CN108157614A - Application of the feed addictive in the turtle forage for improving soft-shelled turtle meat quality and soft-shelled turtle growth performance is prepared - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the application of a feed additive in the preparation of soft-shelled turtle feed for improving the quality of soft-shelled turtle meat and the growth performance of soft-shelled turtles, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The feed additive comprises: 10-45% of glyceryl monolaurate, 10-30% of glyceryl dilaurate, 30-55% of glyceryl monostearate and 5-15% of carrier. The feed additive prepared by compounding glyceryl monolaurate, glyceryl dilaurate and glycerol monostearate according to the appropriate content and ratio of the present invention can be used in the growth stage of soft-shelled turtles to improve their growth performance and further improve the economic benefits of breeding The feed additive of the present invention can significantly increase the crude protein content, amino acid total amount, essential amino acid, umami amino acid content in the soft-shelled turtle muscle and the skirt, effectively improve the nutritional quality, mouthfeel and flavor of soft-shelled turtle, and solve the problem of growth rate and soft-shelled turtle. The contradiction between quality.

Description

Feed additives are used in the preparation of feed for soft-shelled turtles to improve the quality of soft-shelled turtle meat and the growth performance of soft-shelled turtles Applications

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to the application of feed additives in the preparation of soft-shelled turtle feed for improving the quality of soft-shelled turtle meat and the growth performance of soft-shelled turtles.

Background technique

Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis), commonly known as soft-shelled turtle, turtle, water fish, etc., is a precious aquatic product loved by the people. It tastes delicious and is a precious raw material for traditional nutrition and health food, with huge economic value. In recent years, the rapid development of Chinese soft-shelled turtle farming has played a positive role in improving people's living standards and earning foreign exchange through exports. However, due to the interests of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle market and the large number of relatives collected by turtle farms, coupled with factors such as the deterioration of the natural ecological environment and human-induced cruelty, wild soft-shelled turtle resources have declined rapidly. The phenomenon of inbreeding of soft-shelled turtles is very common, resulting in the decline of good traits in the breeding population and directly affecting the quality of aquatic products. At present, the flavor and nutritional value of farmed animals directly affect the commodity value and even the development prospect of the breeding industry.

Feed additives refer to small or trace substances added during feed production, processing and use, which are used in small amounts but have significant effects in feed. Feed additive is an inevitable raw material used in the modern feed industry. It has obvious effects on strengthening the nutritional value of basic feed, improving animal production performance, ensuring animal health, saving feed cost, and improving animal product quality.

For example, CN 105394454 A discloses a feed additive for soft-shelled turtles, which is prepared on the basis of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in combination with modern biological processes. : 0.2-0.3 trehalose, 7-8 soybean yellow rolls, 2-4 Codonopsis pilosula, 2-3 Eucommia leaves, 0.2 Chuan Fritillaria, 0.5 eleuthero, 0.2 motherwort, 0.6 ginger, 0.3 1 part of cinnamon, grind it into fine powder and mix thoroughly, continue to add 0.5 part of compound enzyme, mix well, then add 15 parts of water to make a paste, place it at room temperature for 20-25 minutes, dry it at 90°C, and grind it into fine powder; The compound enzyme includes xylanase and chitosanase; the compound live microbial powder is formulated according to the ratio of bacterial strains to Chlorococcus acidophilus: Corynebacterium glutamicum in a ratio of 1:0.3. The feed additive can effectively strengthen the nutritional value of the basic feed, improve the immunity of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, ensure its health, and significantly improve its flavor and nutritional value, and the effect is quick, and the quality of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle can be greatly improved within 2 months.

In recent years, with the development of high-density and intensive aquaculture methods, the occurrence of diseases has become more and more frequent. In order to prevent and treat diseases, the traditional method is to use chemical drugs and antibiotics (bacteria) in large quantities. However, the repeated use of chemical drugs and antibiotics has led to the emergence of bacterial resistance, causing serious damage to the ecological environment and threatening human health. It is inevitable to seek alternatives to chemical drugs and antibiotics.

Contents of the invention

One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide the application of feed additives in the preparation of soft-shelled turtle feed for improving the quality of soft-shelled turtle meat. In terms of mass percentage, the feed additives include: 10% to 45% of glyceryl monolaurate and 10% to 45% glyceryl dilaurate. 10-30%, glyceryl monostearate 30-55%, carrier 5-15%.

Preferably, the quality of the soft-shelled turtle meat is at least one of crude protein, total amino acid, essential amino acid and umami amino acid.

The soft-shelled turtle meat refers to the edible part of soft-shelled turtle, including muscle and skirt.

