CN108159035A - 肉桂酸类衍生物的新用途 - Google Patents
肉桂酸类衍生物的新用途 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
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Abstract
本发明提供了具有结构通式(I)肉桂酸类衍生物的新用途,这类化合物具有增强5‑羟色胺转运体(SERT)活性,可在制备用于治疗抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、强迫症、神经退行性疾病、药物成瘾性等神经精神疾病以及慢传输性便秘、肠道易激综合征和功能性腹胀等消化系统功能紊乱疾病的药物方面进行应用,具有重要的药物开发价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物的新用途,尤其是肉桂酸类衍生物的新用途。
背景技术
5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)是一种对5-HT有高度亲和力的跨膜转运蛋白,约含630个氨基酸残基,其编码基因(SLC6A4)分别位于7号和11号染色体上,由跨度约为35kb的14个外显子组成。SERT蛋白包含12~13个跨膜区,N端及C端位于胞质中,靠近N端处有cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶结合位点,在第三与第四跨膜区之间有一位于细胞外的环状部分,是N-连接的糖基化位点。
SERT属于Na+/Cl-依赖型转运蛋白,在中枢神经系统主要位于5-HT能神经元,SERT从神经突触间隙中重新摄取5-HT进入突触前神经元,直接影响突触间隙5-HT浓度,改变突触后受体介导信号的量和作用持续时间。在消化系统SERT主要位于肠粘膜上皮细胞,重新摄取肠道黏膜层的嗜铬细胞释放的5-HT来调节胃肠功能。此外,SERT在血小板、胎盘组织、骨髓、肾、肺、心、肾上腺、肝、甲状旁腺、甲状腺、胰腺等亦有分布,提示SERT参与多种生理功能。
SERT是转运5-HT的重要分子,在中枢神经系统与情绪、食欲、睡眠、记忆、学习等许多生理心理功能相关,SERT及5-HT表达改变可引起焦虑、抑郁、强迫症、恐惧症,甚至精神分裂症,并与药物成瘾性密切相关;在胃肠道功能性疾病中SERT扮演了重要角色,5-HT信号系统异常可导致胃肠道动力及分泌功能异常、内脏高敏感性,与慢性便秘、肠易激综合征、腹泻及功能性消化不良等胃肠道功能性疾病密切相关。
SERT是临床药物研发的重要靶点。基于SERT靶点的经典抗抑郁药多属于选择性SERT抑制剂(SSRI),如氟西汀(Fluoxetine)等;5-羟色胺再摄取促进剂(SSRE)则少有报道,至今已报道SSRE有噻奈普汀(Tianeptine),别名达体朗(Stablon),其化学结构属三环类抗抑郁药,临床主要用于抗抑郁和抗焦虑。实验研究发现噻奈普汀可促进5-HT再摄取,在神经结构可塑性方面,噻奈普汀对应激/皮质酮诱导的海马神经元树突萎缩具有预防作用,能够对抗应激诱发的海马前体细胞增殖、海马体积下降和N-乙酰天冬氨酸浓度下降,并防止杏仁核树突过度增生。在神经兴奋性方面,噻奈普汀能够克服应激阻断海马长时程增强作用,逆转应激对海马-前皮层突触的抑制作用等。在神经保护方面,噻奈普汀能够降低海马和颞叶皮层的细胞凋亡。在记忆功能方面,噻奈普汀对应激诱导空间记忆损害具有阻断作用,增加记忆保留,有助于注意力集中行为,拮抗酒精的有害作用等(McEwen BS,OlieJP.2005.Neurobiology of mood,anxiety,and emotions as revealed by studies of aunique antidepressant:tianeptine.Molecular Psychiatry 10,525–537)。此外,噻奈普汀能使中枢5-HT代谢物5-羟吲哚乙酸升高,推断可能由于突触前膜再摄取-5-HT增加后,神经内5-HT分解代谢相应增高有关;噻奈普汀可作用于下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,使下丘脑皮质激素释放因子及垂体前叶肾上腺皮质激素浓度下降。
噻奈普汀对重度抑郁症有效,对抑郁症长期疗效优于氟西汀,且安全性高,不良反应少,适合于老年抑郁症,抗焦虑效果优于氟西汀(胡萌,李臻.2007.噻奈普汀药理研究和临床应用进展.广东医学28(7):1192-1193.)噻奈普汀对人体的作用特点包括:对心境紊乱有一定作用,介于镇静性抗抑郁药和兴奋性抗抑郁药之间;对躯体不适,尤其是对于焦虑和心境紊乱有关的胃肠不适有明显作用;对酒精中毒病人在戒酒期间出现的人格和行为紊乱有一定作用;而且,噻奈普汀对下列方面无不良作用:睡眠和警觉;心血管系统;胆碱能系统(无抗胆碱能症状);药物成瘾。以上研究提示了5-羟色胺再摄取促进剂(SSRE)在临床应用中的特点和优势。
肉桂酸类衍生物具有结构通式(I):结构中3-,4-和5-位可被羟基或甲氧基取代,有单取代、双取代和三取代3种,包括阿魏酸、反式-异阿魏酸、3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸和反式-对羟基肉桂酸等化合物。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供肉桂酸类衍生物的新用途。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
