CN1080266A - 医用磷32系列玻璃微球及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
医用磷32系列玻璃微球及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种放射性医用治癌药物磷32
系列玻璃微球及其制备工艺。磷32系列玻璃微球
是用对人体无毒性和相容的磷酸盐等玻璃材料,高温
熔炼成磷玻璃,磷钇玻璃,磷钐玻璃和磷钼玻璃等,经
粉碎、制球及反应堆中子照射后成磷32系列玻璃微
球。这种磷32系列玻璃微球适用于恶性肿瘤癌症
的治疗,经动物实验和临床实验证明,安全可靠,疗效
甚佳,是一种理想的放射性内照射治癌新药。
Description
本发明涉及一种放射性医用治癌药物及其制备工艺,具体地说是医用磷32系列玻璃微球及其制备工艺。
将带有放射性的固体粒子用于血管内栓塞辐射治疗某些癌瘤的研究已有二十年的历史。文献报道曾使用过的固体粒子为携带198Au的碳粒,含90Y的Y2O3粉末,标记有32P或90Y的离子交换树脂微球,表面涂有32P或90Y的陶瓷微球。这些粒子对癌症治疗有良好的效果,但也存在不少缺点。如Y2O3粉末表面不光滑,易导致周围组织发炎,树脂微球和陶瓷微球表面涂有的32P与90Y易从微球表面释放到体内,进入全身大循环,对人体健康组织造成不必要的危害。1988年美国专利USP 4789501公开了一种磷32系列玻璃微球和钇90玻璃微球及其制备工艺,这一发明避免了上述微球释放扩散的弊病,但仍有其不足之处。首先,配方中含有铅、氟等化学元素,对人体可造成积蓄中毒。其次,配方中还含有钠、钾、锆、锰等元素,活化后可产生较强γ放射性的元素,容易杀伤癌瘤周围正常细胞,对人体健康不利。第三,配方中32P的释放率大于0.1%,不符合核医学的要求和治疗药物标准。第四,配方中硅、铝、镁等元素的氧化物熔点高,给熔炼带来困难。第五,P2O5在常温下易吸水,且不易与其他材料混匀,熔出的磷玻璃含量不均匀,制出的磷32微球的比活度出就不均匀,且高温下P2O5易升华损失,熔炼也不方便。
本发明的目的在于提供一种不含任何有毒元素、易熔炼、磷32释放率小于0.1%,比重小于2.5g/cm3、适用于治疗癌瘤的磷32系列玻璃微球及其制备工艺。
本发明配方中采用硅酸铝、硅酸镁、磷酸铝、磷酸镁作为玻璃微球基本原料,它们均为盐类,熔点比氧化物低,因此易于熔炼。配方中不含铅、氟等元素,因此对人体无积蓄中毒作用。配方中不含钠、钾、锆、锰等元素,因此活化后无很强的γ放射性,对人体正常细胞无危害性,使用安全。配方中不使用P2O5,因此原料熔化时也易于混匀,释放率符合药用标准。
磷32玻璃微球基本配方为(重量百分比):
Al2(SiO3)355~65%
MgSiO325~35%
AlPO410~20%
Y2O30~20%
Sm2O30~1%
(NH4)2MoO40~1%
为提高磷32玻璃微球的比活度,除了提高反应堆的中子通量及延长辐照时间外,可往磷32玻璃微球中加入钇90氧化物制备出磷、钇玻璃微球,即在基本配方中加入10~20%Y2O3,相应减少硅酸铝和硅酸镁的含量。为进行动物实验,对动物进行体外γ照像或断层显像来确定微球在动物体内的行径或在组织器官中的分布情况,可在熔炼含磷或含钇的玻璃时加入0.5~1.0%的Sm2O3或(NH4)2MoO4,制成磷钐、磷钼微球或磷钇钐微球,作为γ示踪剂,这些微球在反应堆内经中子辐照后产生γ射线,动物实验时,就可用γ照像机或ECT探测到,从而可方便地观察微球在动物体内的动态变化,分布区域和抗癌效应。还可分别加入少量的Fe2O3,CuO,CoO,MnO2,含量为0.1~1.0%,生产出用于冷实验示踪用的各色(如黑、绿、蓝、紫色)磷32系列玻璃微球。本发明的制备工艺如下:
将制备磷32系列玻璃微球所需组份按一定比例混匀,放入铂坩埚内,在高温电阻炉上加热至1400~1500℃熔融,恒温3~5小时,再将坩埚连同所盛玻璃一齐放入常温二次蒸馏水中,玻璃炸碎,倒出,110℃烘干-粉碎-筛选出合适粒度微球-王水煮沸10~30分钟-常温二次蒸馏水漂洗至中性-烘干-制球机制球-丙酮清洗-二次蒸馏水清洗-烘干-筛选-盐酸浸泡20分钟-二次蒸馏水洗至中性-烘干-在马福炉中400~500℃恒温4小时-装入石英管中密封制成靶件-放反应堆中辐照-取出盐酸清洗-二次蒸馏水洗至中性-烘干分装-高压0.14MPa灭菌30分钟-成品。
利用上述配方和工艺可制备出粒径为10~20μm,20~30μm,45~76μm,100~150μm,比重为2.5g/cm的各种磷32系列玻璃微球(磷32玻璃微球、磷32钇90玻璃微球、磷32钐153玻璃微球、磷32钼99玻璃微球、磷32钇90钐153玻璃微球)。粒径为10~20μm微球可直接注射在癌瘤组织中,粒径为20~30μm,45~76μm微球用于动脉灌注栓塞辐射治疗毛细血管较细和较粗部位的肿瘤,粒径为100~150μm的微球主要用于动物实验。
采用本发明配方及工艺制备的磷32系列玻璃微球不含任何有毒元素,易熔炼。微球颗粒均匀,密度小于2.5g/cm3,易于灌注,在高温、高压、生理盐水和酸碱浸泡下无粘接,无变形,无破损,完好率100%。经检测,微球的磷32放射性释放率小于0.1%,符合医用标准。
实施例一
磷32玻璃微球的制备
1.将57.9%的Al2(SiO3)3,29%的MgSiO3,13.1%的AlPO4充分混匀,放入铂坩埚中,然后将坩埚放在高温电阻炉上加热至1400℃,使混合物熔融,并充分搅拌,恒温3小时,坩埚中的混合物已成磷玻璃,然后将坩埚连同所盛玻璃一齐放入常温的二次蒸馏水中,使其炸裂成碎玻璃,倒出后在110℃下烘干;
