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CN107921868B - 用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统 - Google Patents

用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统 Download PDF

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CN107921868B
CN107921868B CN201580059073.0A CN201580059073A CN107921868B CN 107921868 B CN107921868 B CN 107921868B CN 201580059073 A CN201580059073 A CN 201580059073A CN 107921868 B CN107921868 B CN 107921868B
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coupling member
shaft
output shaft
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transmission system
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CN107921868A (zh
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F·嘉宝
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Carraro AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H41/00—Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • F16H41/02—Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type with pump and turbine connected by conduits or ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/06—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the hydrokinetic type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/917—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
    • Y10S903/919—Stepped shift

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统包括转矩转换器(1)、与转矩转换器的输出部刚性连接的转矩转换器的外输出轴(2)以及与转矩转换器的输入部刚性连接的内输出轴、可选择性地连接到车辆的驱动轮的齿轮箱(7)、用于将外轴的运动选择性地传送到齿轮箱的主耦合构件(4)，以及可选择地作为发动机和发电机来操作的电动机(5)。传动系统还包括下游耦合构件(52)和上游耦合构件(53)，其分别布置在转矩转换器的上游和下游并且能够使转子元件分别选择性地连接到外轴和内轴。电动机还包括布置在外轴的相对于转矩转换器的相对远端处的转子元件(51)，主耦合构件布置在转矩转换器和远端之间的中间位置中。

