CN108258868B - A permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic winding change and speed regulation and its control method - Google Patents
A permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic winding change and speed regulation and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于永磁同步电机领域,更具体地,涉及一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机及其控制方法。The invention belongs to the field of permanent magnet synchronous motors, and more particularly relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic change of winding and speed regulation and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
我国稀土资源丰富,稀土矿的储量为世界其他各国综合的4倍左右,稀土矿石和稀土永磁的产量都位居世界前列。同时,我国的稀土材料研究和稀土永磁电机的科研水平都达到了国际先进水平。因此,充分发挥稀土资源的优势,大力研究和推广应用以稀土永磁电机为代表的各种永磁电机对我国有重要理论意义和实用价值。永磁电机和传统电机相比,结构简单,运行可靠;体积小,质量轻;损耗小,效率高;应用十分广泛,几乎遍及航空航天、国防、工农业生产和日常生活的各个领域。在调速范围较宽的应用中如电动汽车电机、飞机起动发电机、电主轴机床电机等,要求电机能够在额定转速以上运行,而当电机达到某一转速时逆变器的输出电压达到了最大,这时要继续提高电机转速就需要减小电机气隙磁通,也就是需要弱磁运行,保持电压不变,控制磁通的减弱,以达到控制同步电机在基速以上运行的目的。然而在弱磁区间,随着转速的上升,效率逐渐减小;同时转速增大,反电势相应增大,为保持电压不变,弱磁电流也相应增大,使得电流甚至超过额定点电流,从而导致很大的温升。此外,电机的调速区间还受到逆变器的制约,想要增大调速区间往往需要增大逆变器的容量。这一系列因素导致在弱磁区间电机的性能大大降低,因此提高永磁电机在高速区间的效率有重要意义。my country is rich in rare earth resources. The reserves of rare earth ore are about 4 times that of other countries in the world. The output of rare earth ores and rare earth permanent magnets are in the forefront of the world. At the same time, the research level of rare earth materials and rare earth permanent magnet motors in my country has reached the international advanced level. Therefore, giving full play to the advantages of rare earth resources, vigorously researching and promoting the application of various permanent magnet motors represented by rare earth permanent magnet motors has important theoretical significance and practical value to our country. Compared with traditional motors, permanent magnet motors have simple structure and reliable operation; small size and light weight; low loss and high efficiency; they are widely used in almost all fields of aerospace, national defense, industrial and agricultural production and daily life. In applications with a wide range of speed regulation, such as electric vehicle motors, aircraft starter generators, electric spindle machine tools, etc., it is required that the motor can run above the rated speed, and when the motor reaches a certain speed, the output voltage of the inverter reaches At this time, to continue to increase the motor speed, it is necessary to reduce the air-gap magnetic flux of the motor, that is, it is necessary to run the field weakening, keep the voltage unchanged, and control the weakening of the magnetic flux to achieve the purpose of controlling the synchronous motor to run above the base speed. However, in the field weakening range, as the speed increases, the efficiency gradually decreases; at the same time, when the speed increases, the back EMF increases accordingly. In order to keep the voltage unchanged, the field weakening current also increases accordingly, so that the current even exceeds the rated point current. resulting in a large temperature rise. In addition, the speed regulation range of the motor is also restricted by the inverter. To increase the speed regulation range, it is often necessary to increase the capacity of the inverter. These series of factors lead to a great decrease in the performance of the motor in the field weakening range, so it is of great significance to improve the efficiency of the permanent magnet motor in the high speed range.
