CN108337928A - A kind of active delamination helix hack subsoiler and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an active spiral layered subsoil crushing machine and method, comprising: a frame, a transmission device, and a spiral subsoil crushing device. The frame is used to support and fix other devices, and is hooked or towed with the tractor suspension system to provide the traction force for the implement and the power required for the subsoil breaking device; the transmission device transfers the power of the power output shaft of the tractor and Pass to the screw deep loosening and crushing device; the spiral deep loosening and crushing device breaks the bottom layer of the plow by spiral rotation, and is used to replace the traditional deep loosening to realize the layered crushing function. The present invention adopts active layered spiral crushing Soil mode, through the active rotation of the layered spiral soil crushing teeth to break the bottom of the plow, so as to achieve the purpose of deep loosening and increasing moisture; for different land conditions, the soil crushing teeth with different parameters are designed to match a variety of rotation speed parameters, according to the ground conditions during operation The operation module is replaced to improve the operation effect; in the present invention, the parts touching the soil are in the dynamic process of rotation during the tillage process, which improves the service life of the main operation parts.

Description

An active layered spiral crushing subsoiler and method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and relates to an active layered spiral crushing subsoiler and a method, which can improve the field water storage and moisture conservation, drought and waterlogging prevention capabilities at the bottom of the crushing plow, loosen the field at the same time, increase the air phase component, and realize the grain production in the field. High and stable crop yields.

technical background

Subsoiling technology is an important agricultural conservation tillage technology, which can effectively break the plow bottom layer of cultivated land, improve soil water storage and moisture conservation, and drought and flood prevention capabilities. Field subsoiling is an indispensable mechanized operation for high crop yields.

Existing agricultural implements using subsoiling technology are mostly divided into two categories: subsoiling machinery and powder ridge machinery. On the one hand, simple subsoiling machines rely on the tip of the subsoiling shovel to cut through the bottom of the plow during subsoiling operations, and the bottom of the plow has not been completely broken, and the ability to improve soil water storage and drought and waterlogging is limited; in the face of increasingly severe land Due to the shortage of resources and food shortage, it is impossible to achieve the goal of increasing production and high production only by relying on traditional farming methods;

On the other hand, for the powder ridge machinery that has appeared in recent years, it penetrates the auger drill pipe into the ground and rotates perpendicular to the ground during the deep loosening and crushing operation, and breaks the field soil during the entire machine tool advancement process to achieve deep loosening of the powder ridge. , to achieve the goal of increasing production and high production. However, when it is working, the auger rod is perpendicular to the forward direction of the machine tool, and the resistance does not allow it to work too fast, and the efficiency is low; the traction power machine tool required is large in mass and volume, and the compaction of the soil is serious;

In summary, in view of the problems of unsatisfactory effects of various existing machines, low operating efficiency, and high energy consumption, there is an urgent need to invent an active spiral layered subsoil subsoiler and an operating method to achieve the operating effect of powder ridge machines. It is of great significance to solve the shortage of land resources and serious food problems while improving the effect of subsoiling operations and reducing the energy consumption required for powder ridge machines.

After searching the literature of the prior art, it was found that the Chinese invention patent "a powder ridge device for loose tillage and powder ridge machine" patent application number 201510328328.0, a kind of powder ridge device for loose tillage and powder ridge machine, has a large resistance during its operation, The operating efficiency is low and the cost is high, so it is not suitable for promotion and use under the existing national conditions. Chinese invention patent "a kind of subsoiling machine" patent application number 201720343341.8 adopts the method of adjusting the spacing of subsoiling shovels according to the row spacing of crops for subsoiling operations, and can adjust the reasonable operation spacing according to the width of crop seedling belts, but the subsoiling operation is only Breaking the bottom layer of the plow does not break it well to increase moisture, and the effect of increasing and stabilizing the production of field crops is not obvious.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the above technical deficiencies, the present invention provides an active spiral layered subsoil subsoiler and method, which can improve the working efficiency while breaking the plow bottom layer and increasing the moisture content of the crushed soil.

The specific technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: an active spiral layered subsoil breaker. Including: frame, transmission device, screw subsoiler and crushing device. The frame is used to support and fix other devices, and is hooked or towed with the tractor suspension system to provide the traction force for the implement and the power required for the subsoil breaking device; the transmission device transfers the power of the power output shaft of the tractor and Pass to the screw deep loosening and crushing device; the spiral deep loosening and crushing device breaks the bottom layer of the plow by spiral rotation, and is used to replace the traditional deep loosening tillage to realize the function of layered crushing and complete the operation of subsoiling and crushing soil preparation and increasing moisture , and the installation of the spiral subsoil crushing device is parallel to the forward direction, the forward speed can be faster than that of the powder ridge machine, and it is not easily deformed and damaged by external forces.

