物作用。然而,当在此低浓度下的麝香草酚和松油醇加入有烟酰胺(实施例1)和进一步加入有LL-37(实施例2)时,能够提供良好的抗微生物作用。从上表中可以进一步看出,不是所有的萜烯醇化合物(如法尼醇)当与烟酰胺组合时都提供所需的效益。
用于测试抗微生物效益的人类志愿者研究:
为此目的,制备以下免洗型组合物:
实施例J
基础免洗型(洗液)组合物:按照以下表1制备基础免洗型组合物:
表2:
成分 | wt% |
甘油 | 3 |
环戊硅氧烷 | 12 |
PEG-100硬脂酸酯 | 0.75 |
鲸蜡硬脂醇 | 2 |
丙烯酸酯交联聚合物 | 3 |
防腐剂 | 0.2 |
EDTA二钠 | 0.05 |
其他添加剂 | 3.4 |
水 | 至100 |
其他添加剂包括皮肤调理剂、粘度改进剂、香料以及色素。为以上目的,PEG-100硬脂酸酯得自Croda,丙烯酸酯交联聚合物得自Ganz Chemical,鲸蜡硬脂醇得自Croda,环戊硅氧烷(99%)得自Dow Corning。
实施例K
与实施例J的基础组合物一起,添加0.1wt%麝香草酚和0.1%松油醇。用组合物中的水量调节此量。
实施例L
与实施例J的基础组合物一起,添加2wt%的烟酰胺。用组合物中的水量调节此量。
实施例3
与实施例J的基础组合物一起,添加0.1wt%的麝香草酚、0.1%的松油醇和2wt%的烟酰胺。用组合物中的水量调节此量。
测试方案:
九(9)名志愿者在他们的自由同意下参加研究。
步骤1:
将市售皂条(非抗微生物的)给予每位志愿者以用于沐浴、清洗双手、清洗前臂等。指示这些志愿者仅使用皂条并避免使用任何免洗型产品(防晒霜、洗手液、皮肤保湿剂、洗液、乳膏、油、抗微生物产品等)持续7天。在第8天时,通过使用如下所述给出的洗手方案用皂清洗每位志愿者的双手(手掌)。
对于清洗方案,使用无菌蒸馏水。水的温度是约25℃。将皂浸在水中约10秒。此后,用约100mL水润湿每个手掌。然后,将润湿的皂跨手掌长度前后来回施用在手掌上5次。此后,将约5mL水添加在手掌上并用涂以皂沫约15秒。然后,用水清洗手掌以完全去除皂。通过使用无菌薄棉纸轻轻拍干来去除过量的水。
步骤2:使用如下在步骤3中给出的模板,在内前臂上标记面积为6.25cm2(2.5×2.5cm)的区域。每个前臂上总共制作4个方框(box),每个方框之间有2cm的间隙,并且距离手掌根部5cm的间隙也未用于研究。如果它变钝或被擦除,则给予每名志愿者一支标记笔以标记该区域。
步骤3:通过以下方式将如上制备的组合物(实施例A、B和C)施用在前臂上:
区域/方框-1:实施例J的基础制剂
区域/方框-2:实施例k的组合物
区域/方框-3:实施例L的组合物
区域/方框-4:实施例3的组合物
步骤3:在无菌的35mm塑料圆盘中分别称重各制剂的约62.5mg的等分试样并将其以施用在前臂上的方式给予志愿者。志愿者用手指在前臂上将各制剂施用在各画出的点上。使用不同的手指来施用每种制剂以避免污染。将制剂散布在区域上约60秒。在施用每种制剂后,用无菌薄棉纸擦拭手指,并且对于每种制剂也使用不同的手指。在完成制剂施用约30分钟后,志愿者收集一组由约62.5mg的每种制剂组成的制剂以在夜间(睡前)施用。
步骤4:在接下来的7天(包括第8天)重复步骤3,并且通知志愿者在第15天在不清洗前臂(优选未沐浴)的情况下来到研究现场。
步骤5:在第15天,使用由塑料片制成的模板,在每个方框内用标记笔标记2.54cm2的圆形区域。然后,通过使用如上所述给出的相同洗手方案,用皂清洗志愿者的前臂。
步骤6:在清洗双手后,指示志愿者等待约6小时。志愿者进行等待的房间的温度是约25℃,并且相对湿度是约50%。在整个等待期间,告知志愿者:(a)不要用手掌/衣服等触摸前臂,(b)不要在前臂上清洗或溅水,并且(c)不要走出研究房屋建筑(如家、工作间、车间等)。
步骤7:在(如步骤5中所述)清洗前臂约6小时后,将10μL测试细菌悬浮液添加在方框内的每个圆形区域上。为此目的,在10mM无菌磷酸钠缓冲液中制备相当于5×108至5×109个细胞/mL的大肠杆菌ATCC 10536的细菌培养物(约24小时的旧平板培养物)。在添加培养物后,通过使用移液器尖端将其散布在整个表面上约30秒。
步骤8:在如步骤7中所述施用培养物约15分钟后,将杯子放置在圆形区域上,然后在杯子内添加1mL取样缓冲液(杯子由聚四氟乙烯制成并且直径是1.8cm)。取样缓冲液是磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)。然后,研究指示员在聚四氟乙烯棒(0.3cm直径)的帮助下在杯子内擦洗皮肤以回收残留的细菌(按照ASTM E1874-14)。擦洗的持续时间是1分钟。将回收的残留细菌收集在无菌容器中用于分析。
步骤9:
使用标准微生物技术(在MacConkey琼脂平板上散布涂布)对具有如在步骤8中所收集的残留细菌的容器进行进一步分析,以确定残留细菌的量(对数cfu/手掌)。然后,将这些平板在37℃下培养约24小时。在24小时后,使用标准平板计数程序对菌落进行计数以确定平均残留对数(CFU/mL)。