The research of the present invention shows that the crude protein content in the muscle and skirt of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle fed with the above-mentioned soft-shelled turtle feed significantly increases, indicating that the above-mentioned feed additive can promote the accumulation of protein in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and improve its nutritional value.

Amino acid analysis showed that the total amount of amino acids, the content of essential amino acids (such as lysine, valine) and the content of umami amino acids (such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid) in the muscle and skirt were significantly increased, and the soft-shelled turtle It has 10 kinds of essential amino acids, including isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, arginine, histidine, among which the former 8 kinds of essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. The above-mentioned feed additives can effectively improve the nutritional quality and taste and flavor of soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of feed additives in the preparation of soft-shelled turtle feed for improving the growth performance of soft-shelled turtles. In terms of mass percentage, the feed additives include: 10% to 45% of glyceryl monolaurate, glyceryl dilaurate 10-30%, glyceryl monostearate 30-55%, carrier 5-15%.

The research of the present invention shows that the above-mentioned feed additive is added to the daily feed during the growth stage of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, which can significantly improve the growth function of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, and at the same time significantly improve the quality of soft-shelled turtle meat.

Preferably, the soft-shelled turtle growth performance is at least one of survival rate, weight gain rate, specific productivity, carapace length, and carapace width.

The feed additive of the invention can remarkably improve the survival rate of the soft-shelled turtle meat, increase the weight gain rate by about 145%, increase the nutritional quality of the soft-shelled turtle meat, improve the taste and flavor, and thereby improve the core competitiveness of the product.

Usually, the nutrition and flavor quality of cultured animals with accelerated growth will decrease to varying degrees, but the feed additive of the present invention can significantly improve the nutrition and flavor of Chinese soft-shelled turtle while significantly promoting growth and reducing death, effectively solving the problem of speed and The paradox of quality.

Preferably, in terms of mass percentage, the feed additive includes: 15-30% of glyceryl monolaurate, 15-20% of glyceryl dilaurate, 40-55% of glyceryl monostearate, and 10-15% of a carrier .

More preferably, in terms of mass percentage, the composition of the feed additive is: 20% glyceryl monolaurate, 15% glyceryl dilaurate, 55% glycerol monostearate, and 10% carrier.

Preferably, the carrier is silicon dioxide, maltodextrin or starch.

The preliminary research of the present invention shows that the addition amount of the feed additive is an important factor affecting the weight gain of the soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle. Preferably, the mass percent content of the feed additive in the turtle feed is 0.5-1.0‰. More preferably, the added amount of the feed additive is 0.5‰.

The feed for soft-shelled turtles includes a basic feed and the feed additive, and the formula of the basic feed is: in terms of mass percentage, white fish meal 57.5%, α-starch 22.0%, liver powder 3.0%, brewer's yeast 3.0%, grain 2.5% gluten powder, 2.5% puffed soybean, 5.0% soybean meal, 3.5% biological enzyme protein, 1.0% compound premix;

The nutritional components of the basic feed include: by mass percentage, crude protein 44%, crude fat 3.0%, crude fiber 2.0%, crude ash 18.0%, lysine 2.0%, total calcium 2.5%, total phosphorus 1.5%, Salt 4.5%.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed for soft-shelled turtles, comprising: adding the feed additive to basic feed, and preparing the feed for soft-shelled turtles by stirring and mixing or extruding and granulating.

The processing temperature of the extrusion granulation method is relatively high, which is beneficial to the better dissolution and dispersion of glycerol monolaurate with a higher melting point in animal feed.

The extrusion granulation can be carried out using a granulator.

Preferably, each raw material is pulverized to 20-100 mesh, which is beneficial to the uniform mixing of the raw materials. The glyceryl monolaurate and the glyceryl dilaurate in the particle size range are beneficial to digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract of animals, and can effectively improve the biological activity of the feed additive composition.

The beneficial effect that the present invention possesses:

(1) The feed additive prepared by compounding glyceryl monolaurate, glyceryl dilaurate and glycerol monostearate according to the appropriate content and ratio of the present invention can be used in the growth stage of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, and its weight gain rate can be significantly improved , Specific growth rate, carapace length, and carapace width can significantly increase its survival rate, thereby improving the economic benefits of farming.

(2) The feed additive of the present invention can significantly increase the crude protein content, total amino acid content, essential amino acid, and umami amino acid content in the muscle and skirt of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, and effectively improve the nutritional quality, taste and flavor of soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle. Usually, the nutrition and flavor quality of cultured animals with accelerated growth will decrease to varying degrees, but the feed additive of the present invention can significantly improve the nutrition and flavor of Chinese soft-shelled turtle while significantly promoting growth and reducing death, effectively solving the problem of speed and The paradox of quality.