2.用粉碎机将磷玻璃粉碎为粒径30~76μm的玻璃粉粒,再用振筛机筛选出所需粒度的玻璃粉粒,用王水煮沸20分钟,然后用二次蒸馏水漂洗至中性,在110℃烘干;
3.将烘干后玻璃粉粒经雾化器喷入制球机甲烷-氧高温火焰中,玻璃粉熔化后落下,便制成微球,然后用铝质圆桶接收;
4.将收集的微球先用丙酮洗3次,再用二次蒸馏水洗3次,110℃下烘干。用标准分样筛筛选出所需粒径(45~76μm)的微球,用0.5mol/l盐酸浸泡20分钟,再用二次蒸馏水洗至中性,110℃下烘干;
5.将玻璃微球放入马福炉中在400℃下恒温4小时;
6.将玻璃微球装入石英管中密封,再装入铝靶筒,制成靶件,放在反应堆中辐照,放射性比活度为54mci/g;
7.将辐照后的玻璃微球从灭菌手套箱中取出,用0.5mol/l的盐酸清洗,再用二次蒸馏水洗至中性,110℃下烘干;
8.用称量法将微球分装在10ml的玻璃瓶中,加盖密封,在高压消毒灭菌器中0.14MPa的压力下消毒灭菌30分钟后取出。
本实施例制备出的磷32玻璃微球(粒径45~76μm,颜色灰褐色,比重2.3g/cm3)可用于局部动脉灌注在癌瘤组织中辐射治疗癌瘤。
实施例二
磷32钇90玻璃微球的制备
1.将60%的Al2(SiO3)3,10%的MgSiO3,10%的AlPO4和20%的Y2O3混合均匀,放入铂坩埚中,然后将坩埚放在高温电阻炉上加热至1450℃,使混合物熔融,并充分搅拌,恒温4小时,坩埚中的混合物已成磷钇玻璃,然后将坩埚连同玻璃放入常温的二次蒸馏水中,使其炸裂成碎玻璃,倒出后在110℃下烘干;
2.与实施例一相同;
3.与实施例一相同;
4.与实施例一相同;
5.将玻璃微球装入马福炉中在450℃下恒温4小时;
6.将玻璃微球装入石英管中密封,再装入铝靶筒制成靶件,放在反应堆中辐照,钇90放射性比活度约为3.6Ci/g;磷32放射性比活度为24mci/g;
7.与实施例一相同;
8.与实施例一相同。
本实施例制备出的磷32钇90玻璃微球(粒径21~30μm,45~75μm,颜色白色,比重2.5g/cm3),用于通过动脉灌注栓塞辐射治疗毛细血管较粗和较细部位的癌瘤。
实施例三
磷32钼99玻璃微球的制备
1.将60.8%的Al2(SiO3)3,26.5%的MgSiO3,11.9%的AlPO4,0.8%的(NH4)2MoO4混合均匀,放入铂坩埚中,然后将坩埚放在高温电阻炉上加热至1500℃,使混合物熔融,并充分搅拌,恒温5小时,坩埚中的混合物已成磷钼玻璃,然后将坩埚连同玻璃放入常温的二次蒸馏水中,使其炸裂成碎玻璃,倒出后在110℃下烘干;
2.与实施例一相同;
3.与实施例一相同;
4.与实施例一相同;
5.将玻璃微球放入马福炉中在500℃下恒温4小时;
6.将玻璃微球密封,制成靶件,放在反应堆中辐照,磷32放射性比活度为54mci/g;钼99的放射性比活度为17mci/g
7.与实施例一相同;
8.与实施例一相同。
本实施例制备出的磷32钼99玻璃微球(粒径100~150μm颜色为浅兰色,比重2.2g/cm3),可用于γ示踪动物实验。
根据上述方法制备的磷32玻璃微球;磷32钇90玻璃微球;磷32钼99玻璃微球分别用于临床治疗口腔癌;宫颈癌、乳腺癌;及动物实验,疗效甚佳,无任何并发症和后遗症,使用安全可靠,是一种理想的放射性内照射抗癌新药。
Claims (6)
1、一种表面光滑、实心、直径为10~20μm,21~30μm,45~75μm,76~100μm的医用磷32系列玻璃微球,其特征在于:制造磷32系列玻璃微球配方重量百分比为:
Al2(SiO3)355~65%
MgSiO325~35%
AlPO410~20%
Y2O30~20%
Sm2O30~1%
(NH4)2MoO40~1%
微粒比重小于2.5g/cm3,磷32的释放率小于0.1%,放射性比活度为20~60mci/g。
2、根据权利要求1所述的医用磷32系列玻璃微球,其特征在于还可在上述配方中加入0.1~1.0%的Fe2O3或CuO,CoO,MnO2生产出用于冷实验示踪用的黑、绿、蓝、紫色磷32系列玻璃微球。
3、一种权利要求1中所述的医用磷32系列玻璃微球的制备工艺,其特征在于:将原料按比例混合均匀,经熔融、炸裂、烘干、粉碎、筛选、清洗、制粒、辐照、分装、灭菌制得。
4、按权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于:熔融温度为1400~1500℃,恒温3~5小时。
5、按权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于:筛选后清洗使用王水煮沸10~30分钟,再用二次蒸馏水洗至中性;制粒后微球使用丙酮清洗3~5次,再用二次蒸馏水洗至中性;辐照后的微球使用0.2~0.6mol/l盐酸清洗,再用二次蒸馏水洗至中性。
6、按权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于灭菌压力为0.1~0.2MPa,灭菌时间为20~40分钟。
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1798580B (zh) * | 2003-04-04 | 2010-10-13 | 生物领域医疗公司 | 包含治疗性和诊断性放射性同位素的微球 |
