CN108306281A - A kind of four Port Translation device of part isolated form and its control method based on two-way full-bridge DC/DC converters - Google Patents
A kind of four Port Translation device of part isolated form and its control method based on two-way full-bridge DC/DC converters Download PDFInfo
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- CN108306281A CN108306281A CN201810178877.8A CN201810178877A CN108306281A CN 108306281 A CN108306281 A CN 108306281A CN 201810178877 A CN201810178877 A CN 201810178877A CN 108306281 A CN108306281 A CN 108306281A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
本发明涉及直流微电网领域，具体是一种基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器及其控制方法。本发明解决了传统多端口变换器的端口没有隔离，能量单向流动，使用场合、电压等级有限制，成本高的问题。该四端口总共有四个对外的连接端口，其中，两个连接光伏发电单元，一个连接储能系统，另一个连接直流母线。两个光伏发电单元和储能系统之间用Boost变换器连接，保障了能量来源的可靠性；储能系统和直流母线之间用双向全桥DC/DC变换器连接，能量可以双向流动，而且实现了隔离。本发明详细设计了储能系统、光伏发电单元与直流母线的功率交换机制，稳定直流母线电压，保障了供电的稳定性。本发明适用于直流微电网，具有良好的技术经济性。
The invention relates to the field of DC microgrids, in particular to a partially isolated four-port converter based on a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter and a control method thereof. The invention solves the problems that the ports of the traditional multi-port converter are not isolated, the energy flows in one direction, the application occasions and voltage levels are limited, and the cost is high. The four ports have a total of four external connection ports, two of which are connected to the photovoltaic power generation unit, one is connected to the energy storage system, and the other is connected to the DC bus. The two photovoltaic power generation units and the energy storage system are connected by a Boost converter, which ensures the reliability of the energy source; the energy storage system and the DC bus are connected by a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, so that energy can flow in both directions, and Isolation is achieved. The invention designs in detail the power exchange mechanism of the energy storage system, the photovoltaic power generation unit and the DC bus, stabilizes the voltage of the DC bus, and ensures the stability of power supply. The invention is suitable for DC micro-grids and has good technical and economical efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及直流微电网领域，具体是一种基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器及其控制方法。The invention relates to the field of DC microgrids, in particular to a partially isolated four-port converter based on a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着日益严重的能源危机和环境污染，太阳能光伏(PV)和风能等可再生能源越来越多地被使用。然而，可再生能源的间断性和负荷需求的不可预测性给这些清洁能源的广泛推广带来了挑战。多端口变换器是把各个互相独立的DC/DC变换器集中，形成一个具有多个端口的变换器。将多端口变换器应用到微电网中去，可以取代系统中各个分立的两端口变换器，减少使用功率器件和无源器件的数量，从而降低成本，提高光伏的发电效率和功率密度。微电网中多端口变换器可以同时连接和控制多个电源端口，并具有功率密度高、效率高、动态性能好以及结构紧凑的特点，已成为国内外学者研究的热点，同时也在工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。With the increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental pollution, renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy are increasingly used. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and the unpredictability of load demand pose challenges to the widespread deployment of these clean energy sources. The multi-port converter gathers the independent DC/DC converters to form a converter with multiple ports. The application of multi-port converters to microgrids can replace individual two-port converters in the system, reduce the number of power devices and passive devices used, thereby reducing costs and improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency and power density. The multi-port converter in the microgrid can connect and control multiple power ports at the same time, and has the characteristics of high power density, high efficiency, good dynamic performance and compact structure. more and more widely used.
