CN108034477B - 一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂及其组合物和应用 - Google Patents
一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂及其组合物和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sinapinic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC(OC)=C1O PCMORTLOPMLEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N syringic aldehyde Natural products CC12CCC(C3(CCC(=O)C(C)(C)C3CC=3)C)C=3C1(C)CCC2C1COC(C)(C)C(O)C(O)C1 YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-AATRIKPKSA-N trans-2-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1O PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-isoferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1O QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WKOLLVMJNQIZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1O WKOLLVMJNQIZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUUBOHWZSQXCSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillic acid Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 TUUBOHWZSQXCSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
- C10M139/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00 having a metal-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2227/083—Sn compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油领域,具体为一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂及其组合物和应用。
背景技术
据统计,全世界约1/3的一次性能源被摩擦损耗掉,机械失效零件的大约60%是由于磨损造成,其中工业发达国家因摩擦磨损造成的损失高达GDP的5%-7%, 发展中国家因摩擦磨损造成的损失更高达GDP的10%-30%, 我国因摩擦磨损造成的损失约达GDP的10-20%。为减少摩擦带来的损失,需在机件之间加入润滑油或润滑酯。
为了提高润滑油或润滑酯的减摩抗磨效果,通常在润滑油或润滑酯中添加少量的抗磨添加剂,传统的抗磨添加剂主要都含有硫、磷等腐蚀性或对环境有害的物质,长期使用对机件本身有害;同时,含有硫、磷对环境有污染。美国石油学会(API)ILSAC GF-4规定汽油发动机油要求磷含量不得超过0.08%,硫含量不得超过0.5%(5W/XY油)和0.7%(10W/XY油);2009年GF-5汽车发动机油更把磷含量的控制在0.05%以下。ILSAC规定要求在降低硫和磷含量的前提下进一步提高油品的抗磨性,因此这对含硫、磷为主的润滑油抗磨添加剂构成了重大挑战。
目前使用最广泛的抗磨添加剂是二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP),比如US4263150、US4289635、US4308154、US4417990、EP0666264、US3328335、US3843530、US4957649等公开了生产及商业化的ZDDP,以及ZDDP中的磷、硫含量。
因此,近年来,有机锡化合物作为润滑油抗磨剂的研究越来越引起人们的重视,因为它不含硫、磷等腐蚀性或对环境有害的元素,而且金属锡质软,有很好的延展性,被用来减少机械运转中的磨损。其原理是:首先通过锡原子在摩擦表面进行物理吸附,其次是通过四价锡与铁发生反应生成二价亚铁和二价锡,二价锡在摩擦表面产生化学吸附,二价亚铁和二价锡通过碳链连接在表面形成一层化学吸附膜和双金属体系,从而起到减摩抗磨作用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明的目的在于设计提供一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂及其组合物和应用的技术方案,该抗磨剂不仅对环境无污染,而且具有摩擦系数小,摩擦表面光滑,用量小,抗磨作用显著的特点。
其中,R,R1,R2为烃基, X1、X2、X3为除C-Sn以外与锡结合的有机基团,X1、X2、X3中的至少一种来自生物基原料。
所述的一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂,其特征在于该润滑油抗磨剂为式I和有机锡化合物的混合物,式I结构的有机锡化合物与式结构的有机锡化合物的重量比为0-30:100-70,更优选为5-25:95-75,更优选10-20:90-80。
有机锡化合物的毒性与所带有烃基的数量有关,毒性大小顺序为:四烃基锡化合物(R4Sn)=三烃基锡化合物(R3SnX)>二烃基锡化合物(R2SnX2)>一烃基锡化合物(RSnX3)。而本发明中的有机锡类润滑油抗磨剂为一、二烃基锡化合物和其混合物,因此本发明中的有机锡类润滑油抗磨剂是一种无毒或低毒的化合物,并且引入C-Sn和O-Sn有利于在天然和合成基础油中的溶解。
所述的一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂,其特征在于所述R,R1,R2为C1-C25的直链或带有支链的烷基、芳香基中的一种;优选的,所述R,R1,R2为C1-C12的直链或带有支链的烷基、芳香基中的一种。