以上研究的结果总结在以下表3中:
表3:
实施例号 | 平均残留对数(CFU/mL) | SE* |
J | 5.14 | 0.03 |
K | 4.75 | 0.04 |
L | 3.59 | 0.07 |
3 | 2.83 | 0.05 |
*标准差
从上表中明显的是,本发明的组合物(实施例3)的残留对数显著低于对照实施例(实施例F至H)。还清楚的是,在本发明范围内的组合物比在本发明范围之外的组合物在人类皮肤上具有更好/改善的抗微生物性质。从上表中进一步明显的是,本发明的组合物提供了延长的/持久的抗微生物效益。
Claims (15)
1.抗微生物组合物,其包含:
a)麝香草酚;
b)松油醇;
c)烟酰胺或其衍生物;以及
d)化妆品可接受的基质。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其进一步包含抗菌肽(AMP)。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述抗菌肽(AMP)是LL-37。
4.如前述权利要求之一所述的组合物,其中麝香草酚的量是所述组合物重量的0.001-5%。
5.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的组合物,其中松油醇的量是所述组合物重量的0.001-5%。
6.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的组合物,其中烟酰胺的量是所述组合物重量的0.1-5%。
7.如前述权利要求2-6之任一项所述的组合物,其中抗菌肽(AMP)的量是0.01-10μg/g所述组合物。
8.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物是免洗型组合物的形式。
9.如前述权利要求1-7之任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物是洗去型组合物的形式。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其进一步包含至少一种表面活性剂。
11.清洁或消毒表面的方法,其包括将前述权利要求之任一项的组合物施用至所述表面上的步骤。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述组合物是洗去型组合物的形式,并且其中存在至少部分去除所施用的组合物的附加步骤。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中在将所述组合物施用在基底上的步骤后少于5分钟内进行所述至少部分去除所述组合物的步骤。
14.前述权利要求1-10之任一项的组合物用于抗微生物效益的用途。
15.前述权利要求1-10之任一项的组合物用于手部卫生的用途。
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CN117064811A (zh) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-11-17 | 广东省华桑丽皙生物技术有限公司 | 含有蚕丝抗菌肽的组合物及其在化妆品中的应用 |
CN117064811B (zh) * | 2023-09-18 | 2024-04-12 | 广东省华桑丽皙生物技术有限公司 | 含有蚕丝抗菌肽的组合物及其在化妆品中的应用 |
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BR112018010456B1 (pt) | 2022-06-07 |
EP3389694A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
EP3389694B1 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
AR106981A1 (es) | 2018-03-07 |
BR112018010456A8 (pt) | 2019-02-26 |
BR112018010456A2 (pt) | 2018-11-21 |
MX2018007231A (es) | 2018-08-01 |
MX372702B (es) | 2020-05-27 |
US20180360724A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
US10449137B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
WO2017102610A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
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