CN108206560B - Battery equalization method - Google Patents
Battery equalization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108206560B CN108206560B CN201611185693.1A CN201611185693A CN108206560B CN 108206560 B CN108206560 B CN 108206560B CN 201611185693 A CN201611185693 A CN 201611185693A CN 108206560 B CN108206560 B CN 108206560B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery equalization method, which comprises the following steps: measuring the open circuit voltage of each single battery; obtaining the state of charge of each single battery according to the open-circuit voltage of each single battery; calculating the difference delta SOC between the state of charge of each single battery and the minimum value of the state of charge of all the single batteries; judging whether the single batteries need to be balanced or not according to the delta SOC of each single battery; calculating the required balancing time according to the delta SOC of each single battery needing balancing; and taking balancing measures for the corresponding single batteries according to the balancing time. Compared with the prior art, the method reduces the measurement and operation overhead during battery equalization, improves the efficiency of the battery equalization system, realizes the automation of battery equalization, and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the battery equalization system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery equalization method.
Background
Due to the limitation of battery energy and terminal voltage, in practical application, a plurality of batteries are usually required to be combined in series and parallel to achieve higher voltage and larger energy. Due to the high nonlinearity of the battery characteristics, and differences of manufacturing processes, materials, use environments, wiring modes and the like exist among a plurality of batteries in the battery pack, the inconsistency of capacity, terminal voltage and internal resistance among single batteries is inevitable; the increased inconsistency between individual cells during long-term charging and discharging may lead to a rapid degradation of the capacity of the entire battery pack and even to individual cell damage due to overcharging and overdischarging. Therefore, in the series-parallel connection of the batteries, the individual batteries used together need to be balanced.
At present, a voltage difference balancing method is mainly adopted for battery balancing, but the voltage difference balancing method has high requirements on a single chip microcomputer in a battery management system, and the single chip microcomputer needs to measure and calculate the voltages of all batteries constantly and compare the voltages with a target voltage. When all sampling circuits run at full load, the operation load of the single chip microcomputer is increased by starting the battery balancing, the single chip microcomputer is high in cost, and automatic balancing cannot be achieved when power is off.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a battery equalization method capable of solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a simple and easy-to-implement battery equalization method with small measurement operand.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery equalization method, which includes the steps of:
step one, measuring open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycell；
Step two, the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycellObtaining the SOC of each single batterycell；
Step three, calculating the SOC of each single batterycellWith all individual cell states of charge SOCcellMinimum value of SOCminThe difference Δ SOC;
step four, judging whether the single batteries need to be balanced or not according to the delta SOC of each single battery;
step five, calculating the required balancing time T according to the delta SOC of each single battery needing balancing in the step four;
step six, presetting the balance time T1Internally discharging each single battery if the balance time T of the single battery is larger than the preset balance time T1Discharge time T for single battery1Otherwise, the time T is discharged for a single cell.
As an improvement of the battery equalization method of the present invention, the determination criterion of the fourth step is that if the Δ SOC of a single battery is greater than the preset state of charge threshold, it is determined that the battery needs equalization, otherwise, it is determined that the battery does not need equalization.
As an improvement of the battery balancing method of the present invention, the fifth step is specifically to calculate a corresponding capacity difference Δ CAP according to the Δ SOC of each individual battery to be balanced, and then calculate a balancing time T required by the individual battery according to the capacity difference Δ CAP, where the capacity difference Δ CAP of the individual battery is the remaining capacity of the individual battery and the SOCminThe difference between the remaining capacities of the corresponding individual batteries.
As an improvement of the battery balancing method of the present invention, the equation of calculating the corresponding capacity difference Δ CAP according to the Δ SOC of each individual battery to be balanced is Δ CAP ═ CAP × SOH × Δ SOC, where CAP is the known rated capacity of the battery and SOH is the known health of the battery.
As an improvement of the battery equalization method of the present invention, the calculation formula of the equalization time T is T ═ Δ CAP/I, where I is a preset equalization current.