针对多端口变换器电路拓扑，国内外学者已经进行了大量的研究，并且提出了一些多端口变换器电路拓扑结构。一些文献提出了几种不同的端口变换器电路拓扑结构，但多个端口只能单向传输能量到其中一个端口，降低了微网的灵活性。还有一些提出了一种非隔离型三端口DC/DC变换器电路拓扑结构，该结构可以减少组件数量，而且结构紧凑。但由于所有的三端口直接连接，端口之间没有隔离，只适用于不需要电流绝缘的场合，同时其电压只能通过占空比来调制，电压增益是有限，且能量不能双向流动。因此，有关学者设计了一种隔离型变换器，采用高频变压器实现了端口隔离，同时很好地匹配不同端口间的不同电压等级，并实现能量双向流动。然而，这种变换器中使用的元件数量非常大，成本过高，而且效率受到影响，造成很大的浪费。因此，现有多端口变换器均存在诸多缺陷，限制了其推广使用。Aiming at the circuit topology of multi-port converters, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research and proposed some multi-port converter circuit topologies. Several literatures have proposed several different port converter circuit topologies, but multiple ports can only transfer energy to one of the ports unidirectionally, which reduces the flexibility of the microgrid. Still others have proposed a non-isolated three-port DC/DC converter circuit topology that reduces component count and is compact. However, since all three ports are directly connected, there is no isolation between the ports, and it is only suitable for occasions that do not require galvanic isolation. At the same time, its voltage can only be modulated by the duty cycle, the voltage gain is limited, and energy cannot flow in both directions. Therefore, relevant scholars have designed an isolated converter, which uses a high-frequency transformer to achieve port isolation, and at the same time matches different voltage levels between different ports well, and realizes bidirectional flow of energy. However, the number of components used in this converter is very large, the cost is too high, and the efficiency is affected, resulting in a lot of waste. Therefore, there are many defects in the existing multi-port converters, which limit their popularization and use.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为了解决传统多端口变换器的端口没有隔离，能量单向流动，使用场合、电压等级有限制，成本高的问题，提供了一种基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器及其控制方法。实际微网中只需要实现直流母线和直流电源之间的隔离，各电源之间无需隔离，采用部分隔离型设计可以在保证可靠性的前提下降低成本。In order to solve the problems of traditional multi-port converters that the ports are not isolated, the energy flows in one direction, the use occasions and voltage levels are limited, and the cost is high, the present invention provides a partially isolated four-way converter based on a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter. Port changer and control method thereof. In the actual microgrid, only the isolation between the DC bus and the DC power supply needs to be realized, and there is no need for isolation between the power supplies. The partial isolation design can reduce costs while ensuring reliability.
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的：一种基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器，包括两个Boost变换器和一个双向全桥DC/DC变换器，两个Boost变换器和一个双向全桥DC/DC变换器形成四个对外的连接端口，其中，两个端口连接光伏发电单元，一个端口连接储能系统，另一个端口连接直流母线，光伏发电单元和储能系统之间用Boost变换器连接，储能系统和直流母线之间用双向全桥DC/DC变换器连接。The present invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a partially isolated four-port converter based on a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, including two Boost converters and a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, two Boost The converter and a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter form four external connection ports, of which two ports are connected to the photovoltaic power generation unit, one port is connected to the energy storage system, and the other port is connected to the DC bus, the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage system The systems are connected by a Boost converter, and the energy storage system and the DC bus are connected by a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter.
上述的一种基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器，其控制方法包括光伏发电单元控制方法和能量双向流动控制方法，能量双向流动控制方法中有包括储能系统控制方法和双向全桥DC/DC变换器控制方法。The above-mentioned partially isolated four-port converter based on a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, its control method includes a photovoltaic power generation unit control method and a bidirectional energy flow control method, and the bidirectional energy flow control method includes energy storage system control Method and bidirectional full bridge DC/DC converter control method.
光伏发电单元控制方法为：光伏发电单元出口电压电流U pv、I pv输入到MPPT模块，经运算得到占空比指令，再经过PWM调制得到Boost变换器中IGBT的控制信号，通过控制IGBT的通断实现光伏最大功率跟踪。The control method of the photovoltaic power generation unit is as follows: the output voltage and current U pv and I pv of the photovoltaic power generation unit are input to the MPPT module, and the duty cycle command is obtained through calculation, and then the control signal of the IGBT in the Boost converter is obtained through PWM modulation. Continuously realize photovoltaic maximum power tracking.