Description

用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于混合动力牵引车辆的传动系统，特别是工业和农业类型的车辆，传动系统为包括转矩转换器和可以作为发动机和作为发电机选择性地致动的电动机的类型。
背景技术
近来，在工业和农业车辆的领域中，混合动力推进系统的使用也变得普遍，在混合动力推进系统中，通常为内燃机的不可逆吸热发动机与可以既作为发动机又作为发电机操作的电动类型的可逆发动机相关联。
典型地，工业车辆使用由吸热发动机致动的转矩转换器，吸热发动机通过齿轮箱将运动传送到车辆。更具体地，当与车辆相关联的传动部分连接到涡轮机时，吸热发动机连接到转矩转换器的泵。
吸热发动机还连接到被称为PTO的动力输出装置，其允许将动力供应到车辆的辅助附件，诸如用于致动辅助液压装置的农业设备或泵。
提供使用以上提到的部件的需求使得限定将在用于工业车辆的混合动力系统中使用的最合适的架构更加复杂。
此外，必须考虑到，工业车辆的使用是高度不连续的且可变的，驱动步骤与静态操作步骤交替，这与具有良好编码的发动机的使用曲线的道路车辆不同。
因此，使用与吸热发动机串联的电力推进并且广泛用于道路车辆中的解决方案也没有被发现适合于混合动力工业车辆，因为在这种情况下，需要对混合动力工业车辆的不通过目前一般仍然相对不大的数目所证明的传动装置进行完全重新设计，不由数字证明的。
作为串联型解决方案的替换方案，专利申请US 2009/0018716公开了混合动力车辆，其包括借助于从动轮传动装置连接的内燃机、连接到传动装置并且能够向附件装置供应功率的动力输出装置(PTO)、与动力输出装置并联并且包括电动机的混合动力牵引系统、能量累积系统和用于监测并控制车辆的系统。传动装置和混合动力牵引系统之间的连接是通过将电动机借助轴连接到力输出装置而构成的，以便产生双向功率流。
以这种方式，当进行加速时，该系统以提供电能的模式操作，以便向传动装置供应动力，补充由内燃机提供的动力，而在减速步骤中，电动机充当发电机，以供应再生制动，从而对能量累积系统再充电。
此外，该系统可在没有为车轮提供动力并且动力输出装置与传动装置断开且能量由电动机供应到附件装置的模式下操作。
虽然该专利申请中描述的并联配置相对于适于改装现有的传动装置的串联型解决方案不需要对传动装置进行完全重新设计，但是从效率和空间要求的角度出发，其没有被发现为最佳的。
发明内容
因此，本发明所解决的技术问题是提供用于车辆的传动系统，其允许克服以上参考现有技术提到的缺点。
为此，本发明提供了一种用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统，包括：
a.转换变换器，其包括：
用于连接到驱动轴的输入部，所述转换变换器的泵从所述输入部接纳旋转运动；以及
经由所述泵所操作的所述转换变换器的涡轮机而与所述输入部流体动力连接的输出部；
b.与所述转换变换器的所述输出部刚性连接的所述转换变换器的外输出轴以及与所述转换变换器的所述输入部刚性连接的所述转换变换器的内输出轴，所述外输出轴和所述内输出轴彼此共轴；
c.能够选择性地连接到所述车辆的驱动轮的齿轮箱；
d.用于将所述外输出轴的所述运动选择性地传送到所述齿轮箱的主耦合构件；
e.能够选择性地作为发动机和作为发电机来操作的电动机，所述电动机包括转子元件，
其中，所述传动系统还包括下游耦合构件和上游耦合构件，所述下游耦合构件和所述上游耦合构件分别布置在所述转换变换器的上游和下游，并且能够将所述转子元件分别选择性地连接到所述外输出轴和所述内输出轴，并且，所述转子元件布置在所述外输出轴的相对于所述转换变换器相对的远端处，所述主耦合构件布置在所述转换变换器和所述远端之间的中间位置中。
本发明具有一些相关的优点。主要的优点涉及这样的事实：根据本发明的传动系统具有与也可以用于常规系统的结构类似的结构，从而不需要设计新的架构。此外，相比仅设有吸热发动机的系统而言，其具有最小的结构复杂性和减少的空间要求。最后，根据本发明的传动系统有利地允许使用带有小于峰值功率的平均功率级的主发动机，从而允许其小型化。该特征允许尤其遵守在排放物方面限制较少的环境标准。
附图说明
从通过非限制实例的方式陈述的一些实施例的以下详细描述中，本发明的其它优点、特征和使用方法将变得清楚。将参考附图中的图，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的传动系统的示意性横截面；
图2是图1的传动系统的功能图；
图3是根据替换性实施例的本发明的传动系统的示意性横截面；且
图4是根据另一替换性实施例的本发明的传动系统的示意性横截面。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1，根据本发明的传动系统总体上标识为100。
传动系统100包括已知类型的转矩转换器1，其在输入部11的区域中连接到在图中未示出的驱动轴。驱动轴从例如在图2中示意性地示出的内燃型的不可逆吸热发动机M接收旋转运动。
仍然参考图1，转矩转换器包括框架，其仅仅以示意性的方式在图中示出并且限定环形的腔室，在该腔室中接纳有离心泵P，该离心泵P也以作用于转换器1自身中所存在的操作流体上的这种方式固定地连接到输入部11以及驱动轴。