如图1、图2以及图3所示为现有的一种多额定工作点稀土永磁电机控制方案,在该技术方案中,通过改变并联支路数的方法降低高速区间反电势,从而达到“不弱磁”的目的。如图1、图2以及图3所示绕组连接方式,电机分为低速、中速、高速额定点。第一额定工作点绕组接线端1、2、3为外接三相引出线接线端,接线端1为A相,接线端2为B相,接线端3为C相,接线端4、5、6并接为星形中点,第二额定工作点绕组接线方法为:接线端1、8相并为A相,接线端2、10相并为B相,接线端3、12相并为C相,接线端7、4、9、5、11、6相并为星形中点,第三额定工作点绕组接线方法为:接线端1、8、14、16相并为A相,接线端2、10、18、20相并为B相,接线端24、22、12、3相并为C相,接线端13、15、7、4、17、19、9、5、21、23、11、6相并为星形中点。第一额定点的并联支路数为1,第二额定点的并联支路数为2,第三额定点的并联支路数为4。同一转速下三种不同连接方式对应的反电势分别是E,E/2,E/4,因此在“低速”,区间采用第一额定点连接方式,“中速”区间采用第二额定点连接方式,“高速”区间采用第三连接点连接方式可以有效降低反电势,从而达到“不弱磁”的目的。Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 show an existing multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor control scheme. In this technical scheme, the back EMF in the high-speed interval is reduced by changing the number of parallel branches, so as to achieve The purpose of "not weak magnetic". The winding connection method shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the motor is divided into low-speed, medium-speed, high-speed rated points. The first rated operating
然而,上述技术方案存在如下问题:额定工作点的个数受极槽配合的限制,几个额定转速跨度大;绕组连接复杂;所需开关多,可靠性低。However, the above technical solutions have the following problems: the number of rated operating points is limited by the coordination of poles and slots, and the span of several rated speeds is large; the winding connection is complicated; many switches are required, and the reliability is low.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求,本发明提供了一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机及其控制方法,由此解决现有多额定工作点稀土永磁电机控制方式在降低弱磁电流,提高电机效率时存在的额定工作点的个数受极槽配合的限制,几个额定转速跨度大;绕组连接复杂;所需开关多,可靠性低的技术问题。In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic winding change and speed regulation and a control method thereof, thereby solving the problem of reducing field weakening in the existing multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor control method. The number of rated operating points that exist when improving the efficiency of the motor is limited by the coordination of the poles and slots, and the span of several rated speeds is large; the winding connection is complex; the required switches are many, and the reliability is low.
为实现上述目的,按照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机,包括:位于定子槽中的第一三相绕组和第二三相绕组,所述第一三相绕组包括A1相绕组、B1相绕组与C1相绕组,所述第二三相绕组包括A2相绕组、B2相绕组以及C2相绕组;In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic winding change and speed regulation, comprising: a first three-phase winding and a second three-phase winding located in a stator slot, the first three-phase winding The phase windings include A1-phase windings, B1-phase windings and C1-phase windings, and the second three-phase windings include A2-phase windings, B2-phase windings and C2-phase windings;
其中,所述A1相绕组的第一端、所述B1相绕组的第一端以及所述C1相绕组的第一端分别与第一三相逆变器相连;Wherein, the first end of the A1-phase winding, the first end of the B1-phase winding, and the first end of the C1-phase winding are respectively connected to the first three-phase inverter;
所述A1相绕组的第二端与第二开关的第一端以及第三开关的第一端连接,所述B1相绕组的第二端与第五开关的第一端以及第六开关的第一端连接,所述C1相绕组的第二端与第八开关的第一端以及第九开关的第一端连接;The second end of the A1 phase winding is connected to the first end of the second switch and the first end of the third switch, and the second end of the B1 phase winding is connected to the first end of the fifth switch and the first end of the sixth switch. one end is connected, and the second end of the C1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the eighth switch and the first end of the ninth switch;
所述第二开关的第二端与所述A2相绕组的第一端以及第一开关的第二端连接,所述第三开关的第二端与所述第六开关的第二端以及所述C2相绕组的第二端连接;The second end of the second switch is connected to the first end of the A2 phase winding and the second end of the first switch, the second end of the third switch is connected to the second end of the sixth switch and the second end of the first switch. The second end of the C2 phase winding is connected;
所述第五开关的第二端与所述B2相绕组的第一端以及第四开关的第二端连接;所述第八开关的第二端与所述C2相绕组的第一端以及第七开关的第二端连接;The second end of the fifth switch is connected to the first end of the B2 phase winding and the second end of the fourth switch; the second end of the eighth switch is connected to the first end of the C2 phase winding and the second end of the fourth switch; The second end of the seven switches is connected;
所述A2相绕组的第二端与所述B2相绕组的第二端以及所述第九开关的第二端连接;The second end of the A2 phase winding is connected to the second end of the B2 phase winding and the second end of the ninth switch;
所述第一开关的第一端、所述第四开关的第一端以及所述第七开关的第一端与第二三相逆变器相连。The first end of the first switch, the first end of the fourth switch and the first end of the seventh switch are connected to the second three-phase inverter.