As an improvement of the battery equalization method of the present invention, between the first step and the second step, the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single battery is determinedcellWhether it is within the preset linear voltage range, the open-circuit voltage OCVcellEntering a single battery in a preset linear voltage range into a second step; open circuit voltage OCVcellThe single battery not within the preset linear voltage range is in time TOn the upper part-T1As the equalization time T required for this and into step six, TOn the upper partIs its equalization time in the last cycle.
As an improvement of the battery equalization method of the present invention, the sixth step further includes a seventh step, after the preset equalization time T1Stopping discharging all the batteries after the completion, and judging whether the time of the equalizing circuit in the standing state is greater than the preset standing time T2If yes, the step one is carried out to start the next cycle, and if not, the standing state is kept continuously.
As an improvement of the battery equalization method of the present invention, in the seventh step, the standard that the equalization circuit is in the static state is that the current of the discharge circuit is smaller than a preset static current threshold.
As an improvement of the battery equalization method of the present invention, the sixth step is performed within a preset equalization time T1When discharging each single battery, it can detect whether the discharging circuit is in normal working state.
Compared with the prior art, the battery equalization method at least has the following technical effects:
firstly, the state of charge of the battery is obtained through the open-circuit voltage of the battery, and the balance time required by the battery is obtained by combining other parameters, so that the measurement and operation expenses during battery balance are reduced, the operation amount of a single chip microcomputer is reduced, and the efficiency of a battery balance system is improved.
And secondly, a balance stopping stage is set, so that battery balance can be carried out circularly without manual participation, the automation of battery balance is realized, and the safe and reliable operation of a battery balance system is ensured.
Drawings
The following describes the battery equalization method and the advantageous technical effects thereof in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a battery equalization method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a battery equalization method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the battery equalization method of the present invention includes the following steps:
The following is one embodiment of the cell balancing method of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the process of battery balancing for a 48V battery pack by a battery management system in a hybrid electric vehicle is divided into four stages: the method comprises the steps of judging initial conditions, calculating balance time, taking balance measures and stopping balance, wherein the three stages of calculating balance time, taking balance measures and stopping balance are carried out circularly according to conditions.
The initial conditions comprise that the SOC of the battery pack is more than 35%, the hybrid electric vehicle is not in a driving state, the battery balancing function of the battery management system is not forbidden, and relevant data of all batteries in the battery pack are acquired. And entering a calculation balance time phase when all the initial conditions are met.
In the stage of calculating the equalization time, the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single battery in the battery pack is firstly measuredcellDetermine open circuit voltage OCVcellWhether it is within the range of the open circuit voltage linearity value of the preset lookup table. Wherein, the query table is presetThe parameter table is a basic physical characteristic parameter table of the battery cell and is obtained by combining experimental data with theoretical calculation.
If the open circuit voltage OCV of the batterycellWithin the range of the open-circuit voltage linear value, the open-circuit voltage OCV is found out through a preset lookup tablecellCorresponding state of charge SOCcellAnd according to the state of charge SOCcellAnd calculating the equalization time required by the battery, and then entering a stage of taking equalization measures. According to state of charge SOCcellThe calculation process of the equalization time required to calculate the battery is as follows.
Taking the minimum value of SOC in all batteries as reference value SOCminCalculating the state of charge SOCcellAnd a reference value SOCminThe difference Δ SOC, is given by: Δ SOC ═ SOCcell-SOCmin。
Whether the delta SOC of each battery is larger than a preset SOC threshold is judged, the preset SOC threshold in the embodiment is preferably 5%, if yes, the battery needs to be balanced, and if not, the battery does not need to be balanced. The function of the preset charge state threshold is to avoid table lookup data and detection errors.
Calculating the capacity difference delta CAP of the battery needing to be balanced, wherein the formula is as follows: Δ CAP ═ SOH · Δ SOC, where CAP is a known battery rated capacity and SOH is a known battery health.
Calculating the equalization time T required by the battery needing equalization, wherein the formula is as follows: t ═ Δ CAP/I, where I is a preset equalization current, and the magnitude of I may be set according to the conditions of the battery and the battery management system, specifically, may be converted from the self-discharge rate and the imbalance rate of the battery. For example: the self-discharge rate of the battery of a certain battery pack is 1000 mAh/month, if the battery is balanced once per week and the balancing time is 8 hours each time, the current I is as follows: 1A/4week/8h is 31.25 mA/h. The equalizing resistance is: 3.7v/31.25mA 118.4 ohms.
