CN108273828B - A comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste, which comprises: the device comprises a crushing and screening integrated machine, a first magnetic separation area, a second magnetic separation area and an air separation area; the crushing and screening integrated machine comprises an oversize material discharge port and an undersize material discharge port; the crushing and screening integrated machine is used for crushing and screening the garbage and then dividing the garbage into oversize products and undersize products; wherein the undersize products are discharged through the undersize product discharge port and are separated and accumulated through the first magnetic separation zone; and the oversize products are discharged through the oversize product discharge port and sequentially pass through the second magnetic separation area and the air separation area for separation. Through crushing and screening all-in-one with crushing and screening concentrate to a machine in, refuse treatment is efficient, and the rubbish through crushing, screening processing carries out different sorting stages respectively, selects separately the precision height, has good application prospect.

Description

A comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and more particularly to a comprehensive sorting system for urban domestic waste.

Background technique

With the rapid development of urbanization, the types and volumes of MSW are increasing, and the methods of MSW treatment are also developing. The resource recovery and reuse of MSW has become the main trend of MSW treatment. Reusing municipal solid waste according to the nature of domestic waste can turn waste into treasure, which is of great benefit to society and the country. In order to realize the recycling of garbage, the garbage must first be classified. Although it is currently recommended that people follow the instructions on the garbage can to throw the garbage into the corresponding garbage can, in actual life, people rarely follow the classification. Tip to throw away trash.

The existing waste sorting technology methods are mainly single sorting technology such as magnetic separation, air separation, drum screening, etc., but the sorting efficiency of a single sorting technology is not high, generally not more than 65%, of which recyclable materials are recycled. The sorting rate is no more than 30%. The efficiency and effect of a single sorting technology is low, and it is far from meeting the needs of urban domestic waste recycling.

Therefore, how to provide a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste, which integrates crushing and screening into one machine through a crushing and screening integrated machine, which has high waste treatment efficiency and separates the crushed and screened waste. Different sorting stages are carried out, the sorting accuracy is high, and the application prospect is broad.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste, comprising: a crushing and screening integrated machine, a first magnetic separation zone, a second magnetic separation zone and a wind selection zone; wherein the crushing and screening integrated machine comprises an over-screen material discharge port and an under-screen material discharge port;

The crushing and screening integrated machine crushes and sieves the garbage into oversize and undersize; the undersize is discharged through the undersize discharge port, and is separated and accumulated through the first magnetic separation zone; the oversize passes through the The sieves are discharged from the outlet, and then pass through the second magnetic separation zone and the wind separation zone for separation.

Preferably, the integrated crushing and screening machine comprises: a sieve drum; wherein the bottom of the sieve drum is provided with a discharge port for under-sieves and an oversize material; a feeding port is installed on the outer top of the sieve drum; a drive shaft is installed inside the sieve drum; A plurality of breakers are fixed on the shaft; the drive shaft and breakers rotate under the drive of the reducer and the motor, and the production capacity is 30-50t/h.

Preferably, the included angle between the sieve drum and the horizontal plane is 6°˜10°.

Preferably, the motor is fixed on the bracket.

Preferably, it also includes: a dust cover; the dust cover is arranged outside the screen cylinder.

Preferably, the first magnetic separation area is located below the undersize discharge port, and the first magnetic separation area includes: a first magnetic plate and a plurality of first magnet blocks fixed on the surface of the first magnetic plate; the lower left of the first magnetic plate A leachate filter plate is arranged; the bottom of the leachate filter plate is provided with a leachate return pipe.

Preferably, the second magnetic separation area is located on the right side of the oversize discharge outlet, and the second magnetic separation area includes: a conveyor belt; a second magnetic plate arranged in parallel on the top of the conveyor belt;

Preferably, one end of the transmission shaft is fixed on the left side of the integrated crushing and screening machine through a fixing block; the other end passes through the right body of the integrated crushing and screening machine, and is connected to the reducer and the motor in sequence; the motor It is fixed by a bracket; wherein, the bottom end of the bracket is fixed with the second magnetic plate.

