CN107976667B - APD detection device for full-waveform measurement laser radar - Google Patents
APD detection device for full-waveform measurement laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN107976667B CN107976667B CN201610968997.9A CN201610968997A CN107976667B CN 107976667 B CN107976667 B CN 107976667B CN 201610968997 A CN201610968997 A CN 201610968997A CN 107976667 B CN107976667 B CN 107976667B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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Abstract
The utility model provides a APD detection device for full waveform measurement laser radar, includes APD photoelectric sensing module, strides and hinders the amplification module, and voltage amplification module, filter module, adjustable high voltage module, temperature sensing module, interface module, low pressure power module. The invention adopts a gain chain structure formed by cascading a trans-impedance amplifier and a multi-stage voltage amplifier to realize low-noise, high-bandwidth and high-gain current-voltage conversion and amplification of weak current output by an APD photoelectric sensor; a high-order Bessel filter is adopted to filter out-of-band noise, so that the system sensitivity is improved, and meanwhile, nonlinear distortion is not generated on a signal waveform; by adopting a bias voltage real-time adjusting method, the problem of non-linear response of the APD photoelectric sensor caused by temperature change is solved, and high-linearity photoelectric detection is realized. The invention can effectively meet the detection requirements of high sensitivity, large dynamic and high linearity for receiving optical signals of a full-waveform measurement laser radar system, and is also suitable for other laser radar systems and weak optical signal detection occasions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to an APD (avalanche photo diode) detection device of a laser radar.
Background
The full-waveform measurement laser radar acquires and records laser detection echo signals with high fidelity by a broadband high-sensitivity detection technology, performs full-digital processing and wavelet analysis, analyzes time domain, airspace and frequency domain information, and acquires target distance, reflectivity, roughness information and distribution characteristics thereof with high precision.
The Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detector has the outstanding advantages of high responsivity, high response speed, small size and the like, and becomes a preferred detector for receiving laser echoes in laser radars and laser ranging systems.
The traditional ranging laser radar mainly detects the threshold value of the leading edge of a laser echo pulse, so that the requirement on an APD detection device is low, only high detection sensitivity is needed, and the saturation and distortion of the echo waveform except the leading edge of the pulse are allowed. The full-waveform measuring radar needs to receive laser emission and echo signals by the same detector, so that an APD detection device of the full-waveform measuring radar also needs to amplify the laser signals with high fidelity besides the requirement of high sensitivity, so that the laser emission and the echo signals need to be amplified with high broadband gain, and the echo signals are guaranteed not to cause waveform distortion due to saturation. The existing APD detection device can not meet the detection requirement of a satellite-borne full-waveform measurement laser radar.
With the increase of the application of the laser radar for satellite-borne full-waveform measurement in China, the demand of the laser radar APD detection device is more urgent. Therefore, the development of a high-sensitivity, large-dynamic and high-linearity APD detection device is a direct requirement and an important guarantee for improving the performance index of a laser radar system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the APD detection device for the full-waveform measurement laser radar is provided, the detection problems of high sensitivity, large dynamic and high linearity of the received optical signal of the satellite-borne full-waveform measurement laser radar are solved, and the APD detection device is also suitable for other laser radar systems and weak optical signal detection occasions.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
an APD detection device for a full-waveform measurement laser radar comprises an APD photoelectric sensing module, a transimpedance amplification module, a voltage amplification module and a filter module;
the APD photoelectric sensing module receives externally input pulse light signals, performs photoelectric conversion on the pulse light signals, sends the converted current signals to the transimpedance amplification module, the transimpedance amplification module performs high-gain current-voltage conversion and amplification on the photoelectric-converted current signals, outputs voltage signals to the voltage amplification module, the voltage amplification module is used for amplifying the voltage signals output by the transimpedance amplification module, the amplified voltage signals are filtered through the filter module, suppression of out-of-band noise is achieved, and waveform information of the full-waveform measurement laser radar is output.
The temperature sensor also comprises an adjustable high-voltage module, a temperature sensing module, an interface module and a low-voltage power supply module;
the temperature sensing module monitors the temperature of the APD photoelectric sensing module, converts the temperature into a corresponding electric signal and outputs the electric signal, generates a high-voltage remote control signal according to the electric signal converted by the temperature, and controls the adjustable high-voltage module to provide adjustable bias high voltage for the APD photoelectric sensing module;
the interface module is used for providing interfaces between the temperature sensing module and the adjustable high-voltage module and the outside, and the low-voltage power supply module is used for supplying power.