优选地,所述第一三相绕组和所述第二三相绕组之间用相间绝缘隔开。Preferably, the first three-phase winding and the second three-phase winding are separated by phase-to-phase insulation.
优选地,各开关采用接触器或者电力电子开关。Preferably, each switch adopts a contactor or a power electronic switch.
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了一种基于上述任意一项所述的绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机的控制方法,包括:According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling a permanent magnet synchronous motor based on any one of the above-mentioned dynamic transformation of windings and speed regulation is provided, comprising:
在电机转速在第二额定转速以下时,所述第二开关、所述第五开关以及所述第八开关闭合,所述第一开关、所述第三开关、所述第四开关、所述第六开关、所述第七开关以及所述第九开关断开,所述A1相绕组与所述A2相绕组串联,所述B1相绕组与所述B2相绕组串联,所述C1相绕组与所述C2相绕组串联构成三相连接;When the rotational speed of the motor is below the second rated rotational speed, the second switch, the fifth switch, and the eighth switch are closed, and the first switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the The sixth switch, the seventh switch and the ninth switch are turned off, the A1 phase winding is connected in series with the A2 phase winding, the B1 phase winding is connected in series with the B2 phase winding, and the C1 phase winding is connected to The C2-phase windings are connected in series to form a three-phase connection;
在电机转速超过所述第二额定转速时,所述第二开关、所述第五开关以及所述第八开关断开,所述第一开关、所述第三开关、所述第四开关、所述第六开关、所述第七开关以及所述第九开关闭合,所述A1相绕组与所述A2相绕组并联,所述B1相绕组与所述B2相绕组并联,所述C1相绕组与所述C2相绕组并联构成双三相连接。When the rotational speed of the motor exceeds the second rated rotational speed, the second switch, the fifth switch and the eighth switch are turned off, the first switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, the The sixth switch, the seventh switch and the ninth switch are closed, the A1-phase winding is connected in parallel with the A2-phase winding, the B1-phase winding is connected in parallel with the B2-phase winding, and the C1-phase winding is connected in parallel It is connected in parallel with the C2 phase winding to form a dual three-phase connection.
优选地,所述第二额定转速为第一额定转速的2倍,所述第一额定转速表示当绕组为三相连接时对应的额定点的转速,所述第二额定转速表示绕组为双三相连接时对应的额定点的转速。Preferably, the second rated rotational speed is twice the first rated rotational speed, the first rated rotational speed represents the rotational speed of the corresponding rated point when the windings are three-phase connected, and the second rated rotational speed represents that the windings are double-three-phase The speed of the corresponding rated point when connected.
优选地,在双三相运行时所采用的用于供电的变频器的容量为三相运行时供电变频器容量的一半。Preferably, the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in dual-three-phase operation is half of the capacity of the power-supply frequency converter in three-phase operation.
总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,能够取得下列有益效果:In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1)通过开关控制三相双三相变换,增加了额定点的个数,当绕组为三相连接时所对应的额定点为第一额定点,当绕组为双三相连接时所对应的额定点为第二额定点。(1) The three-phase two-phase conversion is controlled by the switch, and the number of rated points is increased. When the winding is connected with three phases, the corresponding rated point is the first rated point, and when the winding is connected with two phases, the corresponding rated point is the first rated point. The rated point is the second rated point.
(2)采用两个额定点切换,扩大了调速范围,在低速运行时,绕组为三相绕组,随着转速增加绕组反电势增加,弱磁电流逐渐增加,如果一直以三相绕组运行,随着转速进一步增加,绕组反电势增加,由于直流母线电压的限制,逆变器所能提供的最大电压一定,当转速升到某一值后,由于反电势过大,逆变器不能提供电机所需的电压,电机的调速范围被限制。采用三相双三相变换,转速在超过第二额定转速时,绕组连接为双三相连接,双三相绕组的每套绕组由两个逆变器分别供电,每相的反电势均大大减少,可以有效提高最大转速,扩大运行范围。(2) Switching between two rated points expands the speed regulation range. When running at low speed, the winding is a three-phase winding. As the speed increases, the back EMF of the winding increases, and the field weakening current gradually increases. As the speed further increases, the back EMF of the winding increases. Due to the limitation of the DC bus voltage, the maximum voltage that the inverter can provide is certain. When the speed rises to a certain value, the inverter cannot supply the motor due to the excessive back EMF. The required voltage, the speed range of the motor is limited. Three-phase two-phase conversion is adopted. When the speed exceeds the second rated speed, the windings are connected to two-three-phase connections. Each set of double-three-phase windings is powered by two inverters respectively, and the back EMF of each phase is greatly reduced. , which can effectively increase the maximum speed and expand the operating range.
