CN108210130B - Talar prosthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a talus prosthesis, including a full talus prosthesis body. The full talus prosthesis body includes an upper non-metal material part and a lower metal material part. The non-metal material part and the metal material part can be assembled in combination, so The non-metallic material part includes the trochlear joint surface and the medial ankle joint surface, the metallic material part includes the subtalar joint surface, the non-metallic material part or the metallic material part includes the talonavicular joint surface, and the metallic material part is provided with a fixed There are 4-5 fixed nail channels. The subtalar articular surface and/or the talonavicular articular surface has a porous trabecular bone structure or is coated with hydroxyapatite. The detachable non-metal material part and the metal material part of the present invention are convenient for replacement during revision; the area adjacent to the bone adopts a porous trabecular bone structure or has a hydroxyapatite coating, which can promote bone fusion; the outer convex part A is filled with The space on the outside of the calcaneus increases stability.

Description

Talar prosthesis

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a talus prosthesis.

Background technique

The talus is the largest irregular bone in the human body and can be divided into three parts: the head, neck, and body. The talus has a total of 7 articulation surfaces, the navicular articular surface, the anterior calcaneal articular surface, the middle calcaneal articular surface, the posterior calcaneal articular surface, the medial ankle articular surface, the lateral ankle articular surface, and the trochlear articular surface, which are the channels through which the body's gravity is transmitted to the foot. hub, which has important biomechanical functions.

About 60% to 70% of the talus surface is covered by articular cartilage, and the rest is covered by periosteum. The talus itself has no independent blood supply and only supplies blood through ligaments and joint capsules. Primary bone tumors of the talus account for about 0.3% of the whole body. The main pathological type is giant cell tumor of bone. Giant cell tumor of talus often involves the entire talus, and the recurrence rate is high after curettage. Talar resection reduces the recurrence rate but leaves functional impairment. In addition to tumors, local trauma and purulent infection can also cause serious damage to the talus. The surgical treatment is still mainly joint fusion, which also leaves functional impairment.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a talus prosthesis, which can replace the talus bone compared with arthrodesis, and the talus prosthesis replacement has better postoperative function than arthrodesis; the talus prosthesis includes a full talus prosthesis body, and the full talus prosthesis body It is divided into upper and lower parts, and the two parts can be combined and assembled to facilitate replacement during renovation.

In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

The talus prosthesis includes a full talus prosthesis body. The full talus prosthesis body includes an upper non-metallic material part and a lower metal material part. The non-metallic material part and the metal material part can be combined and assembled. The non-metallic material part can be assembled in combination. The material part includes the trochlear joint surface and the medial ankle joint surface, the metal material part includes the subtalar joint surface, the non-metal material part or the metal material part includes the talonavicular joint surface, and the metal material part is provided with a fixing nail track .

Further, the top surface of the metal material part has an embedding groove, and the bottom of the non-metal material part is embedded in the embedding groove. The top surface of the metal material part has an inlay groove, and the bottom of the non-metal material part is embedded in the inlay groove; or the bottom surface of the non-metal material part has an inlay groove, and the top of the metal material part is embedded in the inlay groove. in the trough.

Further preferably, when the inlay groove is provided in the metal material part, the inlay groove side wall has a notch with an upward opening; when the inlay groove is provided in a non-metal material part, the inlay groove side wall has a downward opening indentation. Wherein, the non-metal material part and the metal material part both involve the lateral ankle joint surface.

Further, the subtalar articular surface and/or talonavicular articular surface is a porous trabecular bone structure.

Further preferably, the subtalar articular surface and/or the talonavicular articular surface has a hydroxyapatite coating.

Further, the portion of the metal material corresponding to the tarsal sinus protrudes outward to form an outer protrusion A to fill the tarsal sinus and the tarsal sinus tube.

Preferably, the non-metal material part is made of polymer material or medical ceramics, and the metal material part is made of titanium alloy, or nickel-based alloy, or stainless steel, or titanium-nickel alloy, or cobalt-chromium alloy, or copper. base alloy, or tantalum alloy, etc. Among them, the polymer material can be high-density polyethylene, or polylactic acid, or high-modulus aromatic polyamide, or carbon fiber and its composite materials, etc.

Furthermore, in the metal material part, four fixed nail channels are provided on the subtalar joint surface, and the four fixed nail channels all penetrate the bottom surface of the embedding groove.