The transimpedance amplification module and the voltage amplification module are cascaded to form a gain link, the transimpedance amplification module adopts a low-noise broadband amplifier, and the voltage amplification module adopts a broadband double-path hierarchical cascade structure.
The voltage amplification module adopts a broadband two-way hierarchical cascade structure, and specifically comprises a first-stage broadband amplifier, a second-stage high-gain broadband amplifier and a second-stage low-gain broadband amplifier, wherein voltage signals output by the trans-impedance amplification module are subjected to 20dB basic gain amplification through the first-stage broadband amplifier, then are subjected to high-gain amplification and low-gain amplification through the second-stage high-gain broadband amplifier and the second-stage low-gain broadband amplifier respectively, and are output to the filter module after being amplified.
The adjustable high-voltage module comprises an adjustable high-voltage power supply, a first amplifier, a DAC, a voltage division circuit and a second amplifier;
an externally input high-voltage remote control signal is input into the DAC for digital-to-analog conversion through the interface module, a generated analog quantity signal is amplified through the first amplifier and then input into the adjustable high-voltage power supply, and the adjustable high-voltage power supply adjusts bias high-voltage output provided for the APD photoelectric sensing module according to the received analog quantity; meanwhile, the bias high-voltage output is converted into a low-voltage signal through a voltage division circuit, and the low-voltage signal is amplified by a second amplifier to generate a high-voltage telemetering signal for output.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the gain link of the APD detection device adopts a gain link structure formed by cascading a trans-impedance amplifier and a multi-stage voltage amplifier, so that the channel detection sensitivity and the dynamic range can be improved;
(2) the high-voltage adjusting module in the APD detection device can realize the real-time adjustment of the bias voltage of the APD photoelectric sensor, compensate the change of the avalanche gain caused by the temperature change, ensure that the APD works at constant gain, overcome the problem of non-linearity response of the APD photoelectric sensor caused by the temperature change and ensure the photoelectric detection with high linearity;
(3) the APD detection device has higher environmental adaptability, and can be used for carrying out corresponding system backup in actual use so as to meet the requirements of radiation, heat, electromagnetic compatibility and the like under a satellite-borne environment;
(4) the APD detection device is suitable for satellite-borne, airborne and general ground full-waveform measurement laser radars, and can also be suitable for other laser radar systems and weak light signal detection occasions;
(5) the filter module is realized by adopting a high-order Bessel filter, so that out-of-band noise is filtered, the detection sensitivity of the system is improved, and meanwhile, nonlinear distortion is not generated on a signal waveform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the APD detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the test results of the APD detection device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an APD detection apparatus for a full-waveform measurement laser radar, including an APD photoelectric sensing module, a transimpedance amplification module, a voltage amplification module, a filter module, an adjustable high-voltage module, a temperature sensing module, an interface module, and a low-voltage power supply module;
the APD photoelectric sensing module receives externally input pulse light signals, performs photoelectric conversion on the pulse light signals, sends the converted current signals to the transimpedance amplification module, the transimpedance amplification module performs high-gain current-voltage conversion amplification (firstly performs current-to-voltage conversion, and then amplifies the voltage signals) on the photoelectric-converted current signals, outputs voltage signals to the voltage amplification module, the voltage amplification module is used for amplifying the voltage signals output by the transimpedance amplification module, and the amplified voltage signals are filtered through the filter module, so that the suppression of out-of-band noise is realized, and the waveform information of the full-waveform measurement laser radar is output.
The APD photoelectric sensing module is a semiconductor detector with an internal photoelectric effect, a built-in electric field exists in a space charge area of a PN junction under the condition of no illumination, and drift of holes and electrons reaches balance. Under the condition of illumination, a certain reverse bias voltage is applied to the PN junction to accelerate the electron-hole pairs generated by illumination, so that the electron-hole pairs collide with the crystal lattice to ionize atoms in the crystal lattice and produce new electron-hole pairs. The invention selects the C30954E detector to realize the photoelectric conversion function.
The temperature sensing module monitors the temperature of the APD photoelectric sensing module, converts the temperature into a corresponding electric signal and outputs the electric signal, generates a high-voltage remote control signal according to the electric signal converted by the temperature, and controls the adjustable high-voltage module to provide adjustable bias high voltage for the APD photoelectric sensing module; the interface module is used for providing interfaces between the temperature sensing module and the adjustable high-voltage module and the outside, and the low-voltage power supply module is used for supplying power.