(3)该电机采用减小反电势的方法,减小弱磁电流,减小铜耗,减小温升,提高效率,其中,反电势和绕组串联匝数成正比,采用三相双三相变换,在变换后相当于每相串联匝数减半,反电势减小。(3) The motor adopts the method of reducing the back EMF, reducing the field-weakening current, reducing the copper consumption, reducing the temperature rise, and improving the efficiency. After the transformation, the number of series turns of each phase is halved, and the back EMF is reduced.
(4)该电机在高速运行区间采用双三相连接,相比于三相电机,双三相电机的铁耗更小。(4) The motor adopts dual three-phase connection in the high-speed operation range. Compared with the three-phase motor, the iron loss of the dual-phase motor is smaller.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的一种现有多额定工作点稀土永磁电机控制的第一额定点绕组连接示意图;1 is a schematic diagram of the first rated point winding connection of an existing multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor control provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的一种现有多额定工作点稀土永磁电机控制的第二额定点绕组连接示意图;FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second rated point winding connection of an existing multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor control provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的一种现有多额定工作点稀土永磁电机控制的第三额定点绕组连接示意图;3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a third rated point winding controlled by an existing multi-rated operating point rare earth permanent magnet motor provided by the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机的绕组三相双三相变换图;Fig. 4 is a kind of winding dynamic transformation speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor provided by the present invention is a winding three-phase dual-three-phase transformation diagram;
图5是本发明提供的一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机的绕组三相连接图;FIG. 5 is a three-phase connection diagram of the windings of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic conversion and speed regulation of windings provided by the present invention;
图6是本发明提供的一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机的绕组双三相连接图。FIG. 6 is a dual-phase connection diagram of the windings of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic conversion and speed regulation of the windings provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
针对现有的永磁电机在弱磁后性能下降的缺陷,本发明提出了一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机及其控制方法,其目的在于通过改变绕组连接减小反电势,其中三相双三相变换是通过把双三相电机的绕组在低速时串联起来,形成一个三相绕组,在高速时把两套绕组分别接两个逆变器。通过三相双三相变换可把电机设置成两个额定点,三相连接时为“低速”额定点,普通调速电机当转速逐渐增加时弱磁电流逐渐增加,导致电机性能下降,本发明提出的电机在转速超过“低速”额定点转速的2倍时采用双三相连接,此时反电势降低为原来的1/2,从而可以有效降低弱磁电流,提高电机效率,扩大电机运行范围。Aiming at the defect that the performance of the existing permanent magnet motor is degraded after the field weakening, the present invention proposes a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic winding change and speed regulation and a control method thereof, the purpose of which is to reduce the back EMF by changing the winding connection, wherein three The phase-dual-three-phase conversion is to form a three-phase winding by connecting the windings of the dual-three-phase motor in series at low speed, and connect the two sets of windings to two inverters at high speed. The motor can be set to two rated points through three-phase, two-phase conversion, and the "low-speed" rated point is the "low speed" rated point when the three-phase connection is made. When the speed of ordinary speed-regulated motors gradually increases, the field-weakening current gradually increases, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the motor. The present invention The proposed motor adopts dual three-phase connection when the speed exceeds 2 times of the "low speed" rated point speed. At this time, the back EMF is reduced to 1/2 of the original, which can effectively reduce the field weakening current, improve the motor efficiency, and expand the motor operating range. .