Further, the talus prosthesis also includes a fixing nail that is adapted to the nail channel of the fixing nail. The nail cap of the fixing nail is provided with an external thread, and the nail channel of the fixing nail is provided with an internal thread that is adapted to the nail cap.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The detachable non-metal material part and the metal material part of the present invention are convenient for replacement during revision; the area adjacent to the bone adopts a porous trabecular bone structure or has a hydroxyapatite coating, which can promote bone fusion; the outer convex part A is filled with The space on the outside of the calcaneus increases stability.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 when the fixing nail is not shown;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal material part in Embodiment 1;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the non-metal material part;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the metal material part in Embodiment 2;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 when the fixing nail is not shown;

In the picture: 1-non-metal material part, 2-metal material part, 3-fixing nail, 11-protruding part, 21-embedded groove, 22-notch, 23-fixing nail channel, 24-outward protruding part A, 25-talonavicular articular surface, 26-step portion, 27-outer edge.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the talus prosthesis disclosed in this embodiment includes a full talus prosthesis body. The full talus prosthesis body is an anatomical structure. The full talus prosthesis body includes an upper non-metallic material part 1 and a lower metal part. The material part 2, the non-metal material part 1 and the metal material part 2 can be combined and assembled to facilitate replacement during revision. The non-metal material part 1 corresponds to the distal end of the tibia. There is an embedding groove 21 on the top surface of the metal material part 2, and the bottom of the non-metal material part 1 is embedded in the embedding groove 21. The bottom of the non-metal material part 1 and the embedding groove 21 are interference fit, and the side wall of the embedding groove 21 has an opening. The upward-facing notch 22 facilitates prying open the non-metallic material part 1 through the notch 22 . Of course, the metal material part 2 can also be embedded in the non-metal material part 1. There is an embedding groove 21 on the bottom surface of the non-metal material part 1, and the top of the metal material part 2 is embedded in the embedding groove 21. The side of the embedding groove 21 The wall has a gap 22 that opens downward.

Wherein, the non-metal material part 1 is made of polymer material or medical ceramics, and the metal material part 2 is made of titanium alloy, or nickel-based alloy, or stainless steel, or titanium-nickel alloy, or cobalt-chromium alloy, or Copper-based alloy, or tantalum alloy, etc. Among them, the polymer material can be high-density polyethylene, or polylactic acid, or high-modulus aromatic polyamide, or carbon fiber and its composite materials, etc.

Metal material part

The non-metallic material part 1 includes the trochlear joint surface and the medial ankle joint surface, the metallic material part 2 includes the subtalar joint surface and the talonavicular joint surface 25, and both the non-metallic material part 1 and the metallic material part 2 involve the lateral ankle joint surface. The subtalar articular surface includes the anterior articular surface of the calcaneus, the middle articular surface of the calcaneus, and the posterior articular surface of the calcaneus.

As shown in Figure 3, the metal material part 2 is provided with fixing nail channels 23. In this embodiment, four fixing nail channels 23 are provided on the subtalar articular surface. These four fixing nail channels 23 all penetrate the bottom surface of the embedding groove 21 and are used to fix the talus and calcaneus. As shown in Figure 3, the talus prosthesis also includes a fixing nail 3 that is adapted to the fixing nail channel 23. The nail cap of the fixing nail 3 is provided with an external thread, and the fixing nail channel 23 is provided with an inner thread that is adapted to the nail cap. thread, when in use, the fixing nail 3 is installed in the fixing nail channel 23, and the fixing nail 3 is locked with the talus prosthesis by using the nail cap and the internal thread of the fixing nail channel 23, which has high stability. In this embodiment, a fully threaded locking screw is selected as the fixing nail 3. Fixed nail 3 can be sprayed with hydroxyapatite coating. The distribution and direction of the fixing nails 3 are as shown in Figure 5. The fixing nails 3 are inclined outward from the nail head to the nail tail, and can be fan-shaped on the side.

As shown in Figure 3, there is an upwardly protruding step portion 26 next to the inlay groove 21 on the metal material part 2. The talonavicular joint surface 25 is located on the outer surface of the step portion 26, and the outer edge 27 of the top surface of the step portion 26 Upturned.

As shown in Figure 4, the upper part of the non-metal material part 1 has an extension part 11 adapted to the step part 26. As shown in Figure 2, when the non-metal material part 1 and the metal material part 2 are assembled together, the extension part 11 is The outgoing portion 11 is located above the step portion 26, and the upturned outer edge 27 of the step portion 26 wraps the bottom of the outgoing portion 11 therein.