The frame is composed of mutually connected and fixed square pipes and suspension devices, and is used for installing and fixing other devices, and is connected with the suspension system of the tractor to carry out traction and power input to the implements.

The transmission device is integrally installed on the frame, and consists of a power input shaft, a power distribution device, and a soil barrier. The power input shaft is installed above the frame beam and connected to the power output shaft of the tractor, and the end of the power input shaft is connected to the power distribution device; the power distribution device includes a transfer case and a gearbox; the power distribution device is installed on the tractor The end of the output shaft of the transfer case is connected to the power input shaft of the gearbox, and the output end of the gearbox transmits the power to the screw deep loosening and crushing device; the gearbox in the power distribution device has three working gears: low, medium and high Different operating gears can be set according to the ground conditions. The operating speed of the screw crushing device is 5-10R/Min in the low gear, 10-15R/Min in the middle gear, and 10-15R/Min in the high gear. The operating speed of the screw crushing device is 15-25R/Min. The soil shield is installed outside the transmission device, and its overall cross-section is conical, which is used to protect the smooth transmission of the transmission part, the transmission teeth are lubricated smoothly, and the soil clods after plowing are discharged.

The spiral subsoil crushing device is composed of a tillage depth control device and a layered spiral crushing tooth set. The tillage depth control device is composed of a ground wheel, a rotary handle, and a lifter. The rotary handle is arranged at the upper end of the lifter, and the lower end of the lifter is provided with a ground wheel, which is installed on both sides of the frame. Use the rotary handle to control the height of the ground wheel through the lifter, so that the subsoiler can reach a suitable working height.

The layered spiral soil crushing tooth set includes a spiral soil crushing tooth assembly, a driving gear, and a direction changing idler gear; the driving gear is connected to the output end of the gearbox through the power output gear, installed at the lower end of the frame, and the end surface is connected to the screw. The soil crushing tooth assembly is fixedly connected, and the power of the tractor drives the spiral soil crushing tooth assembly to rotate through the transfer case and gearbox. Through the rotary motion of the spiral soil crushing tooth, the tillage layer and the bottom layer of the plow are loosened. The rotation direction of the soil tooth assembly is counterclockwise, and the left rotation direction is clockwise, which is conducive to the gathering of the broken soil to the middle seedling belt, and the effect of increasing moisture is better.

The spiral soil crushing tooth assembly includes a soil crushing tooth, a soil removal cone and a fixed support device; the soil crushing tooth is located at the front of the soil removal cone, and the head of the soil crushing tooth has a sharp angle, which is beneficial to the crushing of soil clods , which is fixedly connected to the cylinder at the end face of the soil-discharging cone, and the end of the cylinder at the end-face of the soil-discharging cone is fixedly connected with the driving gear, and the driving gear drives the rotation of the soil-crushing teeth. The soil removal cone is located in the middle of the soil-crushing teeth, and quickly removes the soil clods broken by the soil-crushing teeth, which is beneficial to further crushing of larger soil clods, and at the same time reduces the forward resistance of the implement. The fixed support device is located at the rear of the screw earth crushing tooth assembly, and is installed under the frame through bolts, and is axially fixed and circumferentially rotatable.

The soil breaking teeth structure is a group of helical wear-resistant steel materials with the same helix angle of θ. According to different geological fields, a variety of helix angles θ and contour curve radius R are provided. The helix angle θ is related to the cultivated Regional soil compactness P, soil bulk density ρ, soil type μ, rated forward speed v of the machine tool, and rated working depth of the soil crushing teeth are related, satisfying the relationship:

At the same time, the contour curve radius R satisfies:

According to the test and simulation, the effect of soil fragmentation and moisture increase is better at this time.