肉桂酸类衍生物在制备用于促进5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)活性的药物方面的应用,所述肉桂酸类衍生物的结构中3-,4-和5-位可被羟基或甲氧基取代,有单取代、双取代和三取代3种,如阿魏酸、反式-异阿魏酸、3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸和反式-对羟基肉桂酸。
优选的,上述肉桂酸类衍生物的应用,所述肉桂酸类衍生物具有(I)所示结构通式,
A:R1=OMe,R2=OH,R3=H;阿魏酸
B:R1=OH,R2=OMe,R3=H;反式-异阿魏酸
C:R1=R2=R3=OMe;3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸
D:R1=R3=OMe,R2=OH;3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸
E:R1=R3=H,R2=OH;反式-对羟基肉桂酸。
上述肉桂酸类衍生物在制备用于治疗神经精神疾病,包括抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、强迫症、消化系统功能紊乱、神经退行性疾病和/或药物成瘾性的药物方面进行应用。
优选的,上述肉桂酸类衍生物的应用,所述消化系统功能紊乱包括慢传输性便秘、肠道易激综合征和/或功能性腹胀。
实现上述用途的药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的肉桂酸类衍生物以及任选的药学可接受的赋形剂。
上述药学可接受的赋形剂可以是药物制剂领域中任何常规的赋形剂,特定赋形剂的选择将取决于用于治疗特定患者的给药方式或疾病类型和状态,用于特定给药模式的合适药物组合物的制备方法完全在药物领域技术人员的知识范围内。例如,可以作为药学可接受的赋形剂包括药学领域常规的稀释剂、载体、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体和润滑剂等,必要时,还可以在药物组合物中加入香味剂、防腐剂和甜味剂等。
上述药物组合物可以制成片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、口服液、膏剂、霜剂、注射乳剂、注射用无菌粉针等多种形式。上述各种剂型的药物均可以按照药学领域的常规方法制备。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明所述肉桂酸类衍生物,具有增强5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)活性,可作为治疗抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、强迫症、消化系统功能紊乱、神经退行性疾病、药物成瘾性等神经系统疾病的治疗药物,具有重要的药物开发价值。
附图说明
图1是肉桂酸类衍生物对SERT活性的增强作用,其中,阳性对照药物包括SERT抑制剂2.0μM Fluoxetine组和SERT增强剂1.0μM Tianeptine,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,图中,A.阿魏酸,B.反式阿魏酸,C.3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸,D.3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸,E.反式-对羟基肉桂酸。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述技术方案作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
本发明所述化合物对5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)的影响
所述化合物为A.阿魏酸、B.反式-异阿魏酸、C.3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸、D.3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸和E.反式-对羟基肉桂酸。
采用稳定转染的hSERT-HEK293细胞株,以4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-methylpyridinium(APP+)为荧光底物,在高内涵系统上检测肉桂酸类衍生物对SERT活性的影响。
1)实验仪器与试剂
实验仪器:
高内涵Operetta系统和Columbus数据管理和分析系统(PerkinElmer),超净台,移液枪(1000μL,200μL,20μL,10μL,2.5μL,美国Eppendorf公司)
试剂和材料:
