CN102027820A - Planting method and equipment for shallow plowing, weeding, ditching and soil covering - Google Patents

Abstract

A planting method and equipment for shallow plowing, weeding, ditching, and soil covering. The invention mainly uses a shallow plowing and ditching mechanism to perform shallow plowing and weeding, stubble removal, and ditching and covering soil synchronously. The function of stubble removal and ditching and soil covering, the ditching depth is controlled at about 15-20cm, and the depth of shallow plowing is about 3-5cm. The rotary tillage ditching cutter head is installed in the middle of the shaft. In order to ensure the normal function of shallow tillage and weeding, the overlap rate of two adjacent blades is within 0.5-1cm when the shallow tillage blade is installed. The installation positions of the cultivating knives should be 5-6cm apart to ensure the stability of the drainage ditch.

Description

A planting method and equipment for shallow tillage, weeding, ditching and covering soil

technical field

The invention relates to a rapeseed mechanized planting production process, which is particularly suitable for the rapeseed mechanized planting method and equipment in rice stubble fields.

Background technique

The existing rapeseed planting method is mainly to open drainage ditch, sow, fertilize and cover soil with seed fertilizer after harvesting of one-season rice or late rice. Since a large amount of high rice stubble and weeds (≤60cm) remain in the field after mechanized harvesting, It affects the follow-up sowing operation, and has a great impact on the rowing and uniformity of the seeds. In particular, it is difficult to ensure the position of the seeds falling, and some seeds will fall on the straw, resulting in a low germination rate of the seeds in the field, which seriously Affected the overall number of seedlings emerging in the field after sowing. Due to the existence of high rice stubble and weeds, if they are not removed in time, they will continue to grow and consume part of the nutrients in the soil, which also brings certain difficulties to chemical weeding. At present, rape planting mainly promotes no-tillage direct seeding, but the soil surface of no-tillage is difficult to provide a good seedbed environment for seeds, which is not conducive to the growth and development of the root system. If the method of sowing after plowing is used, it will be difficult to produce due to the high cost promote.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and equipment for shallow tillage, weeding, weeding, ditching, ditching and soil covering planting, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

The technical problem solved by the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:

(1) A kind of planting method of shallow plowing, weeding and ditching:

The invention mainly adopts the shallow plowing and ditching mechanism to carry out the synchronous operations of shallow plowing and weeding, stubble removal and ditching and soil covering, and implements the functions of shallow plowing and weeding, stubble removal and ditching and soil covering for the high rice stubble in the rice stubble field at one time. The trenching depth is controlled at about 15-20cm, and the depth of shallow plowing is below 8cm. The blades of shallow plowing are installed obliquely with right-angle blades, or installed vertically with machetes. A rotary tillage ditching cutter head is installed in the middle of the cutter shaft on the same cutter shaft. In order to ensure the normal function of shallow tillage and weeding and avoid entanglement of grass, the overlap rate of two adjacent blades is 0.5-1cm when the shallow tillage blade is installed. Within the scope, on both sides of the rotary tiller disc, the installation positions of the shallow tiller should be 5-6cm apart to ensure the stability of the drainage ditch. The operating speed of drainage ditches and shallow plowing, weeding and stubble removal is guaranteed to be between 320-350r/min. Before shallow plowing and ditching, fertilizer can be sprinkled in advance or a fertilizer applicator with shallow plowing and ditching function can be used for fertilization, and then Shallow plowing and ditching operations ensure sufficient mixing between soil and fertilizers, and bury them in the lower layer of soil so as not to volatilize quickly and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers; The seeder with shallow plowing and ditching function performs sowing operations, allowing seeds to be sown on the surface of the plowed soil. After shallow plowing and ditching, the soil surface is flat, loose and free of weeds, providing a good seed bed for seeds to germinate.

(2) A shallow tillage, weeding, ditching and soil covering planting equipment

The present invention mainly consists of a fertilizer box, a fertilizer discharge pipe, a seed box, a seed meter, a seed row and fertilizer drive chain, a ground wheel, a ditching shovel, a side drive chain box, a ditching knife, a shallow plowing ditching frame, a shallow Cultivator knife, shallow tillage knife shaft, ditching cutter head, fertilizer discharge pipe, seed discharge pipe.