Preferably, the angle between the first magnetic plate and the horizontal plane is 25° to 35°; the angle between the second magnetic plate and the horizontal plane is 45° to 55°; and the first magnetic plate is evenly fixed with a plurality of a magnet block; a plurality of second magnet blocks are evenly fixed on the second magnet plate; and the size of the first magnet block is smaller than that of the second magnet block, and the number of the first magnet blocks per unit area is more than that of the second magnet blocks quantity per unit area.

Preferably, the organic matter collection box 6 is connected to the left end of the deflector 7 .

Preferably, the guide plate 7 and the casing are surrounded by a combustible material collection channel 8 .

Preferably, the winnowing area includes: a fan located below the top of the conveyor belt.

It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste, which realizes the separation of different particle sizes and different weights through the first magnetic separation area, the second magnetic separation area and the wind selection area. The garbage is sorted differently, which effectively improves the sorting accuracy.

Moreover, the integrated crushing and screening machine disclosed in the present invention combines the waste crushing and screening processes, which greatly saves time and space for waste treatment and improves the treatment efficiency.

Therefore, in summary, the comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste provided by the present invention has broad application prospects.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 accompanying drawing is a schematic structural diagram of a comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the integrated crushing and screening machine provided by the present invention;

Fig. 3 accompanying drawing is the structural schematic diagram of the first magnetic separation zone provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second magnetic separation zone provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste, comprising: a crushing and screening integrated machine 1, a first magnetic separation area, a second magnetic separation area and an air selection area 5; wherein, the crushing and screening integrated machine 1 includes an over-screen material discharge port 110 and an under-screen material discharge port 110. material discharge port 109;

The crushing and screening integrated machine 1 crushes and sieves the garbage into over-sieve and under-sieve; wherein, the under-sieve is discharged through the under-sieve discharge port 109, and is separated and stacked through the first magnetic separation zone; The material is discharged through the oversize material discharge port 110, and is separated through the second magnetic separation zone and the wind separation zone 5 in sequence.

The comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste disclosed in the present invention concentrates the processing steps of crushing and screening in an integrated crushing and screening machine, which greatly saves time and space for waste treatment. Different sorting processes are carried out to improve the sorting accuracy and lay a foundation for subsequent resource processing.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the integrated crushing and screening machine 1 includes: a sieve drum 103; wherein the bottom of the sieve drum 103 is installed with an underscreen discharge port 109 and an oversize material discharge port 110; the outer top of the screen drum 103 is installed with a feeding port 101; a drive shaft 106 is installed inside the screen drum 103; a plurality of breakers 107 are fixed on the drive shaft 106; 50t/h.

The integrated crushing and screening machine provided in the present invention integrates crushing and screening into one machine, which greatly saves time and space for garbage disposal and improves disposal efficiency.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the angle between the screen drum 103 and the horizontal plane is 6°˜10°.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the motor 104 is fixed on the bracket 111 .

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, it also includes: a dust cover 102; the dust cover 102 is covered outside the screen cylinder 103 to prevent the internal dust from being discharged out of the equipment.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the first magnetic separation area is located below the undersize discharge port 109 , and the first magnetic separation area includes: a first magnetic plate 2 and a plurality of first magnet blocks 201 fixed on the surface of the first magnetic plate 2 ; The lower left of the first magnetic plate 2 is provided with a leachate filter plate 12; the bottom of the leachate filter plate 12 is provided with a leachate return pipe 606.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the second magnetic separation area is located on the right side of the oversize discharge port 110, and the second magnetic separation area includes: a conveyor belt 4; a second magnetic plate 3 arranged in parallel on the top of the conveyor belt 4; A plurality of second magnet blocks 301 are fixed on the bottom surface.

