CN108300485A - It is a kind of to be used to administer the soil conditioner in salt-soda soil and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of soil conditioners for administering salt-soda soil, are made of the raw material components of following parts by weight：22 30 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 42 55 parts of desulfurated plaster, 20 35 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 15 parts of water-retaining agent, 15 20 parts of humic acid, 6 10 parts of zeolite, 60 75 parts of organic fertilizer.In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods for administering the soil conditioner in salt-soda soil.The present invention is using sodium carboxymethylcellulose, desulfurated plaster, biogas residue fertilizer, water-retaining agent, humic acid, zeolite, organic fertilizer as modifying agent, reduce the salt content of alkaline land soil, increase the organic substrate of soil, the soil conditioner improved effect of the present invention is lasting, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability is strong, using the soil conditioner of the present invention, it further reduced the pH value in salt-soda soil, improve the ability of soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping, and raw material sources are simple, effectively handled the organic matters such as agricultural waste material and people and animals' fecaluria.

Description

A kind of soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

Saline-alkali land refers to the land where the salt content in the soil is large and the pH value of the soil is high, which affects the normal growth of crops. In arid and semi-arid areas, the salt contained in the bottom soil and groundwater, due to ground evaporation, will cause the salt water to rise to the surface layer with the capillary action of the soil. After the water evaporates, the salt will remain on the soil surface and accumulate. And form saline-alkali land. The surface soil of saline-alkali land is mostly dry and white, and even forms salt crust, hardened and cracked, with high mineralization and strong corrosion, which can destroy plant cell tissue and hinder plant growth. High salinity soil can even directly rot the root system of plants cause plant death. The problem of soil salinization and secondary salinization has become an unavoidable problem in agricultural production, affecting economic development, threatening the stability of oasis ecosystems, and is the main obstacle restricting agricultural development in arid areas. Reasonable way to solve it.

At present, the chemical method used to control saline-alkali land is the method of applying soil amendments. The types of existing soil conditioners are mainly solid and liquid. Although these improvers have a certain effect on improving saline-alkali soil, they cannot be popularized on a large scale due to limitations such as complex production processes, high costs and other conditions.

As the world population continues to grow and the area of arable land continues to decrease, it is of great significance to improve the use of saline-alkali soil. In recent years, my country has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in increasing the area of cultivated land and improving saline-alkali soil. On the other hand, my country produces a large amount of crop waste every year, and most of the crop waste is burned as fuel, which not only wastes resources, but also seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment with smoke and carbon dioxide produced by combustion. In addition, organic matter such as human and animal excrement and urine has not been rationally utilized in some places. Using these organic matters such as crop straw waste and human and animal excrement and urine as the matrix of soil amendments in saline-alkali land can not only improve soil structure, increase arable land area, It can reduce the pollution of crop waste to the environment, and can achieve the effect of economical rationality, local materials, and treatment of waste with waste, which has certain economic value.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to aim at the technical defects existing in the prior art, and provide a soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali soil, which can effectively reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil, make full use of crop straw waste, and effectively reduce secondary The damage caused by pollution to the soil is a soil conditioner used to control saline-alkali land to increase crop production.

The first object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land, which is made of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 22-30 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 42-55 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 20-35 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 6-10 parts of zeolite, 60-75 parts of organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land is made of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 28 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 50 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 25 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, and 3 parts of water-retaining agent , 18 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of zeolite, 65 parts of organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are respectively urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the weight ratio of the three is 6:5:3.

Preferably, the biogas residue fertilizer is a fertilizer formed by fermenting organic matter such as crop stalks and human and livestock manure.

Preferably, the water retaining agent is polyacrylamide, acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked product or starch grafted acrylate copolymer cross-linked product.

Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of the soil conditioner that is used to control saline-alkali land, concrete preparation steps are as follows:

(1) Raw material components are calculated in parts by weight. Weigh 22-30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 42-55 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 20-35 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent, and 15- parts of humic acid. 20 parts, 6-10 parts of zeolite, 60-75 parts of organic fertilizer;

(2) The above-mentioned raw materials are evenly stirred and mixed, and then dried, and the dried materials are passed through 80-120 mesh sieves to obtain the preparation.