Through the ground wheel and the seed and fertilizer transmission chain, the seed and fertilizer device is driven to perform seed and fertilizer discharge. The seeds and fertilizer fall to the ground through the seed and fertilizer pipes, and the universal joint is driven by the power output shaft of the tractor. The power is transmitted to the side transmission chain box to drive the shaft of the shallow tillage knife to rotate. The trenching cutter head and the shallow tillage knife are installed on the shallow tillage knife shaft. The rotation of the shallow tillage knife shaft drives the rotation of the trencher and shallow tillage knife to complete the opening Ditch and shallow tillage. The well ditch cutter head and the straight blade in the middle will open a rectangular cross-section ditch, and the soil clods in the ditch will be thrown to both sides by the machete, and the rotary tillage cover above will block the soil clods and reflect them to both sides, and then pass through The side throwing and bulldozing action of the shallow cultivating knife makes the soil in the ditch become finer and more uniform after multiple collisions and cuttings, and the shallow tilling knife on both sides cuts the surface soil on the car surface Soil loosening, plowing and weeding and lateral bulldozing are used to complete the functions of weeding, loosening soil and leveling topsoil on the surface of the box to be sown. Fertilizer is installed at the front, and fertilization is applied before ditching and soil covering, so that the soil and chemical fertilizers can be fully mixed; seed is arranged at the back, so that the seeds are arranged above the cultivated soil layer, and the number and emergence rate of seedlings can be increased. Six fertilizer dischargers ensure the vertical installation of the fertilizer discharge pipe, which improves the reliability of fertilizer discharge; the seeding height reaches a reasonable seeding height, so that the seeding pipe has a sufficient installation angle, and the inclination is not large, Sowing smoothly.

The implementation process of the present invention is as follows:

When this planting method is implemented, the above-mentioned shallow plowing and ditching mechanism is firstly used, and the existing wheeled tractor is used to mount the operation to complete the shallow plowing of the rice stubble field and the ditching and soil covering operations, and the shallow plowing is completed while the drainage ditches are opened. For stubble removal, ensure that the depth of the drainage ditch is 15-20cm, the ditch wall is smooth and vertical, and the bottom of the ditch is flat and clean; In the range of 10cm, it is evenly mixed with the soil. The box surface is in the middle and is 5-8cm higher than the side of the ditch. The transverse section of the box surface is triangular, and the drainage effect is better. The overall width of the box surface is 2m. Before the shallow plowing and ditching process is implemented, the compound fertilizer must be spread to the field manually or by a fertilizer applicator. According to the standard of 50kg/mu, the fertilizer can be fully mixed with the soil after the shallow plowing and ditching operation, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved. . After the shallow plowing and ditching operation is completed, drill or sow on the box surface, according to the amount of 4-6 taels/mu, or use a seeder to sow the seeds on the box surface. In this way, the planting operation process of rapeseed is completed.

Beneficial effect:

The present invention has the following advantages:

①According to the technological measures, seven processes including shallow plowing, weeding, stubble removal, ditching, soil covering, sowing and fertilization can be completed at one time;

②The use of shallow plowing and ditching mechanism can realize the function of weeding on the surface of the car surface, physical weeding, and play a certain positive role in environmental protection;

③Using the shallow plowing and ditching mechanism can realize the stubble removal treatment of the original rice stubble, ensure that the rice stubble is evenly mixed with the soil after being broken, improve the fertility of the soil, reduce the total amount of fertilizer used in the growth of rapeseed, and have Conducive to root growth of crops;

④ Shallow plowing and ditching mechanism can realize surface soil loosening, and the loosened topsoil is mixed with crushed weeds and rice stubble stalks, providing a good seed bed for seed germination.

⑤ Apply fertilizer before the shallow plowing and ditching mechanism works, which is conducive to the organic mixing of fertilizer and soil, and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer;

⑥Sow after shallow plowing and ditching mechanism, and the seeds are sown on the surface of the finely divided soil, which is conducive to improving the germination rate of the seeds. Compared with the seeds covered with the soil layer after sowing, the emergence time is shortened, and the entire growth period is shortened, which is beneficial to the crops in the coming year increase in production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a left view of a kind of shallow plowing, weeding, ditching, ditching and soil covering planting equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front view of a kind of shallow plowing, weeding, ditching, ditching and soil covering planting method of the present invention;

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific illustrations.

Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, a planting equipment for shallow tillage, weeding, ditching, ditching and soil covering mainly consists of a fertilizer box [1], a fertilizer discharger [2], a seed box [3], a seed metering device [4], and a drive for seed and fertilizer discharge Chain [5], ground wheel [6], ditching shovel [7], side drive chain box [8], ditching knife [9], shallow tillage ditching frame [10], shallow tillage knife [11] , shallow plowing knife shaft [12], ditching cutter head [13], fertilizer discharge pipe [14], seed discharge pipe [15] to form.