The conveyor belt 4 includes: a first horizontal part and a first inclined part; the second magnetic plate 3 includes a second horizontal part and a second inclined part; and the first horizontal part and the second horizontal part are arranged in parallel, the first inclined part and the second The inclined parts are arranged in parallel.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, one end of the transmission shaft 106 is fixed on the left side of the integrated crushing and screening machine 1 through the fixing block 108; 104 is fixed by the bracket 111 ; wherein, the bottom end of the bracket 111 is fixed with the second magnetic plate 3 .

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the angle between the first magnetic plate 2 and the horizontal plane is 25°-35°; the angle between the second magnetic plate 3 and the horizontal plane is 45°-55°; and the first magnetic plate 2 A plurality of first magnet blocks 201 are uniformly fixed thereon; a plurality of second magnet blocks 301 are uniformly fixed on the second magnetic plate 2; and the size of the first magnet block 201 is smaller than that of the second magnet block 301, The number of 201 per unit area is more than the number of second magnet blocks 301 per unit area.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the wind selection area 5 includes: a fan located below the top end of the conveyor belt 4 .

The undersize discharged from the undersieve discharge port is separated from the iron-containing substances with small particle size by the first magnetic separation zone, waiting for subsequent landfill treatment; After the particle size iron-containing substances, through the air selection area, the combustibles and organic substances with different weights in the sieve are separated, wherein the organic substances enter the organic substance collection box 6 to wait for subsequent processing, and the combustible substances enter the combustible substance collection channel 8 to wait for subsequent treatment. Resource and process.

Among them, it should also be noted that the expressions about the orientation of up, down, left, right, etc. discussed in the present invention are all based on the direction of the technological process of garbage disposal.

The comprehensive sorting system provided by the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the garbage disposal process.

The domestic garbage after the plastic, metal and other recyclables that have been manually sorted out first enters the screen cylinder of the integrated crushing and screening machine through the feeding port. The rubbish between ~30mm is discharged from the sieve discharge port as the sieve, and falls on the conveyor belt, and the garbage with a particle size of less than 10mm is regarded as the sieve and enters the sieve discharge port through the sieve cylinder.

The undersize slides to the first magnetic plate of the comprehensive sorting area through the undersize discharge port, and the iron-containing substances with small particle size are adsorbed on the surface of the first magnet block; under the action of gravity, the slag in the undersize Inorganic substances such as soil, sand, gravel and broken glass slowly slide down to the bottom of the first magnetic plate and gradually accumulate, and are cleaned and landfilled regularly; the landfill leachate flowing out of the sieve cylinder flows through the first magnetic plate to the leachate filter plate , after passing through the leachate filter plate, it is collected by the leachate return pipe, and then sent to the organic matter collection box for waiting for subsequent processing; the iron-containing substances adsorbed by the first magnet block are regularly recycled.

After falling to the conveyor belt, the material on the sieve is gradually lifted. During the lifting process, the iron-containing substances with large particle size in the sieve are adsorbed on the second magnet block, and the remaining materials on the sieve continue to move to the top of the conveyor belt and fall in sequence. ; Due to the difference in weight of organic matter and combustible matter in the sieve, under the action of the wind force in the oblique upward direction of the first fan, the movement path deviates, but the degree of path deviation of the two is different. The weight of organic matter such as kitchen waste with high moisture content in the sieve is larger than that of combustible materials such as leaves, cloth pieces, straw, weeds, etc. Under the same wind force, the organic matter is affected by the oblique upward wind force of the fan Smaller, its movement path is only slightly offset. At the same time, thanks to the assistance of the deflector, the organic matter can be smoothly dropped into the organic matter collection box for subsequent processing, while the leaves, cloth pieces, straws, weeds, etc. The object continues to move forward in a parabolic path, and finally falls into the combustible material collection channel and gradually accumulates.

The comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste provided by the invention enables the resource recovery rate of organic matter, combustible matter and magnets in the waste to reach more than 95%, and has broad application prospects.