储能系统控制方法采用基于直流母线的电压U dc的下垂控制，从而实现储能系统对母线电压的调节，为避免U dc正常小范围波动时双向全桥DC/DC变换器导通，对直流母线电压进行分区控制，设定U L2、U L1、U H1、U H2为储能系统充放电工作的电压阈值，[U L1,U H1] 为双向全桥DC/DC变换器非工作区，[U L2,U H2]为直流微电网正常运行时母线电压允许波动范围，通过检测U dc，根据下垂特性可计算出储能系统充/放电电流的参考值I ref，当U L1≤U dc ≤U H1时，储能系统不进行充放电；当U H1<U dc≤U H2时，储能系统充电；当U L2≤U dc <U L1时，储能系统放电。The control method of the energy storage system adopts the droop control based on the voltage U dc of the DC bus, so as to realize the regulation of the bus voltage by the energy storage system . The bus voltage is controlled by partition, and U L2 , U L1 , U H1 , U H2 are set as the voltage thresholds for charging and discharging of the energy storage system, [ U L1 , U H1 ] are the non-working areas of the bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, [ U L2 , U H2 ] is the allowable fluctuation range of the bus voltage during the normal operation of the DC microgrid. By detecting U dc , the reference value I ref of the charging/discharging current of the energy storage system can be calculated according to the droop characteristics. When U L1 ≤ U dc When ≤ U H1 , the energy storage system does not charge and discharge; when U H1 < U dc ≤ U H2 , the energy storage system charges; when U L2 ≤ U dc < U L1 , the energy storage system discharges.
双向全桥DC/DC变换器控制方法采用单移相闭环控制，首先储能系统给定参考电压U dcref与直流母线电压U dc相比较后送入电压PI调节器，电压PI调节器输出值经过限幅器后得出移相占空比D 1的值，然后移相占空比D 1经过移相PWM发生器输出经过移相的PWM波形对双向全桥DC/DC变换器的开关管进行PWM调制。The control method of the bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter adopts single-phase-shift closed-loop control. First, the given reference voltage U dcref of the energy storage system is compared with the DC bus voltage U dc and then sent to the voltage PI regulator. The output value of the voltage PI regulator is passed through After the limiter, the value of the phase-shift duty ratio D 1 is obtained, and then the phase-shift duty ratio D 1 passes through the phase-shift PWM generator to output the phase-shifted PWM waveform to the switching tube of the bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter. PWM modulation.
本发明所提供的上述一切基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离性四端口变换器及其控制方法，与现有的技术相比，所具有的优点与积极效果在于：（1）通过双向全桥DC/DC变换器能更好地匹配不同端口间的不同电压等级，且实现能量双向流动和电气隔离。（2）相对于非隔离型与隔离型多端口变换器，部分隔离型四端口变压器既能满足大多场合的使用，又能减少开关管的使用，节省成本。（3）双向全桥DC/DC变换器采用移相控制有利于能量的管理优化，同时易于实现功率开关管软开关。（4）通过设计两个光伏输入端口更好的匹配与DC/DC变换器的传输功率。Compared with the existing technology, all the above-mentioned partially isolated four-port converters based on bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converters and their control methods provided by the present invention have advantages and positive effects: (1) through The bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter can better match different voltage levels between different ports, and realize bidirectional energy flow and electrical isolation. (2) Compared with non-isolated and isolated multi-port converters, partially isolated four-port transformers can not only meet the needs of most occasions, but also reduce the use of switch tubes and save costs. (3) The bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter adopts phase-shift control, which is beneficial to energy management optimization, and at the same time, it is easy to realize soft switching of the power switch tube. (4) By designing two photovoltaic input ports to better match the transmission power of the DC/DC converter.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器结构图。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a partially isolated four-port converter based on a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter according to the present invention.
图2是本发明所涉及四端口变换器控制框图。Fig. 2 is a control block diagram of the four-port converter involved in the present invention.
图3是本发明所涉及四端口变换器工作模式的能量流动图，图中：（a）表示光伏发电单元与储能系统共同给直流母线提供能量，（b）表示光伏发电单元为储能系统与直流母线提供能量，（c）表示光伏发电单元不发电，储能系统给直流母线提供能量。Figure 3 is an energy flow diagram of the working mode of the four-port converter involved in the present invention, in which: (a) indicates that the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage system provide energy to the DC bus together, and (b) indicates that the photovoltaic power generation unit is an energy storage system Provide energy with the DC bus, (c) means that the photovoltaic power generation unit does not generate electricity, and the energy storage system provides energy for the DC bus.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器，包括两个Boost变换器和一个双向全桥DC/DC变换器，两个Boost变换器和一个双向全桥DC/DC变换器形成四个对外的连接端口，其中，两个端口连接光伏发电单元，一个端口连接储能系统，另一个端口连接直流母线，光伏发电单元和储能系统之间用Boost变换器连接，储能系统和直流母线之间用双向全桥DC/DC变换器连接。A partially isolated four-port converter based on a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, including two Boost converters and a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter, two Boost converters and a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC The converter forms four external connection ports, of which two ports are connected to the photovoltaic power generation unit, one port is connected to the energy storage system, and the other port is connected to the DC bus. The photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage system are connected by a Boost converter. The energy system and the DC bus are connected by a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter.