所述的一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂,其特征在于所述X1、X2、X3为通过氧与锡结合的有机基团形成O-Sn键,X1、X2、X3中的至少一种来自生物基原料;优选的,所述X1、X2、X3为通过O与Sn结合的功能化基团,X1、X2、X3中的至少一种来自天然酸;所述天然酸选自植物油酸、蓖麻油脂肪酸、豆油脂肪酸、天然酚酸中的一种;进一步优选的,所述天然酚酸选自水杨酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、焦儿茶酸、β-雷锁酸、龙胆酸、原儿茶酸、α-雷锁酸、没食子酸、6-甲基水杨酸、香草酸、异香草酸、苷色酸、丁香酸、酪氨酸、3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、邻香豆酸、间香豆酸、对香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸和芥子酸中的任意一种或两种以上的组合及其衍生物。
例如,作为应用方案之一,本发明提供了一种组合物,其包含所述生物基、无硫、无磷有机锡类润滑油抗磨剂。进一步的,所述组合物还可包含稀释剂或溶剂,所述稀释剂或溶剂包含基础油、烷烃、芳烃、卤代烃、醇、醚、酮类溶剂中的任一种或者两者以上的组合,且不限于此。
本发明还提供一种用于内燃机的润滑剂,它包含润滑剂基流体和至少一种式I、式II所示化合物,并任选包含一种或多种选自粘度指数改进剂、氧化抑制剂、倾点下降剂、清净剂、分散剂、摩擦改进剂、抗磨剂、抗泡剂、缓蚀剂和金属减活剂的其他添加剂。
上述一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂及其组合物和应用,与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1)本发明的有机锡类润滑油抗磨剂,采用天然的、可再生的生物基物质作为配体,具有绿色、环境友好、原料可再生等优点;
2)本发明的有机锡类润滑油抗磨剂中不含传统润滑油抗磨剂中的磷、硫等腐蚀性或对环境有害的元素,是一种全新的无硫、无磷、生物基润滑油抗磨剂;
3)本发明的有机锡类润滑油抗磨剂与传统的抗磨剂(ZDDP、钼化分散剂)相比,具有更好的抗磨减磨效果。
本发明中涉及的百分含量除另有说明的,其它均为重量百分含量。
具体实施方式
本发明通过下列实施例作进一步说明:根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
实施例2
实施例3
实施例4
将实施例1-4中的有机锡类润滑油抗磨剂(简称有机锡A,有机锡B,有机锡C,有机锡D)按一定质量的添加量溶于150N、150SN及PAO三种不同基础油中,测试其抗磨减摩性能。
抗磨减摩测试(四球摩擦试验机):根据SH/T 0189-92 执行(转速1200rpm±60rpm,温度75℃±2℃,时间60min±1min)。
表1是实施例1-4与现商品化的三种ZDDP按同样质量的添加量溶于150N基础油的抗磨减摩性能对比。
表1
添加量wt% | 磨斑直径mm | 摩擦系数 | |
150N | - | 0.883 | 0.079 |
ZDDP I | 0.25 | 0.662 | 0.115 |
ZDDP II | 0.25 | 0.668 | 0.116 |
ZDDP III | 0.25 | 0.592 | 0.113 |
有机锡A | 0.25 | 0.577 | 0.098 |
有机锡B | 0.25 | 0.566 | 0.091 |
有机锡C | 0.25 | 0.570 | 0.094 |
有机锡D | 0.25 | 0.532 | 0.087 |
从表1可知:添加相同量的添加剂0.25wt%,实施例1-4中有机锡润滑油抗磨剂的抗磨性能均比现商品化的ZDDP的抗磨性能好(磨斑直径与摩擦系数均小)。
表2是实施例1-2中的有机锡A、有机锡B与ZDDP I、ZDDP II、ZDDP III按0.25wt%的添加量溶于150N、150SN及PAO三种不同基础油中,测试其抗磨减摩性能及抗氧化性能。
从表2可知,实施例1-2的有机锡A和有机锡B在PAO和150N中的抗磨减摩性能均好于ZDDP系列,并且有机锡A和有机锡B在150N、150SN及PAO中的抗磨减摩性能相当,说明有机锡A和有机锡B与基础油的适配性均较好。而有机锡A和有机锡B在150SN中的抗磨性能不及ZDDP I和ZDDP III,说明ZDDP与150SN有相互作用,主要是ZDDP与150SN中的硫作用导致其抗磨性能较好。
表3为实施例1中的有机锡A与钼化丁二酰亚胺分散剂分别溶于150N基础油中的抗磨性能,其中油样中锡含量和钼含量均为185.25ppm。
表3
添加剂 | 磨斑直径mm |
有机锡A | 0.533 |
钼化分散剂 | 0.646 |
从表3可知,实施例1的有机锡A与钼化分散剂在添加同样的有效抗磨元素时,有机锡A的磨斑直径明显小于钼化分散剂的油样,说明在添加同样计量的抗磨元素的情况下,有机锡A的抗磨性能优于钼化分散剂。
最后,还需要说明的是,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
Claims (6)
2.如权利要求1所述的一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂,其特征在于所述R,R1,R2为C1-C25的直链或带有支链的烷基、芳香基中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种生物基、无硫、无磷润滑油抗磨剂,其特征在于所述X1、X2、X3为通过O与Sn结合的功能化基团,X1、X2、X3中的至少一种来自天然酸;所述天然酸选自植物油酸、蓖麻油脂肪酸、豆油脂肪酸、天然酚酸中的一种。
4.一种组合物,其特征在于包含权利要求1-3中任一项所述润滑油抗磨剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种组合物,其特征在于包含权利要求1-3中任一项所述润滑油抗磨剂,以及稀释剂或溶剂,所述稀释剂或溶剂包含基础油、烷烃、芳烃、卤代烃、醇、醚、酮类溶剂中的任一种或者两者以上的组合。
6.一种用于内燃机的润滑剂,包括润滑剂基流体和权利要求1-3中任一项所述的润滑油抗磨剂,并任选包含一种或多种选自粘度指数改进剂、氧化抑制剂、倾点下降剂、清净剂、分散剂、摩擦改进剂、抗磨剂、抗泡剂、缓蚀剂和金属减活剂的其他添加剂。
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