The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. As for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant part can be referred to the description of the method.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. A comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste, characterized in that it comprises: an integrated crushing and screening machine (1), a first magnetic separation area, a second magnetic separation area, a wind selection area (5), an organic matter collection box (6), A deflector (7) and a combustible material collection channel (8); wherein, the integrated crushing and screening machine (1) includes an oversize discharge port (110) and an underscreen material discharge port (109); The crushing and screening integrated machine (1) crushes and sieves the garbage into oversize and undersize; wherein, the undersize is discharged through the undersize discharge port (109), and passes through all the undersize objects. The first magnetic separation zone is separated and stacked; the oversize material is discharged through the oversize material discharge port (110), and is separated through the second magnetic separation zone and the air selection zone (5) in sequence; The integrated crushing and screening machine (1) includes: a sieve drum (103), and the angle between the sieve drum (103) and the horizontal plane is 6°~10°; wherein the sieve drum (103) is installed at the bottom There are the underscreen material discharge port (109) and the overscreen material discharge port (110); the outer top of the screen cylinder (103) is provided with a feeding port (101); the screen cylinder (103) is internally installed There is a transmission shaft (106); a plurality of breaking hammers (107) are fixed on the transmission shaft (106); Synchronous rotation under the drive of ); the particle size of the garbage is smaller than 30mm after being crushed by the crushing hammer, among which, the garbage with a particle size between 10 and 30mm is discharged from the oversize discharge port as the sieve, and falls on the conveyor belt. Garbage smaller than 10mm is used as under-sieve material and enters the under-sieve material discharge port through the sieve cylinder; The first magnetic separation area is located below the undersize discharge port (109), and the first magnetic separation area includes: a first magnetic plate (2) and a magnetic plate fixed on the surface of the first magnetic plate (2). A plurality of first magnet blocks (201); a leachate filter plate (12) is provided at the lower left of the first magnet plate (2); a leachate return pipe (606) is arranged at the bottom of the leachate filter plate (12) ; The second magnetic separation area is located on the right side of the oversize discharge port (110), and the second magnetic separation area includes: a conveyor belt (4); a second magnetic plate ( 3); a plurality of second magnet blocks (301) are fixed on the bottom surface of the second magnetic plate (3); The angle between the first magnetic plate (2) and the horizontal plane is 25°-35°; the angle between the second magnetic plate (3) and the horizontal plane is 45°-55°; The organic matter collection box (6) is located on the right side of the conveyor belt (4); the organic matter collection box (6) is connected to the left end of the deflector (7); the deflector (7) is connected to the casing The combustible material collection channel (8) is surrounded by a combustible material collection channel (8) located on the right side of the deflector (7); with the assistance of the deflector (7), the organic matter on the sieve can land smoothly Go to the organic matter collection box (6) to wait for subsequent processing, while the combustibles with smaller weight in the screen continue to move forward in a parabolic path, and finally fall into the combustibles collection channel (8) and gradually accumulate. 2 . The comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste according to claim 1 , further comprising: a dust cover ( 102 ); the dust cover ( 102 ) is covered outside the screen cylinder ( 103 ). 3 . . 3 . The comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste according to claim 1 , wherein one end of the drive shaft ( 106 ) is fixed on the left side of the integrated crushing and screening machine ( 1 ) by a fixing block ( 108 ). 4 . The other end passes through the right side body of the integrated crushing and screening machine (1), and is sequentially connected to the reducer (105) and the motor (104); the motor (104) is fixed by a bracket (111); wherein, The bottom end of the bracket (111) is fixed with the second magnetic plate (3). 4. The comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, a plurality of the first magnet blocks (201) are evenly fixed on the first magnetic plate (2); A plurality of the second magnet blocks (301) are uniformly fixed on the magnetic plate (3); and the size of the first magnet block (201) is smaller than the size of the second magnet block (301), and the first magnet block (201) is smaller than the size of the first magnet block (301). The number of magnet blocks ( 201 ) per unit area is greater than the number of the second magnet blocks ( 301 ) per unit area. 5 . The comprehensive sorting system for municipal solid waste according to claim 1 , wherein the wind selection area ( 5 ) comprises: a fan located below the top of the conveyor belt ( 4 ). 6 .

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