人胚肾细胞系HEK293(中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会细胞库),hSERT pcDNA3质粒(Addgene,plasmid 15483),MEM培养基(Gibco),APP+(Sigma),Hoechst 33342(CellSignaling Technology),96孔板(Costar 3605),阿魏酸(CAS号:1135-24-6)、反式-异阿魏酸(CAS号:537-73-5)、3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸(CAS号:90-50-6)、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸(CAS号:530-59-6)和反式-对羟基肉桂酸(CAS号:501-98-4)均购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。
2)实验操作过程
首先建立并鉴定了稳定表达hSERT-HEK293细胞株{安磊,李静,金增亮等.人源5-羟色胺转运体稳定表达细胞系的建立及其功能探究[J].军事医学2011,35(9):681-684}。以APP+为荧光底物,基于高内涵系统检测SERT的功能{Fowler A,Seifert N,Acker V.etal.A nonradioactive high-throughput/high-content assay for measurement of thehuman serotonin reuptake transporter function in vitro[J].Journal ofBiomolecular Screening,2006,11(8):1027-1034}
具体步骤:
(1)精密称取肉桂酸类衍生物,用DMSO配制成20.0mM的母液,用无酚红MEM基础培基稀释药物至10.0μM,1.0μM,0.1μM。
(2)按1.0×104细胞/孔的密度接种稳定转染的hSERT-HEK293细胞至96孔板中,在37℃,5%CO2条件下培养24h。
(3)实验设立空白对照组,阳性对照包括SERT抑制剂2.0μM氟西汀(Fluoxetine)和SERT增强剂1.0μM噻萘普汀(Tianeptine)组,测试药物分别设立10.0μM,1.0μM,0.1μM组。细胞弃去培养基,用PBS缓冲液洗2遍,按照80μL/孔体积加入各待测样品,每个浓度3个复孔,在37℃,5%CO2条件下避光孵育2-3h。
(4)孵育完成后,每孔加入20μL APP+(终浓度2.0μM),孵育10分钟。
(5)弃去孔内液体,用PBS缓冲液洗2遍,每孔加入1.0μg/mL Hoechst50μL,避光孵育20min。
(6)弃去孔板内的液体,PBS洗2-3遍,采用高内涵系统检测细胞内的荧光强度
Hoechst 33342Excitation:360-400nm,Emission:410-480nm
APP+ Excitation:460-490nm,Emission:505-550nm
3)数据分析:
采用Columbus数据管理和分析系统进行图像分析,根据Hoechst 33342荧光识别细胞核方式来确定细胞,根据胞内APP+荧光强度来确定SERT转运活性,计算相对荧光强度=(药物组的胞内APP+荧光强度/对照组的胞内APP+荧光强度)。
采用SSPS16.0软件进行统计分析,实验结果采用单因素方差分析(ANOA),PostHoc Comparison采用Dunnett's Multiple Comparison Test各组均与对照组比较,实验结果采用Mean±S.E.M表示。
4)实验结果
如图1-A所示,单因素方差分析结果显示阿魏酸显著增强SERT转运活性(F(5,63)=382.0,p<0.0001),组间比较采用Dunnett的多重比较检验(Dunnett's MultipleComparison Test)与空白对照组比较证实10.0μM(q=4.121,p<0.001),1.0μM(q=2.778,p<0.05),0.1μM(q=2.776,p<0.05),阳性对照组2.0μM氟西汀与空白对照组相比显著抑制了SERT活性(q=32.58,p<0.001),阳性对照组噻奈普汀在1.0μM时能显著增强SERT活性(q=8.047,p<0.001)。如图1-B所示,单因素方差分析结果显示反式-异阿魏酸在3个测试浓度均未显示SERT活性,提示SERT活性增强效应存在构-效关系。
如图1-C所示,单因素方差分析结果显示3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸显著增强SERT转运活性(F(5,61)=525.2,p<0.0001),组间比较采用Dunnett的多重比较检验(Dunnett'sMultiple Comparison Test)与空白对照组比较证实10.0μM(q=3.392,p<0.001),1.0μM(q=3.351,p<0.01),0.1μM(q=4.829,p<0.001),阳性对照组2.0μM氟西汀与空白对照组相比显著抑制了SERT活性(q=37.98,p<0.001),阳性对照组噻奈普汀在1.0μM时能显著增强SERT活性(q=9.638,p<0.001)。
如图1-D所示,单因素方差分析结果显示3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸显著增强SERT转运活性(F(5,71)=417.8,p<0.0001),组间比较采用Dunnett的多重比较检验(Dunnett's Multiple Comparison Test)与空白对照组比较证实10.0μM(q=1.786,n.s.),1.0μM(q=1.240,n.s.),0.1μM(q=3.148,p<0.01),阳性对照组2.0μM氟西汀与空白对照组相比显著抑制了SERT活性(q=34.65,p<0.001),阳性对照组噻奈普汀在1.0μM时能显著增强SERT活性(q=7.978,p<0.001)。