If the open circuit voltage OCV of the batterycellIf not in the linear value range of the open-circuit voltage, the time T is usedOn the upper part-T1As the equalization time T required for it and into the phase of taking equalization measures, where TOn the upper partTo it atEqualization time in the last cycle, T1Is a preset equalization time in the equalization measure phase.
A stage of taking equalization measures, namely, at the preset equalization time T1Discharge the battery requiring equalization, in this embodiment, the preset equalization time T1Preferably 1 hour. If the equalization time T of the battery is greater than the preset equalization time T1Discharging the battery for a time T1Otherwise, discharging the battery for a time T. Therefore, the equalization time required by the batteries can be accurately controlled, and the time used by all the batteries in the equalization stage is limited to the preset equalization time T1In addition, the heat accumulation in the equalization circuit caused by too long equalization time is prevented. When the battery needing to be balanced is discharged, whether the discharge circuit is in a normal working state or not is detected at the same time, and the detection modes can be a pressure difference method for detecting the voltages at two ends of the balancing resistor, a drop trend of the voltages at two ends of the battery core, heat during the working of the balancing resistor, a Hall current detection method and the like. Time T1And entering a balance stopping stage after the balance stopping stage is finished.
And a balancing stopping stage, namely stopping discharging all the batteries, judging whether a balancing circuit of the battery management system is in a standing state, and if the current of a discharging circuit is smaller than a preset standing current threshold, judging that the balancing circuit is in the standing state, wherein the preset standing current threshold is preferably 1A in the embodiment.
When the equalizing circuit is in a standing state, judging whether the time exceeding time of the equalizing circuit in the standing state exceeds the preset standing time T or not2In the present embodiment, the standing time T is preset2Preferably 2 hours. If the time of the equalizing circuit in the standing state exceeds the preset standing time T2Then the next cycle is started and the phase of calculating the equilibrium time is entered.
It should be noted that the equalization stopping stage stops equalizing all the batteries based on the following concept: considering the characteristics of the passive discharge circuit, a large amount of heat accumulation can be generated in the equalization process, so that the equalization circuit needs to be closed after running for a long time, so as to facilitate the heat dissipation, and simultaneously effectively reduce the polarization influence caused by the continuous discharge of the battery. Therefore, the implementation of the balancing stopping stage ensures that the battery balancing method can be circularly carried out under the condition of no manual participation, and the automation of battery balancing is realized.
As can be seen from the above detailed description of the present invention, the beneficial technical effects of the battery equalization method of the present invention include, but are not limited to:
firstly, the state of charge of the battery is obtained through the open-circuit voltage of the battery, and the balance time required by the battery is obtained by combining other parameters, so that the measurement and operation expenses during battery balance are reduced, the operation amount of a single chip microcomputer is reduced, and the efficiency of a battery balance system is improved.
And secondly, a balance stopping stage is set, so that battery balance can be carried out circularly without manual participation, the automation of battery balance is realized, and the safe and reliable operation of a battery balance system is ensured.
The present invention can be modified and adapted appropriately from the above-described embodiments, according to the principles described above. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (7)
1. A method of battery equalization, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, measuring open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycell；
Step two, the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycellObtaining the SOC of each single batterycell；
Step three, calculating the SOC of each single batterycellWith all individual cell states of charge SOCcellMinimum value of SOCminThe difference Δ SOC;
step four, judging whether the single batteries need to be balanced or not according to the delta SOC of each single battery;
step five, calculating the required balancing time T according to the delta SOC of each single battery needing balancing in the step four;
step six, presetting the balance time T1Internally discharging each single battery if the balance time T of the single battery is larger than the preset balance time T1Discharge time T for single battery1Otherwise, discharging the single battery for time T;
step seven, in the preset equalization time T1Stopping discharging all the batteries after the completion, and judging whether the time of the equalizing circuit in the standing state is greater than the preset standing time T2If yes, turning to the step one to start the next cycle, and if not, continuing to keep the standing state;
the step one and the step two also comprise the step of judging the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycellWhether it is within the preset linear voltage range, the open-circuit voltage OCVcellEntering a single battery in a preset linear voltage range into a second step; open circuit voltage OCVcellThe single battery not within the preset linear voltage range is in time TOn the upper part-T1As the equalization time T required for this and into step six, TOn the upper partIs its equalization time in the last cycle.