The invention also protects the application of a soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land in soil improvement of saline-alkali land.

It should be noted that, in the above-mentioned preparation method of a soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land, what is used for stirring, mixing and drying is a conventional process, that is, the above-mentioned components are weighed in parts by weight, and then each component is added Put it into a mixer, mix evenly, and dry to obtain the soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land.

In recent years, desulfurized gypsum has been developed as a saline-alkali soil improver. The difference between desulfurized gypsum powder and general gypsum powder lies in the difference in physical composition. Desulfurized gypsum powder also contains silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfite, Limestone, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, etc. Compared with other gypsum powders, desulfurized gypsum powder has the characteristics of regeneration, small particle size, stable composition, low content of harmful impurities, and high purity. After applying desulfurized gypsum in saline-alkali land, the pH of the soil will be reduced. effect.

Zeolite has good ion exchange and exchange selectivity. In agriculture, it can keep fertilizer, waterproof, and prevent pests and diseases. It can not only loosen the soil, but also improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. It can prevent diseases, resist stress, and resist Waterlogging, cold resistance, dry and hot wind resistance, lodging resistance, premature aging prevention, control of plant diseases and insect pests, adjustment of continuous cropping, maintenance of land fertility, unique effects of increasing economic benefits.

In the soil improver for controlling saline-alkali land of the present invention, the raw material of desulfurized gypsum is easy to obtain, and has a good effect on adjusting the pH of saline-alkali land, effectively reduces the pH of the soil, can fertilize the soil, and consolidate the improvement effect of the soil. Humic acid has Fertilizer efficiency, improving soil, stimulating crop growth, improving the quality of agricultural products and other functions, after adding humic acid, it can effectively improve the exchange, adsorption, complexation and combination with metal ions. The rational use of organic matter such as crop waste and human and livestock manure and urine can be fermented as organic fertilizers to improve soil structure and provide nutrients for the growth of crops. In addition, water-retaining agents have the ability to store water and fertilizer, which can improve soil performance.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The present invention uses sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue fertilizer, water-retaining agent, humic acid, zeolite, and organic fertilizers as modifiers to effectively solve the problem of weak soil water and fertilizer retention capacity caused by poor physical structure of saline-alkali soil. The physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali land have been well improved. The saline-alkali soil improver is applied in the early stage of plant growth, and has a significant desalination effect, which can effectively reduce the impact of salt damage on plant emergence. The application of the soil improver for saline-alkali land treatment of the present invention further reduces the pH value of the saline-alkali land, improves the ability of the soil to retain water and fertilizer, has simple sources of raw materials, and effectively treats organic matter such as crop waste, human and animal excrement and urine.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be implemented, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the given examples are not intended to limit the present invention.

The test methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the raw materials used are conventional reagents unless otherwise specified.

Embodiment 1-2 The experimental location is a saline-alkali area in Xinjiang.

Example 1

A soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land, the preparation raw material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 50 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 25 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 3 parts of water-retaining agent, humic 18 parts of acid, 8 parts of zeolite, 65 parts of organic fertilizer.

Among them, the organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are respectively urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate, and the weight ratio of the three is 6:5:3.

Among them, the biogas residue fertilizer is a fertilizer formed by fermenting organic matter such as crop stalks and human and livestock manure.

Wherein, the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, acrylamide-acrylate copolymerized crosslinked product or starch grafted acrylate copolymerized crosslinked product.

A preparation method of a soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land, the specific preparation steps are as follows:

(1) The raw material components are calculated in parts by weight, including 50 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 25 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 3 parts of water retaining agent, 18 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of zeolite, and 65 parts of organic fertilizer;

(2) The above-mentioned raw materials are uniformly stirred and mixed, and then dried, and the dried materials are passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the preparation.