The metal material part 2 can be 3D printed or produced using other processes. In this embodiment, the subtalar joint surface can be selectively sprayed with hydroxyapatite or 3D printed with a porous structure to promote bone ingrowth. Among them, the talonavicular joint surface 25 is a polished surface. On the basis of the anatomical structure, the part of the metal material part 2 corresponding to the tarsal sinus protrudes outward to form a convex portion A24 to fill the tarsal sinus and the sinus tarsi tube. The convex portion A24 fills the lateral portion of the talon and calcaneus. gaps for added stability. The outer convex portion A24 is also a porous trabecular bone structure and/or has a hydroxyapatite coating.

In this embodiment, the full talus prosthesis body includes a detachable non-metal material part 1 and a metal material part 2, which is convenient for replacement during revision; the lower surface of the full talus prosthesis body and the area adjacent to the calcaneus adopt a porous trabecular bone structure. , can promote bone ingrowth; the convex part A24 fills the gap on the outside of the calcaneus, increasing stability.

Example 2

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the talonavicular articular surface 25 is also a porous trabecular bone structure and/or the talonavicular articular surface 25 has a hydroxyapatite coating, which is integrated and stable. Talonavicular joint. There is also a fixing nail channel 23 on the talonavicular articular surface 25. During use, a fixing nail 3 is installed in the fixing nail channel 23 for fixing the talus and navicular bone. That is, if the joint surface has a porous trabecular bone structure or is coated with hydroxyapatite, then a fixation nail 3 can be placed on the joint surface.

Example 3

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, as shown in FIG. 7 , the talonavicular articular surface 25 in this embodiment belongs to the non-metallic material part 1 .

The detachable non-metal material part and the metal material part of the present invention are convenient for replacement during revision; the area adjacent to the bone adopts a porous trabecular bone structure or has a hydroxyapatite coating, which can promote bone fusion; the outer convex part A is filled with The space on the outside of the calcaneus increases stability.

Of course, the present invention can also have various other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and deformations according to the present invention. However, these corresponding changes All modifications and variations shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. Talus prosthesis, characterized in that: it includes a full talus prosthesis body, and the full talus prosthesis body includes an upper non-metallic material part (1) and a lower metal material part (2), and the non-metallic material part (1) can be combined and assembled with the metal material part (2). The non-metal material part (1) includes the trochlear articular surface and the medial ankle articular surface. The metal material part (2) includes the subtalar articular surface. The non-metal material part (1) includes the subtalar articular surface. The material part (1) or the metal material part (2) includes a talonavicular articular surface (25), and the metal material part (2) is provided with a fixing nail track (23); There is an inlay groove (21) on the top surface of the metal material part (2), and the bottom of the non-metal material part (1) is embedded in the inlay groove (21). The bottom of the non-metal material part (1) is connected to the inlay groove (21). The groove (21) is an interference fit; or, the bottom surface of the non-metallic material part (1) has an embedded groove (21), and the top of the metal material part (2) is embedded in the embedded groove (21); when the embedded groove When (21) is arranged in the metal material part (2), the side wall of the inlay groove (21) has a gap (22) with an upward opening; when the inlay groove (21) is arranged in the non-metal material part (1), the inlay groove (21) 21) The side wall has a gap (22) that opens downward; The portion of the metal material part (2) corresponding to the tarsal sinus protrudes outward to form an outer convex portion A (24) to fill the tarsal sinus and the tarsal sinus tube; The subtalar joint surface is provided with four fixing nail channels (23), and the four fixing nail channels (23) all penetrate the bottom surface of the embedding groove (21); it also includes a fixing screw that is adapted to the fixed nail channels (23). Nail (3), the nail cap of the fixed nail (3) is provided with external threads, and the fixed nail channel (23) is provided with internal threads adapted to the nail cap. 2. The talus prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-metal material part (1) and the metal material part (2) both involve the lateral ankle joint surface. 3. The talar prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: the subtalar articular surface and/or the talonavicular articular surface (25) is a trabecular bone structure. 4. The talus prosthesis according to claim 2, characterized in that: the subtalar articular surface and/or the talonavicular articular surface (25) are coated with hydroxyapatite. 5. The talus prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-metal material part (1) is made of polymer material or medical ceramics, and the metal material part (2) is made of titanium alloy, Or nickel-based alloy, or stainless steel, or titanium-nickel alloy, or cobalt-chromium alloy, or copper-based alloy, or tantalum alloy.