(3) The feed additive of the present invention is a natural, green and safe feed additive, which will not cause drug resistance in animals, has no drug residue and pollution, and brings greener and safer protection to Chinese soft-shelled turtle breeding, and has great application value.

Detailed ways

The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and all other simple deformations or modifications made without departing from the core of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the following examples, the preparation method of the feed is as follows:

(1) Uniformly pulverize each raw material to 20-100 mesh, and then mix uniformly according to the proportion to obtain the feed additive;

(2) The feed additive is added to the basic feed in a certain amount, and the animal feed is prepared by stirring and mixing or extruding and granulating.

Wherein, the basic feed formula is: in terms of mass percentage, white fish meal 57.5%, α-starch 22.0%, liver powder 3.0%, brewer's yeast 3.0%, gluten 2.5%, puffed soybean 2.5%, soybean meal 5.0% %, biological enzyme protein 3.5%, compound premix 1.0%;

The nutritional composition of the basic feed is: in mass percentage, crude protein 44%, crude fat 3.0%, crude fiber 2.0%, crude ash 18.0%, lysine 2.0%, total calcium 2.5%, total phosphorus 1.5%, Salt 4.5%.

The basic feed formulation mentioned in the following examples is the same.

Example 1

1. The formula of the feed additive is: by mass percentage, 20% of glyceryl monolaurate, 15% of glyceryl dilaurate, 55% of glyceryl monostearate and 10% of carrier (silicon dioxide).

Juvenile soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles with an initial body weight of (50.23±6.35) g were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups (control group and experimental group), with 20 replicates in each group, and each replication was a breeding pond, and 600 soft-shelled turtles were stocked in each pond. The control group was fed with basal feed, and the experimental group added the above-mentioned feed additives with a mass fraction of 0.5‰ on the basis of basal feed, and the test period was 28 weeks.

During the experiment, feeding and management were carried out as usual, with free access to water and food, feeding on time every day, and feeding 3 times a day.

2. Determination of growth performance indicators

At the beginning and end of the experiment, 20 soft-shelled turtles were randomly selected from each pool to weigh and measure carapace length, carapace width, plastron length and body height. The calculation formula of each growth index is as follows:

Weight gain rate (WG,%)=[(W _t -W ₀ )/W ₀ ]×100;

Specific growth rate (SGR,%/d)=[(lnW _t -lnW ₀ )/t]×100;

Survival rate (SR,%)=(N _t /N ₀ )×100;

In the formula: W _t : average body weight of Chinese soft-shelled turtle on day t (g); W ₀ : initial average body weight of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (g); t: feeding days (d); N ₀ : initial number of Chinese soft-shelled turtle _; The number of Chinese soft-shelled turtles in Tianhou Pool.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The effect of feed additives on the growth difference of soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle

It can be seen from Table 1 that after adding 0.5‰ of the above-mentioned feed additives, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, carapace length, carapace width and survival rate of soft-shelled turtles were significantly increased, and the survival rate was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Although the plastron length was higher than that of the control group, the difference was not significant (P>0.05).

3. Determination of nutritional content indicators

Select Chinese soft-shelled turtle at random, take its muscle and skirt and put it in a -20°C refrigerator for later use. The water content was measured by drying at room temperature at 105°C, the crude protein content by Kjeldahl method, the fat content by Soxhlet extraction method, the ash content by high temperature burning method, and the amino acid composition and content. The results are shown in Table 2-4.

Table 2 Effects of feed additives on the main components of Chinese soft-shelled turtle muscle and skirt

As can be seen from Table 2, the moisture, crude ash, and crude fat content of the skirt are lower than those of muscle, but the protein is higher than that of muscle tissue. Generally speaking, the nutritional level of muscle and skirt depends on the protein content. The protein content of the group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), indicating that the above-mentioned feed additives can increase the protein accumulation of soft-shelled turtles and improve their nutritional value.

Table 3 Effects of feed additives on amino acid composition of muscle protein

Note: Tryptophan and cystine are hydrolyzed and destroyed during the determination, and are not included in the total amino acid and essential amino acid. Marked * is umami amino acid, marked # is essential amino acid. Table 4 is the same.

As shown in Table 3, the contents of aspartic acid and glutamic acid in the umami amino acids in the experimental group were significantly increased, and the contents of lysine and valine in the essential amino acids were also significantly increased, and serine was also significantly increased. Overall, the umami amino acids, essential amino acids, and total amino acids were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).

The impact of table 4 feed additives on skirt protein amino acid composition

As shown in Table 4, the skirt amino acid composition of the experimental group was different from that of the control group. The umami amino acids, essential amino acids, and total amino acids in the experimental group were all significantly increased. From the perspective of umami amino acids, the aspartic acid and glutamic acid in the experimental group increased significantly (P<0.05), making the skirt more delicious. In terms of essential amino acids, methionine and lysine increased significantly (P<0.05), indicating that the skirt after adding feed additives to the basic feed has more nutritional value.