The transimpedance amplification module and the voltage amplification module are cascaded to form a gain link, the transimpedance amplification module adopts a low-noise broadband amplifier, and the voltage amplification module adopts a broadband double-path hierarchical cascade structure.
The voltage amplification module adopts a broadband two-way hierarchical cascade structure, and specifically comprises a first-stage broadband amplifier, a second-stage high-gain broadband amplifier and a second-stage low-gain broadband amplifier, wherein voltage signals output by the trans-impedance amplification module are subjected to basic gain amplification of 20dB through the first-stage broadband amplifier, then are subjected to high-gain amplification and low-gain amplification through the second-stage high-gain broadband amplifier and the second-stage low-gain broadband amplifier respectively, and are output and amplified two paths of voltage signals to the filter module. The high-gain amplification refers to amplification with the gain of 40-60 dB, and the low-gain amplification refers to amplification with the gain of 10-20 dB.
The high-low gain double-path amplification can greatly improve the channel detection dynamic range and ensure that the echo signal can not cause waveform distortion due to saturation. Meanwhile, in order to meet the detection requirement of the narrow pulse signal of the detection device, the design value of the bandwidth of the transimpedance amplification circuit, the first-stage voltage amplification circuit and the second-stage voltage amplification circuit is 180MHz, and 150MHz broadband amplification is achieved through cascade connection. The trans-impedance amplifier and the broadband amplifier both adopt OPA847 low-noise broadband amplifiers of TI company, the gain bandwidth product can reach 3900MHz, and the input noise voltage density is 0.85nV/HZ-1/2The input noise current density is 2.5pA/HZ-1/2And the application requirements are met.
The filter module is realized by adopting a high-order Bessel filter, and the order of the high-order Bessel filter is 5-9 orders. Both the high gain path and the low gain path are filtered by a high order bessel filter.
The high-order Bessel filter is designed and realized by adopting a passive LC device, is matched with a front-end amplifying circuit, the-3 dB bandwidth of the filter is designed to be 150MHz, the suppression of out-of-band noise is realized, and due to the group delay constant characteristic of the Bessel filter, the signal-to-noise ratio of a channel is improved, meanwhile, the nonlinear distortion is not caused to the signal, and the high-fidelity detection requirement of the signal is met.
The adjustable high-voltage module comprises an adjustable high-voltage power supply, a first amplifier, a DAC, a voltage division circuit and a second amplifier;
an externally input high-voltage remote control signal is input into the DAC for digital-to-analog conversion through the interface module, a generated analog quantity signal is amplified through the first amplifier and then input into the adjustable high-voltage power supply, and the adjustable high-voltage power supply adjusts bias high-voltage output provided for the APD photoelectric sensing module according to the received analog quantity; meanwhile, the bias high-voltage output is converted into a low-voltage signal through a voltage division circuit, and the low-voltage signal is amplified by a second amplifier to generate a high-voltage telemetering signal for output.
The temperature sensing module converts the temperature change of the detector into a corresponding voltage signal in real time and precisely, the voltage signal is sent to the outside for collection through a matching interface, a high-voltage regulation remote control command is generated according to the measured temperature data and a temperature regulation coefficient of 2.1V/DEG C, the high-voltage regulation remote control command is input into a DAC (digital-to-analog converter) of the high-voltage regulation module through an SPI (serial peripheral interface) interface of an RS422 level, the DAC generates 0-5V analog control signals, the high-voltage module control voltage of 0-2.048V is realized after being regulated by a first amplifier, the adjustable high-voltage module is controlled to provide 0-500V bias high voltage for the APD detector, the bias voltage real-time regulation of the APD photoelectric sensor is realized, the change of avalanche gain caused by the temperature change is compensated, the APD works at constant gain, the problem of response nonlinearity of the AP.
Example (b):
the invention is applied to satellite-borne vegetation full-waveform measurement laser radar equipment, the laser radar carries out photoelectric conversion and broadband amplification on laser emission and echo pulses with the wavelength of 1064nm through an APD detection device, and signals after amplification are sent to a high-speed A/D of a radar signal processing unit for signal acquisition and processing.
Through testing, the APD detection device can perform distortion-free photoelectric conversion and broadband amplification on optical signals of 10 nW-2450 nW, the amplitude of output signals is 8 mV-1540 mV, the detection sensitivity of the optical signals can reach 10nW, the module gain is 0.8MV/W, the linear dynamic range is larger than 45dB, and the test result is shown in figure 2. The application requirement of the satellite-borne vegetation full-waveform measurement laser radar is met.