如图4所示为本发明提供的一种绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机的绕组三相双三相变换图,包括:位于定子槽中的第一三相绕组和第二三相绕组,第一三相绕组包括A1相绕组、B1相绕组与C1相绕组,第二三相绕组包括A2相绕组、B2相绕组以及C2相绕组;Figure 4 shows a three-phase dual-three-phase transformation diagram of the windings of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with dynamic winding transformation and speed regulation provided by the present invention, including: a first three-phase winding and a second three-phase winding located in the stator slot, The first three-phase winding includes A1-phase winding, B1-phase winding and C1-phase winding, and the second three-phase winding includes A2-phase winding, B2-phase winding and C2-phase winding;
其中,A1相绕组的第一端、B1相绕组的第一端以及C1相绕组的第一端分别与第一三相逆变器相连;Wherein, the first end of the A1-phase winding, the first end of the B1-phase winding, and the first end of the C1-phase winding are respectively connected to the first three-phase inverter;
A1相绕组的第二端与第二开关S2的第一端以及第三开关S3的第一端连接,B1相绕组的第二端与第五开关S5的第一端以及第六开关S6的第一端连接,C1相绕组的第二端与第八开关S8的第一端以及第九开关S9的第一端连接;The second end of the A1 phase winding is connected to the first end of the second switch S2 and the first end of the third switch S3, the second end of the B1 phase winding is connected to the first end of the fifth switch S5 and the first end of the sixth switch S6 One end is connected, and the second end of the C1 phase winding is connected with the first end of the eighth switch S8 and the first end of the ninth switch S9;
第二开关S2的第二端与A2相绕组的第一端以及第一开关S1的第二端连接,第三开关S3的第二端与第六开关S6的第二端以及C2相绕组的第二端连接;The second end of the second switch S2 is connected to the first end of the A2 phase winding and the second end of the first switch S1, the second end of the third switch S3 is connected to the second end of the sixth switch S6 and the first end of the C2 phase winding Two-terminal connection;
第五开关S5的第二端与B2相绕组的第一端以及第四开关S4的第二端连接;第八开关S8的第二端与C2相绕组的第一端以及第七开关S7的第二端连接;The second end of the fifth switch S5 is connected to the first end of the B2 phase winding and the second end of the fourth switch S4; the second end of the eighth switch S8 is connected to the first end of the C2 phase winding and the first end of the seventh switch S7. Two-terminal connection;
A2相绕组的第二端与B2相绕组的第二端以及第九开关S9的第二端连接;The second end of the A2 phase winding is connected to the second end of the B2 phase winding and the second end of the ninth switch S9;
第一开关S1的第一端、第四开关S4的第一端以及第七开关S7的第一端与第二三相逆变器相连。The first end of the first switch S1, the first end of the fourth switch S4 and the first end of the seventh switch S7 are connected to the second three-phase inverter.
在一个可选的实施方式中,第一三相绕组和第二三相绕组之间用相间绝缘隔开。In an optional embodiment, the first three-phase winding and the second three-phase winding are separated by phase-to-phase insulation.
在一个可选的实施方式中,各开关采用接触器或者电力电子开关。In an alternative embodiment, each switch uses a contactor or a power electronic switch.
其中,如图5所示为本发明提出的三相双三相变换绕组设置中三相连接,如图6所示为本发明提出的三相双三相变换绕组设置中双三相连接,绕组A1、B1、C1、A2、B2、C2分别为双三相绕组的A1相、B1相、C1相和A2相、B2相、C2相,当电机转速在第二额定转速以下时,A1、B1、C1分别与A2、B2、C2绕组串联并与一套三相逆变器相连,当电机转速超过第二额定转速时,A1、B1、C1与一个三相逆变器相连,A2、B2、C2与另一个逆变器相连,形成一个普通的双三相电机。绕组变换如图4所示,当“低速”运行时通过各开关的闭合与关断,使得各相绕组构成三相连接,当“高速”运行时通过各开关的闭合与关断,使得各相绕组构成双三相连接。Wherein, Figure 5 shows the three-phase connection in the three-phase dual-three-phase conversion winding arrangement proposed by the present invention, and Figure 6 shows the dual-phase connection in the three-phase dual-three-phase conversion winding arrangement proposed by the present invention. A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, and C2 are A1, B1, C1, and A2, B2, and C2 phases of the dual three-phase windings, respectively. When the motor speed is below the second rated speed, A1, B1 , C1 are respectively connected in series with A2, B2, C2 windings and connected with a set of three-phase inverters, when the motor speed exceeds the second rated speed, A1, B1, C1 are connected with a three-phase inverter, A2, B2, C2 is connected to another inverter to form a common dual three-phase motor. The winding transformation is shown in Figure 4. When running at "low speed", each phase winding is connected to three phases by closing and shutting off each switch. The windings form a dual three-phase connection.
