CN108210130B - 距骨假体 - Google Patents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract
本发明涉及距骨假体,包括全距骨假体本体,所述全距骨假体本体包括上方的非金属材料部分和下方的金属材料部分,所述非金属材料部分与金属材料部分可组合装配,所述非金属材料部分包括滑车关节面和内踝关节面,所述金属材料部分包括距下关节面,所述非金属材料部分或金属材料部分包括距舟关节面,所述金属材料部分上设有固定钉钉道,固定钉钉道有4‑5个。距下关节面和/或距舟关节面为多孔骨小梁结构或有羟基磷灰石涂层。本发明可拆卸的非金属材料部分和金属材料部分,方便翻修时更换;与骨临近的区域采用骨小梁多孔结构或有羟基磷灰石涂层,可促进骨融合;外凸部A填充了距跟骨在外侧的空隙,增加了稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,尤其涉及距骨假体。
背景技术
距骨为人体最大的不规则骨,可分为头、颈、体三部分。距骨共有7个关节面,舟骨关节面、跟骨前关节面、跟骨中关节面、跟骨后关节面、内踝关节面、外踝关节面、滑车关节面,是身体重力传至足部的枢纽,具有重要的生物力学功能。
距骨表面大约60%~70%被关节软骨覆盖,其余由骨膜覆盖,距骨本身没有独立的血供,仅通过韧带与关节囊供血。距骨原发骨肿瘤约占全身的0.3%,主要病理类型是骨巨细胞瘤,距骨骨巨细胞瘤常累及全距骨,刮除复发率高。距骨切除可降低复发率,但会遗留功能障碍。除肿瘤以外,局部的创伤和化脓性感染也可造成距骨严重损伤,其手术治疗目前仍然是关节融合为主,同样会遗留功能障碍。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供距骨假体,相比关节融合,其可置换距骨,距骨假体置换相对于关节融合术后功能更好;该距骨假体包括全距骨假体本体,而且全距骨假体本体分为上下两部分,两部分可组合装配,方便翻修时更换。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
距骨假体,包括全距骨假体本体,所述全距骨假体本体包括上方的非金属材料部分和下方的金属材料部分,所述非金属材料部分与金属材料部分可组合装配,所述非金属材料部分包括滑车关节面和内踝关节面,所述金属材料部分包括距下关节面,所述非金属材料部分或金属材料部分包括距舟关节面,所述金属材料部分上设有固定钉钉道。
进一步的,所述金属材料部分的顶面有嵌槽,所述非金属材料部分的底部嵌装在嵌槽中。所述金属材料部分的顶面有嵌槽,所述非金属材料部分的底部嵌装在嵌槽中;或者,非金属材料部分的底面有嵌槽,所述金属材料部分的顶部嵌装在嵌槽中。
进一步优选地,当嵌槽设置在金属材料部分时,嵌槽侧壁有开口朝上的缺口;当嵌槽设置在非金属材料部分时,嵌槽侧壁有开口朝下的缺口。其中,所述非金属材料部分和金属材料部分均涉及到外踝关节面。
进一步的,所述距下关节面和/或距舟关节面为多孔骨小梁结构。
进一步优选地,距下关节面和/或距舟关节面有羟基磷灰石涂层。
进一步的,所述金属材料部分对应跗骨窦的部位向外凸出形成外凸部A以填满跗骨窦和跗骨窦管。
优选地,所述非金属材料部分的材质为高分子材料或医用陶瓷,所述金属材料部分的材质为钛合金、或镍基合金、或不锈钢、或钛镍合金、或钴铬合金、或铜基合金、或钽合金等。其中,高分子材料可为高密度聚乙烯、或聚乳酸、或高模量芳香族聚酰胺、或碳纤维及其复合材料等。
金属材料部分进一步的,距下关节面上设有四个固定钉钉道,四个固定钉钉道均贯穿嵌槽的底面。
进一步的,距骨假体还包括与固定钉钉道适配的固定钉,固定钉的钉帽上设有外螺纹,固定钉钉道上有与钉帽适配的内螺纹。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明可拆卸的非金属材料部分和金属材料部分,方便翻修时更换;与骨临近的区域采用骨小梁多孔结构或有羟基磷灰石涂层,可促进骨融合;外凸部A填充了距跟骨在外侧的空隙,增加了稳定性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的结构示意图;
图2是未示出固定钉时实施例1的结构示意图;
图3是实施例1中金属材料部分的结构示意图;
图4是非金属材料部分的结构示意图;
图5是实施例2的结构示意图;
图6是实施例2中金属材料部分的结构示意图;
图7是未示出固定钉时实施例3的结构示意图;
图中:1-非金属材料部分、2-金属材料部分、3-固定钉、11-伸出部、21-嵌槽、22-缺口、23-固定钉钉道、24-外凸部A、25-距舟关节面、26-台阶部、27-外边沿。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1、2所示,本实施例公开的距骨假体,包括全距骨假体本体,全距骨假体本体为解剖结构,全距骨假体本体包括上方的非金属材料部分1和下方的金属材料部分2,非金属材料部分1与金属材料部分2可组合装配,方便翻修时更换,非金属材料部分1对应胫骨远端。金属材料部分2的顶面有嵌槽21,非金属材料部分1的底部嵌装在嵌槽21中,非金属材料部分1的底部与嵌槽21为过盈配合,嵌槽21侧壁有开口朝上的缺口22,通过缺口22方便撬开非金属材料部分1。当然,也可以将金属材料部分2嵌装在非金属材料部分1上,在非金属材料部分1的底面有嵌槽21,金属材料部分2的顶部嵌装在嵌槽21中,嵌槽21侧壁有开口朝下的缺口22。