The operating method of a kind of active spiral layered soil subsoiler of the present invention is:

1) Equipment coupling: hang the operation equipment on the tractor suspension device, and connect the power input shaft in the transmission device with the tractor power output shaft;

2) Adjust the suitable subsoiling operation depth: use the rotary handle to control the lifter to drive the ground wheel to raise or lower the height, so that the operation tools can reach the appropriate operation depth;

3) Replacement of suitable spiral soil crushing teeth assembly: replace the helix angle and contour curve radius of soil crushing teeth according to field conditions, planting crops, field moisture content, etc.;

4) Parameter initialization of the power distribution device: use the soil compactness instrument to test the compactness of the field soil before the machine operation. 15-25R/Min; when the soil compactness is 4000KPa≥P≥5000KPa, the power distribution device is adjusted to the middle gear, and the operating speed of the screw crushing device is 10-15R/Min; when the soil compactness P≥5000KPa, the power distribution The device is adjusted to the low gear, and the operating speed of the screw crushing device is 5-10R/Min;

5) Subsoiling and land preparation operation: the tractor pulls the implements to work. During the initial operation, the screw crushing device starts to rotate, and the hydraulic lifting device of the tractor slowly presses the rotating spiral crushing device into the field to be plowed. After stable operation in the field, the operation speed can be gradually increased to achieve the purpose of improving operation efficiency.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects:

1. The present invention adopts the active layered spiral soil crushing method, and breaks the bottom layer of the plow through the active rotation of the layered spiral soil crushing teeth under the ground surface, so as to achieve the purpose of deep loosening and increasing moisture;

2. According to different ground conditions and fields, design different parameters of soil crushing teeth to match with various rotation speed parameters, and replace the operation module according to the ground conditions during operation to improve the operation effect;

3. In the present invention, the parts touching the soil are in the dynamic process of rotation during the tillage process, the resistance becomes smaller during the tillage process, and the service life of the main operating parts is improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the whole structural diagram of a kind of active spiral layered soil subsoiler;

Fig. 2 is a transmission device structural diagram of an active spiral layered soil subsoiler;

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the screw earth crushing tooth assembly;

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the screw earth crushing tooth assembly;

In the figure: 1, frame 2, suspension device 3, transfer case 4, gearbox 5, rotary handle 6, lifter 7, ground wheel 8, soil isolation cover 9, spiral crushing tooth assembly 10, power input shaft 11. Driving gear 12, direction changing idler 13, soil discharge cone 14, soil crushing tooth 15, fixed support device

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the patent of the present invention is further described. The invention provides an active spiral layered subsoil subsoiler, as shown in Figure 1, the frame (1) is composed of square tubes connected and fixed to each other and a suspension device (2) for installation and fixing Other devices are connected with the suspension system of the tractor to perform traction and power input on the implement.

The transmission device is integrally installed on the frame (1), and consists of a power input shaft (10), a power distribution device, and a soil isolation cover (8). The power input shaft (10) is installed above the frame (1) crossbeam, and is connected with the tractor power output shaft, and the end of the power input shaft (10) is connected with the power distribution device; the power distribution device includes a transfer case ( 3), gearbox (4); the power distribution device is installed on the frame (1), wherein the end of the output shaft of the transfer case (3) is connected with the power input shaft (10) of the gearbox (4), and the gearbox (4) The output end transmits the power to the screw deep loosening and crushing device; the gearbox (4) in the power distribution device has three working gears of low, medium and high, and different working gears can be set according to the ground conditions. The operating speed of the soil device is 5-10R/Min, the operating speed of the spiral soil breaking device is 10-15R/Min in the middle gear, and the operating speed of the screw soil breaking device is 15-25R/Min in the high gear. The soil cover (8) is installed outside the transmission device, and its overall cross-section is conical, which is used to protect the smooth transmission of the transmission part, the transmission teeth are lubricated smoothly, and the soil clods after plowing are discharged.

The spiral subsoil crushing device is composed of a tillage depth control device and a layered spiral crushing tooth set. The tillage depth control device is composed of a ground wheel (7), a rotary handle (5), and a lifter (6). The rotary handle (5) is arranged at the upper end of the lifter (6), and the lower end of the lifter (6) is provided with a Wheel (7), is installed in the both sides of frame (1). Use the rotating handle (5) to control the height of the ground wheel (7) through the lifter (6), so that the subsoiler can reach a suitable working height.

The layered spiral soil crushing tooth group comprises a spiral soil crushing tooth assembly (9), a drive gear (11), and a direction-changing idler wheel (12); the drive gear (11) is connected to the gearbox (4) through the power output gear ) connected to the output end, installed at the lower end of the frame (1), the end surface is fixedly connected with the screw soil crushing tooth assembly (9), and the power of the tractor drives the spiral soil crushing tooth assembly through the transfer case (3) and the gearbox (4) As (9) rotates, the tillage layer and the plow bottom layer are loosened by the rotating movement of the spiral soil crushing tooth (14). Along the forward direction of the implement, the rotation direction of the right spiral soil crushing tooth assembly (9) is counterclockwise, and the left side rotates The direction is clockwise, which is conducive to the gathering of the broken soil to the middle seedling belt, and the effect of increasing moisture is better.