具体地,本发明还提供了一种基于上述绕组动态变换调速永磁同步电机的控制方法,包括:Specifically, the present invention also provides a control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the dynamic transformation of the above-mentioned windings, comprising:
在电机转速在第二额定转速以下时,第二开关S2、第五开关S5以及第八开关S8闭合,第一开关S1、第三开关S3、第四开关S4、第六开关S6、第七开关S7以及第九开关S9断开,A1相绕组与A2相绕组串联,B1相绕组与B2相绕组串联,C1相绕组与C2相绕组串联构成三相连接;When the motor speed is below the second rated speed, the second switch S2, the fifth switch S5 and the eighth switch S8 are closed, the first switch S1, the third switch S3, the fourth switch S4, the sixth switch S6 and the seventh switch are closed. S7 and the ninth switch S9 are disconnected, the A1 phase winding is connected in series with the A2 phase winding, the B1 phase winding is connected in series with the B2 phase winding, and the C1 phase winding is connected in series with the C2 phase winding to form a three-phase connection;
在电机转速超过第二额定转速时,第二开关S2、第五开关S5以及第八开关S8断开,第一开关S1、第三开关S3、第四开关S4、第六开关S6、第七开关S7以及第九开关S9闭合,A1相绕组与A2相绕组并联,B1相绕组与B2相绕组并联,C1相绕组与C2相绕组并联构成双三相连接。When the motor speed exceeds the second rated speed, the second switch S2, the fifth switch S5 and the eighth switch S8 are turned off, the first switch S1, the third switch S3, the fourth switch S4, the sixth switch S6 and the seventh switch are turned off. S7 and the ninth switch S9 are closed, the A1 phase windings are connected in parallel with the A2 phase windings, the B1 phase windings are connected in parallel with the B2 phase windings, and the C1 phase windings are connected in parallel with the C2 phase windings to form a dual three-phase connection.
在一个可选的实施方式中,由于双三相连接后每相的串联匝数为原来的1/2,故第二额定转速为第一额定转速的2倍,其中,第一额定转速表示当绕组为三相连接时对应的额定点的转速,第二额定转速表示绕组为双三相连接时对应的额定点的转速。In an optional implementation manner, since the number of series turns of each phase after the dual-phase connection is 1/2 of the original, the second rated rotational speed is twice the first rated rotational speed, wherein the first rated rotational speed represents when The rotation speed of the corresponding rated point when the winding is three-phase connection, and the second rated rotation speed represents the rotation speed of the corresponding rated point when the winding is connected to two-phase three-phase.
在一个可选的实施方式中,在双三相运行时所采用的用于供电的变频器的容量为三相运行时供电变频器容量的一半。In an alternative embodiment, the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in dual-phase operation is half the capacity of the frequency converter used for power supply in three-phase operation.
在本发明中,采用绕组变换的方式,在低速区域和高速区域的绕组连接方式不同;当转速在第一额定转速的2倍绕组为三相连接方式,当转速超过2倍第一额定转速绕组为双三相连接方式;以上绕组变换方式在电机运行时动态切换。In the present invention, the winding conversion method is adopted, and the winding connection methods in the low-speed area and the high-speed area are different; when the rotation speed is twice the first rated rotation speed, the winding is a three-phase connection mode, and when the rotation speed exceeds 2 times the first rated rotation speed The winding is in a three-phase connection mode. It is a two-phase connection mode; the above winding conversion modes are dynamically switched when the motor is running.
本发明提出电机结构所用的转轴、机壳、端盖以及定转子冲片均可以采用常规电机已有的结构,无需特殊设计,无需重新设计模具,只是在下线时将绕组分段分别引出出线。电机结构简单,在现有的电机的基础上改动绕组即可。The present invention proposes that the rotating shaft, casing, end cover and stator and rotor punching pieces used in the motor structure can all adopt the existing structure of the conventional motor, without special design or redesign of the mold, and only the winding segments are drawn out respectively when offline. The motor structure is simple, and the winding can be changed on the basis of the existing motor.
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, etc., All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN109301965A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-02-01 | 北京精密机电控制设备研究所 | A motor with variable electromagnetic structure and its control method |
CN110492641B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-03-26 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor for multi-gear speed regulation for vehicle |
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