上述的基于双向全桥DC/DC变换器的部分隔离型四端口变换器的控制方法，其具体展开如下：包括光伏发电单元控制方法和和能量双向流动控制方法，能量双向流动控制方法中有包括储能系统控制方法和双向全桥DC/DC变换器控制方法。The control method of the above-mentioned partially isolated four-port converter based on the bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter is specifically developed as follows: it includes a photovoltaic power generation unit control method and a bidirectional energy flow control method, and the bidirectional energy flow control method includes An energy storage system control method and a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter control method.
光伏发电单元控制方法：光伏发电单元工作于最大功率跟踪（MPPT）模式，光伏单位出口电压电流U pv、I pv输入到MPPT模块，经运算得到占空比指令，再经过PWM调制得到Boost变换器中IGBT的控制信号，通过控制IGBT的通断实现光伏最大功率跟踪。Photovoltaic power generation unit control method: The photovoltaic power generation unit works in the maximum power tracking (MPPT) mode, the output voltage and current U pv and I pv of the photovoltaic unit are input to the MPPT module, and the duty cycle command is obtained through calculation, and then the Boost converter is obtained through PWM modulation The control signal of the IGBT in the middle can realize the maximum power tracking of the photovoltaic by controlling the on-off of the IGBT.
储能系统控制方法：储能系统的充放电是通过光伏发电单元所提供的能量与直流负荷所需能量的供需关系决定的，目标是维持直流母线电压稳定。储能系统通过双向全桥DC/DC变换器与直流母线进行能量交换，变换器采用基于直流母线的电压U dc的下垂控制，从而实现储能系统对母线电压的调节。为避免U dc正常小范围波动时变换器导通，对直流母线电压进行分区控制，设定U L2、U L1、U H1、U H2为储能系统充放电工作的电压阈值，[U L1,U H1] 为变换器非工作区，[U L2,U H2]为直流微电网正常运行时母线电压允许波动范围。通过检测U dc，根据下垂特性可计算出储能系统充/放电电流的参考值I ref，当U L1≤Udc≤U H1时，储能系统不进行充/放电；当U H1<U dc≤U H2时，储能系统充电；当U L2≤U dc <U L1时，储能系统放电。Energy storage system control method: The charging and discharging of the energy storage system is determined by the supply and demand relationship between the energy provided by the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy required by the DC load, and the goal is to maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage. The energy storage system exchanges energy with the DC bus through a bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter. The converter adopts droop control based on the voltage U dc of the DC bus to realize the regulation of the bus voltage by the energy storage system. In order to prevent the converter from being turned on when U dc fluctuates in a normal small range, the DC bus voltage is controlled by divisions, and U L2 , U L1 , U H1 , and U H2 are set as the voltage thresholds for charging and discharging of the energy storage system, [ U L1 , U H1 ] is the non-working area of the converter, and [ U L2 , U H2 ] is the allowable fluctuation range of the bus voltage during the normal operation of the DC microgrid. By detecting U dc , the reference value I ref of the charging/discharging current of the energy storage system can be calculated according to the droop characteristics. When U L1 ≤ Udc ≤ U H1 , the energy storage system does not charge/discharge; when U H1 < U dc ≤ When U H2 , the energy storage system is charged; when U L2 ≤ U dc <U L1 , the energy storage system is discharged.
双向全桥DC/DC变换器控制方法采用单移相闭环控制，首先储能系统给定参考电压U dcref与直流母线电压U dc相比较后送入电压PI调节器，电压PI调节器输出值经过限幅器后得出移相占空比D 1的值，然后移相占空比D 1经过移相PWM发生器输出经过移相的PWM波形对双向全桥变换器的开关管进行PWM调制。The control method of the bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter adopts single-phase-shift closed-loop control. First, the given reference voltage U dcref of the energy storage system is compared with the DC bus voltage U dc and then sent to the voltage PI regulator. The output value of the voltage PI regulator is passed through After the limiter, the value of the phase-shift duty ratio D1 is obtained, and then the phase-shift duty ratio D1 is passed through the phase-shift PWM generator to output the phase-shifted PWM waveform to perform PWM modulation on the switching tube of the bidirectional full-bridge converter.
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