CN106653134A (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-10 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 无载体磷32的制备方法 |
CN106683735A (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-17 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种有载体磷32的制备方法 |
CN112457143A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 山西江阳兴安民爆器材有限公司 | 一种含示踪标记物的乳化炸药及其制备方法 |
CN114652865A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 成都纽瑞特医疗科技股份有限公司 | 一种放射性玻璃微球注射剂及制备方法和用途 |
CN114699542A (zh) * | 2019-09-15 | 2022-07-05 | 合肥启灏医疗科技有限公司 | 放射性玻璃微球 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4314909A (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1982-02-09 | Corning Glass Works | Highly refractory glass-ceramics suitable for incorporating radioactive wastes |
DE3131276C2 (de) * | 1981-08-07 | 1986-02-13 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Verfahren zur Verfestigung von radioaktiven Abfällen |
US4789501A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1988-12-06 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Glass microspheres |
JPH03235098A (ja) * | 1990-02-10 | 1991-10-21 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 低レベル放射性廃棄物のガラス固化処理用ガラス化材 |
JPH06127973A (ja) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-05-10 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 放射線遮蔽ガラス |
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1993
- 1993-04-23 CN CN93103780A patent/CN1035550C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN1798580B (zh) * | 2003-04-04 | 2010-10-13 | 生物领域医疗公司 | 包含治疗性和诊断性放射性同位素的微球 |
CN106653134A (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-10 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 无载体磷32的制备方法 |
CN106683735A (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-17 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种有载体磷32的制备方法 |
CN114699542A (zh) * | 2019-09-15 | 2022-07-05 | 合肥启灏医疗科技有限公司 | 放射性玻璃微球 |
CN114699542B (zh) * | 2019-09-15 | 2023-09-15 | 合肥启灏医疗科技有限公司 | 放射性玻璃微球 |
CN112457143A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 山西江阳兴安民爆器材有限公司 | 一种含示踪标记物的乳化炸药及其制备方法 |
CN114652865A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 成都纽瑞特医疗科技股份有限公司 | 一种放射性玻璃微球注射剂及制备方法和用途 |
WO2022134408A1 (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-30 | 成都纽瑞特医疗科技股份有限公司 | 一种放射性玻璃微球注射剂及制备方法和用途 |
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