其中,所述非金属材料部分1的材质为高分子材料或医用陶瓷,所述金属材料部分2的材质为钛合金、或镍基合金、或不锈钢、或钛镍合金、或钴铬合金、或铜基合金、或钽合金等。其中,高分子材料可为高密度聚乙烯、或聚乳酸、或高模量芳香族聚酰胺、或碳纤维及其复合材料等。
金属材料部分
非金属材料部分1包括滑车关节面和内踝关节面,金属材料部分2包括距下关节面和距舟关节面25,非金属材料部分1和金属材料部分2均涉及到外踝关节面。距下关节面包括跟骨前关节面、跟骨中关节面和跟骨后关节面。
如图3所示,金属材料部分2上设有固定钉钉道23。本实施例中距下关节面上设有四个固定钉钉道23,这四个4个固定钉钉道23均贯穿嵌槽21的底面,用于固定距骨和跟骨。如图3所示,距骨假体还包括与固定钉钉道23适配的固定钉3,固定钉3的钉帽上设有外螺纹,固定钉钉道23上有与钉帽适配的内螺纹,使用时,将固定钉3装在固定钉钉道23中,利用钉帽和固定钉钉道23的内螺纹将固定钉3与距骨假体锁定,稳定性高。本实施例中固定钉3选择全螺纹锁定螺钉。固定钉3可以喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层。固定钉3的分布和方向,如图5所示,固定钉3从钉帽到钉尾向外倾斜,侧位可以呈扇形。
如图3所示,金属材料部分2上嵌槽21的旁边有一个向上方凸起的台阶部26,距舟关节面25位于台阶部26的外侧面上,台阶部26顶面的外边沿27上翘。
如图4所示,非金属材料部分1的上部有与台阶部26适配的伸出部11,如图2所示,当非金属材料部分1与金属材料部分2组配在一起时,伸出部11位于台阶部26上方,台阶部26上翘的外边沿27将伸出部11的底部包裹在其中。
金属材料部分2可3D打印,也可采用其他工艺方法制得,本实施例中距下关节面可选择性喷涂有羟基磷灰石或采用3D打印多孔结构,促进骨长入。其中,距舟关节面25为抛光面。在解剖结构的基础上,金属材料部分2对应跗骨窦的部位向外凸出形成外凸部A24以填满跗骨窦和跗骨窦管,外凸部A24填充了距跟骨在外侧的空隙,增加了稳定性。外凸部A24也为多孔骨小梁结构和/或有羟基磷灰石涂层。
本实施例中全距骨假体本体包括可拆卸的非金属材料部分1和金属材料部分2,方便翻修时更换;全距骨假体本体的下表面,与跟骨临近的区域采用骨小梁多孔结构,可促进骨的长入;外凸部A24填充了距跟骨在外侧的空隙,增加了稳定性。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于:如图5、6所示,距舟关节面25也为多孔骨小梁结构和/或距舟关节面25有羟基磷灰石涂层,融合和稳定距舟关节。距舟关节面25上也有固定钉钉道23,使用时在该固定钉钉道23中装上固定钉3,用于固定距骨和舟骨。即如果该关节面做了多孔骨小梁结构或者有羟基磷灰石涂层,那么该关节面可打固定钉3。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于:如图7所示,本实施例中距舟关节面25属于非金属材料部分1。
本发明可拆卸的非金属材料部分和金属材料部分,方便翻修时更换;与骨临近的区域采用骨小梁多孔结构或有羟基磷灰石涂层,可促进骨融合;外凸部A填充了距跟骨在外侧的空隙,增加了稳定性。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施方式,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.距骨假体,其特征在于:包括全距骨假体本体,所述全距骨假体本体包括上方的非金属材料部分(1)和下方的金属材料部分(2),所述非金属材料部分(1)与金属材料部分(2)可组合装配,所述非金属材料部分(1)包括滑车关节面和内踝关节面,所述金属材料部分(2)包括距下关节面,所述非金属材料部分(1)或金属材料部分(2)包括距舟关节面(25),所述金属材料部分(2)上设有固定钉钉道(23);
所述金属材料部分(2)的顶面有嵌槽(21),所述非金属材料部分(1)的底部嵌装在嵌槽(21)中,非金属材料部分(1)的底部与嵌槽(21)为过盈配合;或者,非金属材料部分(1)的底面有嵌槽(21),所述金属材料部分(2)的顶部嵌装在嵌槽(21)中;当嵌槽(21)设置在金属材料部分(2)时,嵌槽(21)侧壁有开口朝上的缺口(22);当嵌槽(21)设置在非金属材料部分(1)时,嵌槽(21)侧壁有开口朝下的缺口(22);
所述金属材料部分(2)对应跗骨窦的部位向外凸出形成外凸部A(24)以填满跗骨窦和跗骨窦管;
距下关节面上设有四个固定钉钉道(23),四个固定钉钉道(23)均贯穿嵌槽(21)的底面;还包括与固定钉钉道(23)适配的固定钉(3),固定钉(3)的钉帽上设有外螺纹,固定钉钉道(23)上有与钉帽适配的内螺纹。
2.根据权利要求1所述的距骨假体,其特征在于:所述非金属材料部分(1)和金属材料部分(2)均涉及到外踝关节面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的距骨假体,其特征在于:所述距下关节面和/或距舟关节面(25)为骨小梁结构。
4.根据权利要求2所述的距骨假体,其特征在于:距下关节面和/或距舟关节面(25)有羟基磷灰石涂层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的距骨假体,其特征在于:所述非金属材料部分(1)的材质为高分子材料或医用陶瓷,所述金属材料部分(2)的材质为钛合金、或镍基合金、或不锈钢、或钛镍合金、或钴铬合金、或铜基合金、或钽合金。
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