Through the ground wheel [6] and the seed and fertilizer discharge chain [5], the seed and fertilizer discharge device [4] is driven to perform seed and fertilizer discharge, and the seeds and fertilizer pass through the seed discharge pipe [15] and the fertilizer discharge pipe [14] falls to the ground, drives the universal joint at the power output shaft of the tractor, and then transmits the power to the side transmission chain box [8], drives the shallow tillage knife shaft [12] to rotate, and the shallow tillage knife shaft [12] is equipped with Ditching cutter head [13] and shallow plowing knife [11], shallow plowing knife shaft [12] rotate to drive ditching knife and shallow plowing knife to rotate, complete ditching and shallow plowing operations. The ditching cutter head and the straight blade in the middle will open a rectangular cross-section ditch. The soil clods in the ditch will be thrown to both sides by the machete, and the upper rotary tillage cover will block the soil clods and reflect them to both sides. The side throwing and bulldozing action of the shallow plowing knife makes the soil clods in the ditch become finer and more uniform after repeated collisions and cuttings. The shallow plowing knives on both sides cut and loosen the surface soil of the box surface, plow and weed and bulldoze sideways, and complete the functions of weeding, loosening soil and leveling the topsoil on the box surface to be sown. Fertilizer is installed at the front, and fertilization is applied before ditching and soil covering, so that the soil and chemical fertilizer can be fully mixed; seed row is arranged at the back, so that the seeds are arranged above the cultivated soil layer, and the number and rate of emergence of seedlings can be increased. Six fertilizer dischargers ensure the vertical installation of the fertilizer discharge pipe and improve the reliability of fertilizer discharge; the seeding height reaches a reasonable seeding height, so that the seeding pipe has a sufficient installation angle and the inclination is not large. Sowing smoothly.

When this planting method is implemented, the above-mentioned shallow plowing and ditching mechanism is firstly used, and the existing wheeled tractor is used to mount the operation to complete the shallow plowing of the rice stubble field and the ditching and soil covering operations, and the shallow plowing is completed while the drainage ditches are opened. For stubble removal, ensure that the depth of the drainage ditch is 15-20cm, the ditch wall is smooth and vertical, and the bottom of the ditch is flat and clean; In the range of 10cm, it is evenly mixed with the soil. The box surface is in the middle and is 5-8cm higher than the side of the ditch. The transverse section of the box surface is triangular, and the drainage effect is better. The overall width of the box surface is 2m. Before the shallow plowing and ditching process is implemented, the compound fertilizer must be spread to the field manually or by a fertilizer applicator. According to the standard of 50kg/mu, the fertilizer can be fully mixed with the soil after the shallow plowing and ditching operation, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved. . After the shallow plowing and ditching operation is completed, drill or sow on the box surface, according to the amount of 4-6 taels/mu, or use a seeder to sow the seeds on the box surface. In this way, the planting operation process of rapeseed is completed.

The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. shallow plowing weeding trench digging earthing kind method for planting, the shallow plowing ditcher mechanism that adopts in the planting process is formed by articulating frame, furrower, drive chain case, ditching knife, shallow plowing cutter, shallow plowing trench digging cutter shaft, trench digging cutterhead etc., and its architectural feature is;

(1) before the shallow plowing trench digging process implementing, must be artificial earlier or adopt fertilizer distributor that compound fertilizer is spread the field, according to the standard of 50kg/ mu, guarantee that fertilizer can mix fully with soil after the shallow plowing ditching operation, the raising utilization rate of fertilizer;

(2) finish the stubble-cleaning shallow plowing in rice stubble field and the earthing operation of ditching, finish shallow winter breaking when holding the drain ditch successfully, guarantee depth of drainage ditch at 15-20cm, furrow bank is smooth vertical, and bottom of trench is smooth clean.

(3) the railway carriage or compartment face shallow plowing degree of depth is at 3-5cm, can realize weeding function, can realize the stubble-cleaning function to preceding crop, and stubble-cleaning is complete, the stubble-cleaning rate is more than 98%, the rice stubble stalk of smashing is in the 5-10cm scope, evenly mix with soil, railway carriage or compartment face integral width is 2m, and railway carriage or compartment face lateral cross section is triangular in shape, the centre exceeds 5-8cm than limes marginis, and drainage effect is better.

2. a shallow plowing weeding trench digging earthing is planted equipment, comprise fertilizer can, fertilizer apparatus, seed-box, seeding unit, seeding fertilizer driving chain, land wheel, furrower, side driving chain case, ditching knife, the shallow plowing Ditching machine frame, the shallow plowing cutter, the shallow plowing cutter shaft, the trench digging cutterhead, defertilizing tube, discharging tube, it is characterized in that, by land wheel and seeding fertilizer driving chain, drive seed and fertilizer-expelling unit and carry out seeding and fertilizer, seed and fertilizer fall earthward by discharging tube and defertilizing tube, drive universal joint in tractor motive power output shaft, again transmission of power is arrived side driving chain case, drive the rotation of shallow plowing cutter shaft, trench digging cutterhead and shallow plowing cutter are housed on the shallow plowing cutter shaft, the rotation of shallow plowing cutter shaft drives ditching knife and the shallow plowing cutter rotatablely moves, and finishes trench digging and shallow plowing operation.

3. a kind of shallow plowing weeding trench digging earthing plantation equipment according to claim 2 is characterized in that described complete machine adopts trifilar suspension formula structural design, can articulate fast with wheel tractor.

4. a kind of shallow plowing weeding trench digging earthing plantation equipment according to claim 2 is characterized in that, has arranged six fertilizer apparatuss and two seeding units on the described complete machine, makes that fertilizer is more smooth and easy and seeds elimination structure is compact more.

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