Example 2

A soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land, the preparation raw materials of which are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 23 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 45 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 30 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 5 parts of water-retaining agent, humic 15 parts of acid, 10 parts of zeolite, 60 parts of organic fertilizer.

Among them, the organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are respectively urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate, and the weight ratio of the three is 6:5:3.

Among them, the biogas residue fertilizer is a fertilizer formed by fermenting organic matter such as crop stalks and human and livestock manure.

Wherein, the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, acrylamide-acrylate copolymerized crosslinked product or starch grafted acrylate copolymerized crosslinked product.

A preparation method of a soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land, the specific preparation steps are as follows:

(1) Raw material components are calculated in parts by weight. Weigh 23 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 45 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 30 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 5 parts of water retaining agent, 15 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of zeolite, and 60 parts of organic fertilizer. share;

(2) The above-mentioned raw materials are uniformly stirred and mixed, and then dried, and the dried materials are passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the preparation.

Performance Testing:

In the Hetian area of Xinjiang, three medium-to-severe saline-alkali lands with roughly the same degree of soil salinization were selected for the experiment, and they were used as the experimental fields of the experimental group 1-3, and different treatments were carried out, specifically:

Test group 1: use the improver prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, test group 2: use the improver prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, and test group 3 is used as a control group without adding any improver. Under the conditions of optimizing water and fertilizer management measures, the saline-alkaline soil soil improver product is drip-irrigated with water according to the designed formula. The method is to put the improver into the fertilization tank and dissolve it in water before the emergence of cotton, and then drip it. The application rate is 100kg/mu. After one season of application, the soil quality is analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1: Improvement of soil physical and chemical properties in saline-alkali land

As can be seen from Table 1, each test area is planted with cotton, and after using the soil improver prepared by the present invention, the degree of decrease in the total salt content of the soil is 46%-55%, and the degree of decrease in soil pH value is 0.5-0.8. The physical and chemical properties of the soil in the group without the application of the improver have been significantly improved, and the soil is fertile. After one year of applying the improver prepared by the invention, the soil does not appear backbiting phenomenon. From the point of view of cotton yield, the effect of increasing the yield of cotton planted in saline-alkali land after applying the improver is remarkable, and the increase of cotton yield reaches 15.5%-20.5%.

It should be noted that, in order to avoid redundant description, the present invention describes preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once the basic inventive concept is known. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be construed to cover the preferred embodiment as well as all changes and modifications which fall within the scope of the invention.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (7)

1. A soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land, characterized in that it is made of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 22-30 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 42-55 parts of desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue fertilizer 20-35 parts, 1-5 parts of water retaining agent, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 6-10 parts of zeolite, 60-75 parts of organic fertilizer. 2. a kind of soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, its preparation raw material is made up of the component of following parts by weight: 28 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 50 parts of desulfurized gypsum , 25 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 3 parts of water retaining agent, 18 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of zeolite, and 65 parts of organic fertilizer. 3. a kind of soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described organic fertilizer is made up of following raw material: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizer, described nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizer are respectively The weight ratio of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate is 6:5:3. 4. A soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the biogas residue fertilizer is a fertilizer formed after fermentation of organic matter such as crop stalks and human and livestock manure. 5. a kind of soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, acrylamide-acrylic acid salt copolymerized cross-linked product or starch grafted acrylate Copolymerized crosslinks. 6. the preparation method of the soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, concrete preparation steps are as follows: (1) Raw material components are calculated in parts by weight. Weigh 22-30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 42-55 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 20-35 parts of biogas residue fertilizer, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent, and 15- parts of humic acid. 20 parts, 6-10 parts of zeolite, 60-75 parts of organic fertilizer; (2) Mix other components except humic acid evenly and then dry them. Grind the dried material into 80-120 mesh particles, and mix the crushed particles with humic acid evenly. 7. the application of the soil conditioner for controlling saline-alkali land described in any one of claims 1-5 in saline-alkali soil improvement.