Claims (3)
1. An APD detection apparatus for a full-waveform measurement lidar, comprising: the device comprises an APD photoelectric sensing module, a transimpedance amplification module, a voltage amplification module and a filter module;
the APD photoelectric sensing module receives externally input pulse light signals, performs photoelectric conversion on the pulse light signals, sends the converted current signals to the transimpedance amplification module, the transimpedance amplification module performs high-gain current-voltage conversion and amplification on the photoelectric-converted current signals, outputs voltage signals to the voltage amplification module, the voltage amplification module is used for amplifying the voltage signals output by the transimpedance amplification module, and the amplified voltage signals are filtered through the filter module to realize the suppression of out-of-band noise and output the waveform information of the full-waveform measurement laser radar;
the transimpedance amplification module and the voltage amplification module are cascaded to form a gain link, the transimpedance amplification module adopts a low-noise broadband amplifier, and the voltage amplification module adopts a broadband two-way hierarchical cascade structure;
the voltage amplification module adopts a broadband two-way hierarchical cascade structure, and specifically comprises a first-stage broadband amplifier, a second-stage high-gain broadband amplifier and a second-stage low-gain broadband amplifier, wherein a voltage signal output by the trans-impedance amplification module is subjected to basic gain amplification of 20dB through the first-stage broadband amplifier, and then is subjected to high-gain amplification and low-gain amplification through the second-stage high-gain broadband amplifier and the second-stage low-gain broadband amplifier respectively, and two paths of amplified voltage signals are output to the filter module;
the high-gain amplification refers to amplification with the gain of 40-60 dB, and the low-gain amplification refers to amplification with the gain of 10-20 dB;
the filter module is realized by adopting a high-order Bessel filter, and the order of the high-order Bessel filter is 5-9 orders; both the high gain path and the low gain path are filtered by a high order bessel filter.
2. The APD detection apparatus for a full-waveform measurement lidar of claim 1, wherein: the temperature sensor also comprises an adjustable high-voltage module, a temperature sensing module, an interface module and a low-voltage power supply module;
the temperature sensing module monitors the temperature of the APD photoelectric sensing module, converts the temperature into a corresponding electric signal and outputs the electric signal, generates a high-voltage remote control signal according to the electric signal converted by the temperature, and controls the adjustable high-voltage module to provide adjustable bias high voltage for the APD photoelectric sensing module;
the interface module is used for providing interfaces between the temperature sensing module and the adjustable high-voltage module and the outside, and the low-voltage power supply module is used for supplying power.
3. The APD detection apparatus for a full-waveform measurement lidar of claim 2, wherein: the adjustable high-voltage module comprises an adjustable high-voltage power supply, a first amplifier, a DAC, a voltage division circuit and a second amplifier;
an externally input high-voltage remote control signal is input into the DAC for digital-to-analog conversion through the interface module, a generated analog quantity signal is amplified through the first amplifier and then input into the adjustable high-voltage power supply, and the adjustable high-voltage power supply adjusts bias high-voltage output provided for the APD photoelectric sensing module according to the received analog quantity; meanwhile, the bias high-voltage output is converted into a low-voltage signal through a voltage division circuit, and the low-voltage signal is amplified by a second amplifier to generate a high-voltage telemetering signal for output.
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| CN109283547A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-29 | 成都昊图新创科技有限公司 | Laser ranging equipment |
| CN109814085B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-06-08 | 歌尔光学科技有限公司 | A lidar temperature compensation method, device, system and equipment |
| DE102019206317A1 (en) * | 2019-05-03 | 2020-11-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a photodiode |
| JP7535704B2 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2024-08-19 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Imaging device |
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| EP4174518A4 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-08-02 | Suteng Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. | Laser receiving device and laser radar |
| CN112099034A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-18 | 广东博智林机器人有限公司 | Pulse signal measuring circuit and laser radar system |
| CN112558107B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-03-28 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Direct current baseline adjusting device and method for increasing instantaneous dynamic state of laser radar |
| CN112764055A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-05-07 | 江苏亮点光电研究有限公司 | Signal acquisition circuit applied to laser cloud detection radar |
| CN112415539B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2023-06-06 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device |
| CN114689172A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-01 | 维林光电(苏州)有限公司 | A method and system for improving the response dynamic range of a SiPM photoelectric sensor |
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| CN117148368B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2024-04-12 | 探维科技(苏州)有限公司 | APD and optimal gain determining method, control method, device and laser radar thereof |
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