CN107371423A - A kind of tillage implement and its method for realizing latent topsoil retain water and nutrients performance - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tillage implement for realizing the performance of water and fertilizer retention in a submerged tillage layer, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. It includes a beam frame, a suspension frame, a transmission mechanism, a soil-breaking mechanism, a discharge mechanism, a soil-covering mechanism and a suppression mechanism; a soil-breaking mechanism, a material discharge mechanism, a soil-covering mechanism and a suppression mechanism are sequentially installed on the beam frame according to the forward direction of the machine tool; the beam frame The tractor is connected to the tractor through the suspension frame; the output power of the tractor is respectively connected to the soil-breaking mechanism and the discharge mechanism through the transmission mechanism. The discharge shovel of the shovel and the discharge mechanism corresponds to the large soil-breaking cutter head one by one, and the large soil-breaking cutter head breaks the soil to form a loose soil groove, the discharge shovel ditches and discharges materials, and the soil-covering shovel covers the soil to bury the fertilizer in the ground. The invention can discharge the fertilizer underground and mix it with soil to form a subcultivation layer, so as to realize the purpose of water and fertilizer conservation and the construction of a shallow plow layer to prevent soil desertification and salinization.

Description

A kind of tillage implement and method for realizing water and fertilizer retention performance of submerged layer

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a tillage machine tool and a method thereof for realizing the performance of water and fertilizer conservation in a submerged layer.

technical background

At present, my country's agricultural sector is facing serious soil degradation problems, and soil desertification and salinization are the main causes of soil degradation. After soil desertification, the nutrients and water in the soil are lost too quickly, which cannot provide a good guarantee for crop growth. Even if nutrients and irrigation water are artificially applied, they will be lost due to soil desertification and cannot be well preserved in the soil for crop growth. needed. A large amount of salt accumulated in saline-alkali soil will cause a series of soil physical and chemical properties to deteriorate: sticky structure, poor ventilation and water permeability, high bulk density, low fertility, slow nutrient release, which seriously affects the emergence and normal growth of crops, especially unfavorable The growth of the root system and the absorption and utilization of water and nutrients in the soil by the root system lead to physiological drought in the plant and inhibit growth. Due to the existence of the above problems, the sustainable development of agriculture has been adversely affected. Therefore, it is imperative to seek a measure with low input cost, no pollution, short improvement period, and simple and easy implementation.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the technical problems of soil degradation mentioned above, the present invention provides a tillage machine and its method for realizing the performance of water and fertilizer conservation in subcultivated tillage layers.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A tillage machine tool for realizing the performance of water and fertilizer retention in the submerged tillage layer, comprising a beam frame, a suspension frame, a transmission mechanism, a soil-breaking mechanism, a material discharge mechanism, a soil-covering mechanism, and a suppression mechanism; Mechanism, discharge mechanism, soil covering mechanism and suppression mechanism; the beam frame is connected to the tractor through the suspension frame; the output power of the tractor is respectively connected to the soil breaking mechanism and the material discharging mechanism through the transmission mechanism. The large soil-breaking cutter head corresponds to the position of the seedling belt. The soil-covering shovel of the soil-covering mechanism and the discharge shovel of the discharge mechanism correspond to the large soil-breaking cutter head one by one. Cover the soil with a shovel and bury the fertilizer in the ground.

Further, one side of the rotating shaft of the soil-breaking mechanism is connected to the side transmission box, and the large soil-breaking cutterhead is composed of a cutterhead, a bracket and blades; four layers of blades are arranged on the cutterhead, which are respectively installed on both sides of the cutterhead and passed through The brackets are fixed on both sides of the cutter head, and each layer is equipped with at least 3 blades, which are evenly arranged along the circumference; the adjacent blades on both sides of the cutter head are arranged staggered along the circumference, and the two layers of adjacent blades fixed on the cutter head by the bracket Staggered along the circumference.

Further, the blade is an arc curved blade.

Further, the discharge mechanism includes a hopper, a stirring mechanism and a discharge shovel; the hopper is installed on a beam frame to hold straw particles or organic fertilizer granules, and the discharge end has the same number of holes as the discharge shovel. The agitating mechanism is installed in the hopper, which drives the fertilizer in the hopper to move towards each outlet, and is discharged through the discharge shovel.

Further, the discharge shovel includes a discharge bin, a fixed rod and a ditching shovel; the fixed rod is connected to the beam frame, and a plurality of adjustment holes are arranged on the fixed rod, and the installation of the fixed rod is adjusted by connecting different adjustment holes. Height; the ditching shovel is connected to the fixed rod and the lower end of the discharge bin, and the discharge bin is connected to the outlet of the hopper, and the fertilizer is stored and discharged from the outlet of the hopper; the rear end of the side of the discharge bin is provided with a discharge port that will enter the discharge bin fertilizer discharge.