如图1-E所示,单因素方差分析结果显示反式-对羟基肉桂酸显著增强SERT转运活性(F(5,49)=280.2,p<0.0001),组间比较采用Dunnett的多重比较检验(Dunnett'sMultiple Comparison Test)与空白对照组比较证实10.0μM(q=3.168,p<0.05),1.0μM(q=2.340,n.s.),0.1μM(q=0.9394,n.s.),阳性对照组2.0μM氟西汀与空白对照组相比显著抑制了SERT活性(q=28.44,p<0.001),阳性对照组噻奈普汀在1.0μM时能显著增强SERT活性(q=7.211,p<0.001)。
综上可知,所述5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)是一种对5-HT有高度亲和力的Na+/Cl-依赖型转跨膜转运蛋白,在中枢神经系统主要位于5-HT能神经元,通过从神经突触间隙中重新摄取5-HT进入突触前神经元,直接影响突触间隙5-HT浓度,改变突触后受体介导信号的量和作用持续时间,从而参与多种生理心理功能(如情绪、食欲、睡眠、记忆、学习等);在消化系统SERT主要位于肠粘膜上皮细胞,重新摄取肠道黏膜层嗜铬细胞释放的5-HT来调节胃肠功能,此外,在胎盘组织、生殖道、骨髓、肾、肺、心、肾上腺、肝、甲状旁腺、甲状腺和胰腺等器官均有分布,提示SERT参与多种生理功能。
SERT是临床药物研发的重要靶点,至今报道的5-羟色胺再摄取促进剂(SSRE)有噻奈普汀(Tianeptine),临床主要用于抗抑郁和抗焦虑。噻奈普汀对人体的作用特点包括:对心境紊乱有一定作用,介于镇静性抗抑郁药和兴奋性抗抑郁药之间;对躯体不适,尤其是对于焦虑和心境紊乱有关的胃肠不适有明显作用;对酒精中毒病人在戒酒期间出现的人格和行为紊乱有一定作用;而且,噻奈普汀对下列方面无不良作用:睡眠和警觉;心血管系统;胆碱能系统(无抗胆碱能症状);药物成瘾。噻奈普汀属于一种SSRE,其作用特点提示了5-羟色胺再摄取促进剂(SSRE)在临床应用中的特点和优势。
本发明通过对肉桂酸类衍生物进行体外影响5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)活性的研究,发现肉桂酸类衍生物显著增强SERT转运活性,从而确证异肉桂酸类衍生物为调节SERT失衡引起的相关生理心理疾病和消化系统功能紊乱疾病有效成分。因此,肉桂酸类衍生物可以用来制备治疗抑郁症和焦虑症等神经精神疾病和肠道易激综合征等胃肠道功能紊乱疾病的药物。
实施例2
制备方法:按上述比例将肉桂酸类衍生物、乳糖和淀粉均匀混合,过200目筛,用水均匀润湿,把润湿后的混合物干燥再过筛,加入硬脂酸镁,然后将混合物压片,每片重250mg,活性成分含量为10mg。
实施例3
胶囊剂:肉桂酸类衍生物 20mg
半乳糖 188mg
硬脂酸镁 2mg
制备方法:按上述比例将肉桂酸类衍生物与半乳糖均匀混合,过200目筛,把得到的混合物,加入硬脂酸镁,装入2号胶囊,即得。
上述参照具体实施方式对肉桂酸类衍生物的新用途进行的详细描述,是说明性的而不是限定性的,可按照所限定范围列举出若干个实施例,因此在不脱离本发明总体构思下的变化和修改,应属本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.肉桂酸类衍生物在制备用于促进5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)活性的药物方面的应用,所述肉桂酸类衍生物的结构中3-,4-和5-位可被羟基或甲氧基取代,有单取代、双取代和三取代3种,如阿魏酸、反式-异阿魏酸、3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸和反式-对羟基肉桂酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肉桂酸类衍生物的应用,其特征在于:所述肉桂酸类衍生物具有(I)所示结构通式,
A:R1=OMe,R2=OH,R3=H;阿魏酸
B:R1=OH,R2=OMe,R3=H;反式-异阿魏酸
C:R1=R2=R3=OMe;3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸
D:R1=R3=OMe,R2=OH;3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸
E:R1=R3=H,R2=OH;反式-对羟基肉桂酸。
3.权利要求1或2所述肉桂酸类衍生物在制备用于治疗神经精神疾病,包括抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、强迫症、消化系统功能紊乱、神经退行性疾病和/或药物成瘾性的药物方面进行应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的肉桂酸类衍生物的应用,其特征在于:所述消化系统功能紊乱包括慢传输性便秘、肠道易激综合征和/或功能性腹胀。
5.实现权利要求1-4之一所述用途的药物组合物,其特征在于:包含治疗有效量的肉桂酸类衍生物以及任选的药学可接受的赋形剂。
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