2. The battery equalization method according to claim 1, wherein: the judgment basis of the fourth step is that if the delta SOC of a single battery is larger than the preset state of charge threshold, the battery is judged to need to be balanced, otherwise, the battery is judged not to need to be balanced.
3. The battery equalization method according to claim 1, wherein: the fifth step is specifically that the corresponding capacity difference delta CAP of each single battery is calculated according to the delta SOC of each single battery needing to be balanced, and the required balancing time T is calculated according to the capacity difference delta CAP of each single battery, wherein the capacity difference delta CAP of each single battery is the residual capacity of each single battery and the SOCminThe difference between the remaining capacities of the corresponding individual batteries.
4. A method of equalizing batteries according to claim 3, wherein: and fifthly, calculating the corresponding capacity difference delta CAP according to the delta SOC of each single battery needing to be balanced, wherein the delta CAP is CAP SOH delta SOC, CAP is the known rated capacity of the battery, and SOH is the known health degree of the battery.
5. A method of equalizing batteries according to claim 3, wherein: the calculation formula of the equalization time T is T ═ Δ CAP/I, where I is a preset equalization current.
6. The battery equalization method according to claim 1, wherein: and seventhly, the standard of the balance circuit in the standing state is that the current of the discharge circuit is smaller than a preset standing current threshold.
7. The battery equalization method according to claim 1, wherein: step six, presetting equalization time T1When discharging each single battery, it can detect whether the discharging circuit is in normal working state.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611185693.1A CN108206560B (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Battery equalization method |
| PCT/CN2017/092320 WO2018113269A1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2017-07-09 | Cell equalization method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611185693.1A CN108206560B (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Battery equalization method |
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| CN108206560A CN108206560A (en) | 2018-06-26 |
| CN108206560B true CN108206560B (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108944509A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-07 | 宁波均胜科技有限公司 | A kind of batteries of electric automobile state-of-charge balanced management method |
| CN109193828A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-11 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | A kind of method of each single string battery core voltage difference in fast uniform electrokinetic cell system |
| CN111463504B (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2021-07-30 | 上海什弋维新能源科技有限公司 | An Equalization Algorithm for Battery Module Maintenance |
| CN110970964B (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2021-01-05 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery pack balance control method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN110544801B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-11-03 | 河南理工大学 | Dual-objective adaptive equalization control method for battery pack based on state of health |
| CN112937368B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2023-03-14 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车有限公司 | Driving balancing method and device for vehicle battery and vehicle |
| US11949273B2 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2024-04-02 | Dongguan Poweramp Technology Limited | Method for managing charging and discharging of parallel-connected battery pack, electronic device, and electrical system |
| CN111431228B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2023-06-20 | 东莞新能安科技有限公司 | Parallel battery pack charge and discharge management method and electronic device |
| CN112477697B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-13 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Capacity balancing method for battery replacement |
| CN112615405B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-09-09 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Passive equalization method, equipment and device for battery pack |
| CN113629810B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-09-01 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Battery management system matching method and device |
| JP7346504B2 (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-09-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | cell equalization system |
| CN115313570A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-08 | 河南理工大学 | A multi-threshold adaptive clustering group balance control method for series battery packs |
| CN115856660B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-08-13 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | Battery energy balance test method under whole vehicle working condition of hybrid electric vehicle |
| CN116418085B (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-04-05 | 贲安能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Saline water battery balance control method |
| CN118381162B (en) * | 2024-06-19 | 2024-09-03 | 浙江晶科储能有限公司 | Energy storage system balance management method and system based on cloud edge cooperation |
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| CN102082453A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Equalization device, battery system and electric vehicle including the same and equalization processing program |
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| WO2018113269A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| CN108206560A (en) | 2018-06-26 |
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