Example 2

1. Select juvenile soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles with an initial body weight of (50.23±6.35) g, and randomly divide them into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group, and each replicate is a breeding pond, and 600 soft-shelled turtles are stocked in each pond. The control group was fed the basic feed, and the experimental groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 added feed additives with a mass fraction of 0.5‰ on the basis of the basic feed. The test period was 29 weeks. The feed additive formulations of experimental groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 are as follows:

Experimental group 1: in terms of mass percentage, 10% glyceryl monolaurate, 30% glyceryl dilaurate, 50% glyceryl monostearate and 10% carrier (silicon dioxide).

Experimental group 2: in terms of mass percentage, 30% glyceryl monolaurate, 20% glyceryl dilaurate, 40% glyceryl monostearate and 10% carrier (silicon dioxide).

Experimental group 3: in terms of mass percentage, 40% of glyceryl monolaurate, 15% of glyceryl dilaurate, 35% of glyceryl monostearate and 10% of carrier (silicon dioxide).

Experimental group 4: in terms of mass percentage, 45% of glyceryl monolaurate, 10% of glyceryl dilaurate, 30% of glyceryl monostearate and 15% of carrier (silicon dioxide).

During the experiment, feeding and management were carried out as usual, with free access to water and food, feeding on time every day, and feeding 3 times a day.

2. Determination of growth performance indicators

At the beginning and end of the experiment, 20 soft-shelled turtles were randomly selected from each pool to weigh and measure carapace length, carapace width, plastron length and body height.

Table 5 Effects of feed additives on growth differences of soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles

It can be seen from Table 5 that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, carapace length, carapace width and survival rate of the soft-shelled turtle in the experimental group were all increased in varying degrees compared with the control group, and the survival rates of the experimental groups 2 and 3 were higher than those of the control group. , the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, carapace length and width of experimental group 2 were significantly improved (P<0.05).

3. Determination of nutritional content indicators

The muscles and skirts of soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles randomly selected were put into a -20°C refrigerator for later use. The moisture content was determined by drying method at room temperature at 105°C, the crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method, the fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction method, and the ash content was determined by high temperature burning method. The results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Effects of feed additives on the main components of Chinese soft-shelled turtle muscle and skirt

As shown in Table 6, the protein content of each experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), indicating that the above-mentioned feed additives can increase the protein accumulation of Chinese soft-shelled turtle and improve its nutritional value.

Claims (8)

1. The application of feed additive in the preparation of the feed for soft-shelled turtles that improves the quality of soft-shelled turtle meat, characterized in that, in terms of mass percentage, the feed additive comprises: 10% to 45% of glyceryl monolaurate, 10% to 45% of glyceryl dilaurate 30%, glyceryl monostearate 30-55%, carrier 5-15%. 2. The application according to claim 1, wherein the quality of the soft-shelled turtle meat is at least one of crude protein, total amino acid content, essential amino acid, and umami amino acid. 3. The application of feed additives in the preparation of soft-shelled turtle feed for improving the growth performance of soft-shelled turtles, characterized in that, in terms of mass percentage, the feed additives include: 10-45% of glyceryl monolaurate, 10-45% of glyceryl dilaurate 30%, glyceryl monostearate 30-55%, carrier 5-15%. 4. The application according to claim 3, wherein the soft-shelled turtle growth performance is at least one of survival rate, weight gain rate, specific productivity, carapace length, and carapace width. 5. The application according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, in terms of mass percentage, the feed additive comprises: 15-30% of glyceryl monolaurate, 15-20% of glyceryl dilaurate, Fatty acid glyceride 40-55%, carrier 10-15%. 6. The application according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the carrier is silicon dioxide, maltodextrin or starch. 7. The application according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the mass percentage content of the feed additive in the turtle feed is 0.5-1.5‰. 8. The application according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the feed for soft-shelled turtles comprises a basic feed and the feed additive, and the formula of the basic feed is: in terms of mass percentage, white fish meal 57.5%, α - Starch 22.0%, liver powder 3.0%, brewer's yeast 3.0%, gluten 2.5%, puffed soybean 2.5%, soybean meal 5.0%, biological enzyme protein 3.5%, compound premix 1.0%; The nutritional components of the basic feed include: by mass percentage, crude protein 44%, crude fat 3.0%, crude fiber 2.0%, crude ash 18.0%, lysine 2.0%, total calcium 2.5%, total phosphorus 1.5%, Salt 4.5%.