Further, the adjustable height range of the adjustment hole is 100-200mm.

Further, the trenching width w of the trenching shovel is 150-200mm.

Further, the stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft, a support rod and a stirring blade; one end of the stirring shaft extends out of the hopper and is connected with the transmission mechanism, and the number of groups of the stirring blades is the same as that of the discharge shovel, and each group of stirring blades All of them are spirally arranged along the agitation shaft through the support rods, and guide the fertilizer in the discharge bin to be discharged along the discharge port.

Further, organic fertilizer particles with a diameter of less than 50 mm are discharged from the hopper, and after being mixed with soil 100 mm below the ground surface, a tillage layer with a width of 200 mm is formed.

Further, straw particles with a diameter of 8-12 mm are discharged from the hopper, forming a layer of straw particles with a width of 200 mm and a thickness of 30 mm to 50 mm between 150 mm and 200 mm on the ground surface.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention forms a tillage layer of 200 mm by discharging organic fertilizer particles with a diameter less than 50 mm below the ground surface 100 mm through the cooperation and synergy of the soil-breaking mechanism, stirring mechanism, and discharge mechanism, and realizing the construction of a subcultivation layer , Improve soil quality, prevent soil desertification and salinization purposes.

2. The present invention forms a layer of straw particles with a width of 200 mm and a thickness of 30 mm to 50 mm between 150 mm and 200 mm on the ground surface by discharging straw particles with a diameter of about 10 mm. When nutrients and water infiltrate, the straw particle layer can absorb and store nutrients and water in a certain space, providing nutrient and water reserves for crop growth, thereby achieving the purpose of water and fertilizer conservation.

3. The stirring mechanism of the present invention guides the fertilizer to flow to the discharge port through the spirally arranged stirring blades, so as to facilitate the discharge of the fertilizer to the discharge shovel. Through the structural design of the large soil-breaking cutter head of the soil-breaking mechanism, it is beneficial to break the soil to form a loose soil groove, which is beneficial to the subsequent discharge shovel to open trenches and discharge fertilizers, and ensure that the fertilizer and soil are mixed to form a potential tillage layer.

4. The present invention has simple and compact structure, small weight of the whole machine, low manufacturing cost and strong applicability, and can solve the problem of declining soil quality of cultivated land at present.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the stirring mechanism in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a left side view of Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the large soil-breaking cutter head in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5 .

Fig. 7 is a left side view of Fig. 6 .

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the discharge shovel in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 9 is a plan view of FIG. 8 .

In the figure: 1. Large soil-breaking cutter head; 2. Side transmission box; 3. Gearbox; 4. Suspension frame; 5. Hopper; 6. Passive large sprocket; 7. Beam frame; 8. Discharging shovel; Shovel; 10, pressure roller; 11, stirring shaft; 12, output shaft; 13, stirring plate; 14, driving small sprocket; 15, transmission chain; 16, rotating shaft; 17, support rod; 18, blade; 19, bracket ; 20, cutter head; 21, ditching shovel; 22, fixed rod; 23, discharge bin; 24, discharge port; 25, adjustment hole.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment: A submerged layer construction machine with water and fertilizer conservation functions of the present invention includes a beam frame 7, a suspension frame 4, a transmission mechanism, a soil breaking mechanism, a discharge mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a suppression mechanism; The ground-breaking mechanism, discharge mechanism, soil-covering mechanism and suppression mechanism are installed in sequence according to the forward direction of the implement; the beam frame 7 is connected with the tractor through the suspension frame 4; It is formed by setting a large soil-breaking cutterhead 1 on the rotating shaft 16. The soil-breaking large cutterhead 1 corresponds to the position of the seedling belt. The soil-covering shovel 9 of the soil-covering mechanism and the discharge shovel 8 of the discharge mechanism correspond to the soil-breaking large cutterhead 1 one by one. 3 groups, the large soil-breaking cutter head 1 breaks the soil to form a soil loosening groove, the discharge shovel 8 ditches and discharges materials, and the soil-covering shovel 9 covers the soil, and the fertilizer is buried in the ground.

One side of the rotating shaft 16 of the ground-breaking mechanism is connected to the side transmission, 2, and the power is transmitted to the large ground-breaking cutterhead 1. The large soil-breaking cutterhead 1 is composed of a cutterhead 20, a bracket 19 and a blade 18; Layer blades 18 are respectively installed on both sides on the cutter head 20 and are fixed on both sides on the cutter head 20 by brackets 19, and each layer is provided with 3 blades 18 at least, which are evenly arranged along the circumference; The blades 18 are staggered along the circumference, and two layers of adjacent blades 18 fixed on the cutter head 20 through the bracket 19 are staggered along the circumference. The blade 18 is an arc curved blade.