The spiral soil-breaking tooth assembly (9) comprises a soil-breaking tooth (14), a soil-discharging cone (13) and a fixed support device (15); the soil-breaking tooth (14) is located at the soil-discharging cone (13) ) front, the head of the soil-breaking tooth (14) has a sharp angle, which is beneficial to the crushing of the soil block, and it is fixedly connected to the end face cylinder of the soil removal cone (13), and the end face cylinder of the soil removal cone (13) is connected to the drive gear (11) Fixedly connected, drive the rotary motion of broken soil tooth (14) by drive gear (11). The said soil removal cone (13) is located in the middle of the soil crushing tooth (14), and the soil clods broken by the soil crushing tooth (14) are quickly removed, which is beneficial to the further crushing of larger soil clods, while reducing the The forward resistance of the machine is reduced. The fixed support device (15) is located at the rear of the screw earth crushing tooth assembly (9), is installed under the frame (1) by bolts, and is axially fixed and circumferentially rotatable.

The structure of the soil-breaking teeth (14) is a group of helical wear-resistant steel materials with the same lift angle of θ, and various helix lift angles θ and contour curve radius R are provided for the soil-breaking teeth (14) for different geological fields. The lift angle θ is related to the soil compactness P, soil bulk density ρ, soil type μ, rated forward speed v of the implement, and rated working depth H of the soil-breaking teeth (14) in the cultivated area, satisfying the relationship:

At the same time, the contour curve radius R satisfies:

According to the test and simulation, the effect of soil crushing and increasing moisture is better at this time;

The operating method of a kind of active spiral layered soil subsoiler of the present invention is:

1) Equipment coupling: hang the operation equipment on the tractor suspension device, and connect the power input shaft in the transmission device with the tractor power output shaft;

2) Adjust the suitable subsoiling operation depth: use the rotary handle to control the lifter to drive the ground wheel to raise or lower the height, so that the operation tools can reach the appropriate operation depth;

3) Replacement of suitable spiral soil crushing teeth assembly: replace the helix angle and contour curve radius of soil crushing teeth according to field conditions, planting crops, field moisture content, etc.;

4) Parameter initialization of the power distribution device: use the soil compactness instrument to test the compactness of the field soil before the machine operation. 15-25R/Min; when the soil compactness is 4000KPa≥P≥5000KPa, the power distribution device is adjusted to the middle gear, and the operating speed of the screw crushing device is 10-15R/Min; when the soil compactness P≥5000KPa, the power distribution The device is adjusted to the low gear, and the operating speed of the screw crushing device is 5-10R/Min;

5) Subsoiling and land preparation operation: the tractor pulls the implements to work. During the initial operation, the screw crushing device starts to rotate, and the hydraulic lifting device of the tractor slowly presses the rotating spiral crushing device into the field to be plowed. After stable operation in the field, the operation speed can be gradually increased to achieve the purpose of improving operation efficiency.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of active spiral is layered hack Subsoiler machine, it is characterised in that：Including rack, transmission device, spiral subsoiling Soil crushing device；The rack, which is used to support, fixes other devices, and mounts or draw with tractor suspension system, is carried for equipment For power needed for tractive force and subsoiling soil crushing device；The transmission device is by tractor motive power output shaft power transfer and reaches Spiral subsoiling soil crushing device；The spiral subsoiling soil crushing device is crushed plough sole by spiral rotating, is used for replacing tradition deep Loose farming for realizing layering soil-crushing function, complete subsoiling hack site preparation increase moisture in the soil operation, and spiral subsoiling soil crushing device installation with Direction of advance is parallel, and forward speed can faster with respect to powdery ridge machinery, and being not susceptible to external force influences deformed damaged；

The rack is made of rectangular tube, the suspension arrangement being interconnected and fixed, for installing, fixing other devices, and with The suspension of tractor mutually mounts, and is drawn to equipment, power input；