The discharge mechanism includes a hopper 5, an agitating mechanism and a discharge shovel 8; For the same number of outlets, the agitating mechanism is installed in the hopper 5 to drive the fertilizer in the hopper 5 to move toward each outlet and be discharged through the discharge shovel 8 .

The discharge shovel 8 includes a discharge bin 23, a fixed rod 22 and a ditching shovel 21; the fixed rod 22 is connected with the beam frame 7, and the fixed rod 22 is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes 25, by connecting different adjustment holes 25 adjust the installation height of the fixed rod 22; the ditching shovel 21 is connected to the lower end of the fixed rod 22 and the discharge bin 23, and the discharge bin 23 is connected with the discharge port of the hopper 5 to store the fertilizer discharged from the hopper 5; the discharge bin 23 The rear end of the side is provided with a discharge port 24 to discharge the fertilizer entering the discharge bin 23 . Further, the adjustable height range of the adjustment hole is 100-200mm. The ditching width w of the ditching shovel is 150-200 mm; it is selected or adjusted according to actual needs.

The stirring mechanism comprises a stirring shaft 11, a support rod 17 and a stirring blade 13; one end of the stirring shaft 11 stretches out from the hopper 5, and is connected with a transmission mechanism, and the number of groups provided by the stirring blade 13 is the same as that of the discharge shovel 8, There are 3 groups in this example, each group of agitating blades 13 is helically arranged along the agitating shaft 11 through the support rod 17, and guides the fertilizer in the discharge bin 23 to be discharged along the discharge port 24.

As shown in Figure 1, the transmission mechanism includes a gearbox 3, an output shaft 12, a chain transmission mechanism and a side transmission box 2, the gearbox 3 is connected with the universal joint of the tractor, and the power is output by the tractor, and the output of the gearbox 3 The shafts are respectively connected to the chain transmission mechanism and the side transmission box 2; the chain transmission mechanism is connected to the stirring shaft 11 of the discharge mechanism, and the side transmission box 2 is connected to the rotating shaft 16 of the soil breaking mechanism.

Described chain transmission mechanism comprises active small sprocket 14, drive chain 15 and passive large sprocket 6, described active small sprocket 14 is fixed on the output shaft of gearbox 3, and passive large sprocket 6 is fixed on the agitation of the discharge mechanism. On the shaft 11, the driving small sprocket 14 and the passive large sprocket 6 are connected by a transmission chain 15.

Working process of the present invention is:

The gearbox 3 of the present invention is connected with the universal joint of the tractor and obtains power, and transmits the power to the side transmission box 2 and the driving small sprocket 14 through the output shaft 12; on the one hand, the side transmission box 2 transmits the power to the rotating shaft 16. The rotating shaft 16 drives the big cutterhead 1 for breaking the soil and stretches into the soil and rotates to form a soil loosening groove. On the other hand, the active small sprocket 14 transmits power to the passive large sprocket 6 through the drive chain 15, and the passive large sprocket 6 drives the stirring shaft 11 and the support rod 17 and the stirring plate 13 installed on the stirring shaft 11 to rotate, driving The straw particles or organic fertilizer particles in the hopper 5 move toward the outlet of the hopper 5 and then enter the discharge bin 23 . The ditching shovel 21 ditches along the soil loosening groove to form a discharge ditch; the discharge port 24 guides the straw particles or organic fertilizer row particles entering the discharge bin 23 into the discharge ditch; by adjusting the depth of the ditching shovel 21, the fertilizer buried depth in the soil. The soil-covering shovel 9 backfills the soil disturbed by the discharge shovel 8 into the discharge ditch opened by the discharge shovel 8 . The soil backfilled by the soil-covering shovel 9 is suppressed by the compaction roller 10 .

Among the present invention, the quantity of the large cutter head 1 for breaking the soil, the discharge shovel 8 and the soil covering shovel 9 increases or decreases in equal amounts according to the demand, so as to meet the needs of production. An adjusting plate is arranged at the discharge opening 24 to adjust the width of the discharge opening to adapt to the discharge of fertilizers of different particles and to adjust the discharge amount.

The present invention adjusts the installation height of the discharge shovel 8 and the size of the discharge port 24, discharges organic fertilizer particles with a diameter less than 50mm below the ground surface 100mm, and forms a 200mm tillage layer after being mixed with the soil, thereby realizing the construction of a subcultivation layer and improving Soil quality, the purpose of preventing soil desertification and salinization.