The transmission device is mounted as a whole in rack, including power input shaft, distributing means for power supply, every soil cover constitute；Institute The power input shaft stated is installed on above housiung separator, and is connected in tractor motive power output shaft, power input shaft end with it is dynamic Power distributor connects；The distributing means for power supply includes transfer case, gearbox；Distributing means for power supply is installed in rack, Middle transfer case output shaft end inputs axis connection with gearbox dynamic, and power is reached spiral subsoiling hack and filled by gear box output end It sets；Gearbox has basic, normal, high three operation gears in the distributing means for power supply, can base area condition different work gear is set, In low-grade location, spiral soil crushing device operation rotating speed is 5-10R/Min, in middle gear, spiral soil crushing device operation rotating speed is 10- 15R/Min, in high tap position, spiral soil crushing device operation rotating speed is 15-25R/Min；Described is installed on transmission device every soil cover Outside, global sections are tapered, for protecting running part stable drive, driving cog to lubricate smooth and arrange the soil block after farming Go out；

The spiral subsoiling soil crushing device is made of tilth control device, delamination helix hack tooth group；The farming Depth control apparatus is made of land wheel, rotating handle, lifter, and rotating handle is located at lifter upper end, and lifter lower end is equipped with Land wheel is installed on the both sides of rack；The height for controlling land wheel by lifter using rotating handle, makes subsoiler reach suitable Operation height；

The delamination helix hack tooth group includes spiral hack tooth assembly, driving gear, deflecting idle pulley composition；Drive gear warp Power output gear connects with gear box output end, is installed on rack lower end, and end face is connected with spiral hack tooth assembly, tractor Power through transfer case and gearbox driving spiral hack tooth assembly rotation, by the rotary motion of spiral hack tooth by arable layer with Plough sole is loose, and along equipment direction of advance, right side hack tooth assembly direction of rotation is counterclockwise, and left side direction of rotation is up time Needle is conducive to gathering to middle thinning band for broken soil, and it is more excellent to increase moisture in the soil effect；

The spiral hack tooth assembly includes that hack tooth, casting cone and fixed support device are constituted；The hack tooth position in Front is bored in casting, and the stem of hack tooth has wedge angle, is conducive to the broken of soil block, is fixed on casting tapered end face cylinder, casting tapered end Face cylinder tip is connected with driving gear, by driving gear band to move the rotary motion of hack tooth；The casting cone Positioned at hack tooth centre position, hack tooth is broken up the clods quick exclusion, is conducive to being further crushed compared with large clod, simultaneously Reduce equipment advance resistance；The fixed support device is located at spiral hack tooth assembly rear portion, and machine is installed on by bolt Under frame, axial restraint is circumferentially rotatable；

The hack toothing provides a variety of for the helical abrasion-proof steel that one group of lift angle is all mutually θ for different geology crop fields Helix angle θ and contour curve radius R hack teeth, wherein helix angle θ and institute cultivation area soil density P, the soil weight The specified forward speed v of ρ, soil types μ, equipment, hack tooth nominal operation depth are related, meet relationship：

Profile sweep R meets simultaneously：

Through test simulation, it is more excellent to increase moisture in the soil effect at this point for soil breaking.

2. a kind of operational method of active spiral layering hack Subsoiler machine according to claim 1, feature exist In including the following steps：

1), equipment mounts：Work tool is hung to tractor hanging, by transmission device power input shaft with drag Machine drawing power output shaft is connected；

2) it, adjusts suitable for Subsoiler depth：It drives land wheel that height is raised and lowered using rotating handle control lifter, makes work Industry equipment reaches suitable depth of implements；

3) suitable spiral hack tooth assembly, is replaced：More according to big field condition, long-term cropping situation and crop field moisture soil moisture content etc. Change helix angle and contour curve radius hack tooth；

4), distributing means for power supply parameter initialization：Soil density instrument test field soil consolidation is used before equipment operation Degree, when soil density P≤4000KPa, distributing means for power supply is adjusted to high tap position, and spiral soil crushing device operation rotating speed is 15- 25R/Min；When soil density 4000KPa >=P >=5000KPa, distributing means for power supply is adjusted to middle gear, spiral soil crushing device Operation rotating speed is 10-15R/Min；When soil density P >=5000KPa, distributing means for power supply is adjusted to low-grade location, spiral hack Device operation rotating speed is 5-10R/Min；

5), subsoiling land preparation operation：Tractor-drawn equipment works, and in initial job, spiral soil crushing device starts to rotate, and draws Spiral soil crushing device indentation in rotation is slowly waited for farming crop field by machine hydraulic lifting apparatus, waits for that equipment is big completely into farming is waited for After operation is stablized in field, operating speed can be gradually promoted, reaches and improves operating efficiency purpose.