The present invention adjusts the installation height of the discharge shovel 8 and the size of the discharge port 24 to discharge straw particles with a diameter of about 10 mm, forming a layer of straw particles with a width of 200 mm and a thickness of 30 mm to 50 mm between the ground surface of 150 mm to 200 mm. When nutrients and water infiltrate, the straw particle layer can absorb and store nutrients and water in a certain space, providing nutrient and water reserves for crop growth, thereby achieving the purpose of water and fertilizer conservation.

Claims (10)

1. A cultivating implement that realizes the water and fertilizer conservation performance of submerged tillage layer, it is characterized in that: comprise beam frame, hanger frame, transmission mechanism, soil-breaking mechanism, discharge mechanism, covering soil mechanism and suppressing mechanism; Press on described beam frame The ground-breaking mechanism, material-discharging mechanism, soil-covering mechanism and suppression mechanism are installed sequentially in the forward direction of the implement; the beam frame is connected to the tractor through the suspension frame; the output power of the tractor is respectively connected to the ground-breaking mechanism and the material-discharging mechanism through the transmission mechanism. The large soil-breaking cutter head is set up, and the big soil-breaking cutter head corresponds to the position of the seedling belt. The soil-covering shovel of the soil-covering mechanism and the discharge shovel of the discharge mechanism correspond to the big soil-breaking cutter head one by one. Shovel the ditch and discharge the material, cover the soil with the shovel and bury the fertilizer in the ground. 2. A kind of cultivating equipment for realizing the water and fertilizer conservation performance of the submerged layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: one side of the rotating shaft of the soil-breaking mechanism is connected to a side transmission box, and the large soil-breaking cutter head is composed of a cutter head, a support and blades; four layers of blades are set on the cutter head, which are respectively installed on both sides of the cutter head and fixed on both sides of the cutter head through brackets. Each layer is equipped with at least 3 blades, which are evenly arranged along the circumference; on the cutter head Adjacent blades on both sides are staggered along the circumference, and two layers of adjacent blades fixed on the cutter head through brackets are staggered along the circumference. 3 . The cultivating implement for realizing the water and fertilizer retention performance of the submerged layer according to claim 2 , wherein the blade is an arc-shaped blade. 4 . 4. A kind of cultivating implement for realizing the water and fertilizer retention performance of the submerged layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the discharge mechanism includes a hopper, a stirring mechanism and a discharge shovel; the hopper is installed on the beam frame , used to hold straw granules or organic fertilizer granules. The discharge end has the same number of outlets as the discharge shovel. The stirring mechanism is installed in the hopper to drive the fertilizer in the hopper to move in the direction of each outlet. The discharge shovel discharges. 5. A kind of cultivating implement realizing the performance of submerged soil water and fertilizer conservation as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the discharge shovel comprises a discharge bin, a fixed rod and a ditching shovel; the fixed rod and the beam There are multiple adjustment holes on the fixed rod, and the installation height of the fixed rod can be adjusted by connecting different adjustment holes; the ditching shovel is connected to the lower end of the fixed rod and the discharge bin, and the discharge bin is connected to the discharge port of the hopper. The fertilizer is stored and discharged from the mouth of the hopper; the rear end of the side of the discharge bin is provided with a discharge port to discharge the fertilizer entering the discharge bin. 6 . The cultivating machine tool for realizing the water and fertilizer retention performance of the submerged layer according to claim 5 , wherein the height adjusted by the adjustment hole is in the range of 100-200 mm. 7 . 7 . The cultivating machine tool for realizing water and fertilizer retention in the submerged layer according to claim 5 , wherein the ditching width w of the ditching shovel is 150-200 mm. 8 . 8. A kind of cultivating implement realizing the performance of submerged soil water and fertilizer conservation as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft, a support rod and a stirring blade; one end of the stirring shaft stretches out of the hopper, Connected with the transmission mechanism, the number of groups of the agitating blades is the same as the number of discharge shovels, and each group of agitating blades is helically arranged along the agitating shaft through the support rod to guide the fertilizer in the discharge bin to be discharged along the discharge port. 9. The method for using the described implement of claim 1 to build a shallow plowing layer is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer particles with a diameter of less than 50mm are discharged in the hopper, and the plowing layer with a width of 200mm is formed after being mixed with soil under the ground surface 100mm . 10. The method for retaining water and fertilizer by using the machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: straw particles with a diameter of 8-12 mm are discharged in the hopper, forming a width of 200 mm between 150 mm and 200 mm on the ground surface, and a thickness of 30 mm to 50 mm layer of straw particles.