转换器1还包括涡轮机T，操作流体对该涡轮机产生能量，以便使固定地连接到涡轮机的转换器的输出部12旋转。
以介于泵P和涡轮机T之间的状态，还设置了允许在驱动轴和转矩转换器1的输出部之间产生流体动力型连接的定子元件S。在任何情况下，转矩转换器1的操作方法对本领域技术人员是已知的，因此将不更详细地描述。
根据本发明的传动系统包括来自转矩转换器1的两个独立的输出轴：第一轴2，其连接到转换器1的输出部12并固定连接到涡轮机，和第二输出轴3，其代替地连接到转换器1的输入部11且因此固定地连接到框架自身，并且在图中以虚线示意性地示出。
更具体地，第一轴2为以其中限定有凹槽的方式的管状形式，在该凹槽内可延伸与第一轴共轴的第二轴3。因此，两个输出轴在下面也将分别被定义为内轴和外轴。
内轴3从其所刚性连接的转换器1一直延伸到输出端31，在输出端31的区域中，传动系统的输出部被设置用于连接到辅助泵8或连接到用于致动车辆的操作部件的其它装置，也就是说，运动操作不涉及的部件。以这种方式，车辆的发动机可向车辆的服务用户提供动力，其将转换器1旁路，因此防止与该部件相关联的耗散现象。
另外，主耦合构件4装配到外轴2，该主耦合构件4优选通过一系列离合器构成，这些离合器允许以外轴2的移动的选择性的方式、且因此以由转矩转换器生成的移动的选择性的方式连接到齿轮箱7，齿轮箱连接到驱动轮W，该轮仅在图中示意性地示出。根据优选实施例，齿轮箱7具有齿轮，该齿轮布置在主轴71、副轴72和输出轴73这三个不同的轴上，并且选择性地能够通过一系列的离合器或其它耦合构件74耦合以便获得不同的传动关系。
优选地，根据本发明的传动系统还包括空转轴6，其可以通过主耦合构件4连接到外轴2并且又连接到允许车轮的运动倒转的齿轮箱7。
以当内轴插入第一轴中时仍然限定有一个在轴向方向上相对于外输出轴2突出的末端的方式，内轴3还具有相对于外轴2的更大的纵向延伸部。
在该末端的区域中，提供有电动机5的转子元件51，电动机5可以选择性地作为发动机和作为发电机致动并且仅在图中示意性地示出。
特定地，转子元件51优选相对于完全延伸通过它的内轴3共轴。
转子元件51优选在相对的末端处分别连接到内轴和外轴。为此，根据本发明的传动系统包括第二耦合构件52和第三耦合构件53，两者均优选通过能够将转子元件51选择性地连接到外轴2和/或内轴3的离合器构成。从图中可以看出，耦合构件52布置在转矩转换器的下游，而构件53在其上游。由于这个原因，构件52和53也将在下面被指为下游构件52和上游构件53。
与转矩转换器相关联的耦合构件52和53的存在允许电动机5作为功率补偿器操作：
当上游构件53将转子元件51连接到齿轮箱7并且电动机5作为发动机而被致动时，电动机5的功率被添加到吸热发动机的功率中；
一旦下游构件52也被关闭，转矩转换器1的阻断被致动，从而引起泵和涡轮机彼此固定连接并且消除其损失；
在制动或减速条件下，一般来说，上游构件53断开，而下游构件52保持连接，从而引起转子51固定连接到外轴2，因此在运动链中相对于转换器1连续，从而允许更好的再生制动。
因此，应当注意的是，上述配置有利地允许电动机的转子元件用于阻断转换器，从而使根据本发明的传动系统特别具有通用性。
这还由转子元件51相对于转矩转换器1设置在外轴2的相对的远端25的区域中这一事实而被允许，内轴3的末端从该端延伸。
此外，在根据本发明的传动系统中，主耦合构件4设置在转矩转换器1和远端25之间的中间位置中，因此传动系统的架构在存在有电动机5、因此存在有混合配置的情况下以及在用另一个用于阻断转矩转换器1的装置来代替传动系统的情况下容易适应。因此，相同的结构也容易适用于非混合动力系统中。
如图2中指出的，根据本发明的传动系统的操作是通过并联放置吸热发动机M和电动机5来实现的，作为耦合构件52和53的结果，电动机可布置在传动系统的运动链中，交替地位于转换器1的上游或下游。
因此，参考图3，在替换性实施例中，根据本发明的传动系统包括附加的空转轴65，其允许经由下游离合器52阻断转换器，在这种情况下，下游离合器相对于电动机的转子51不再共轴，而是替代地定位在空转轴6上，以用于使该运动倒转。优选地，附加的空转轴65通过固定连接到转子51的齿轮54接收运动，以将该运动传送到轴6。
通过该解决方案，通过关闭下游离合器52，有可能在主耦合构件4和上游离合器53打开的情况下获得完整的再生制动，从而使吸热发动机与车轮和电动机断开。
除了使用带有作为用于吸热发动机的起动器的功能的电动机之外，显而易见的是，只要纯电牵引在驱动器的功率限制内，这种架构允许纯电牵引。
在图4中示出另一结构变体。
在该实施例中，对转换器的阻断不会相对于内轴3共轴地被引发，而是在齿轮箱的主轴71的区域中。
为此，在本实施例中，下游耦合构件52定位在通过齿轮57连接到转子51的主轴71上。
利用该解决方案，通过关闭下游离合器52，也有可能在主耦合构件4和上游耦合构件53打开的情况下获得完整的再生制动，从而使吸热发动机与车轮和电动机断开，并具有相对于前述实施例所示出的相同的优点。
因此，显而易见的是，所述的传动系统解决了作为使用布置在转矩转换器的上游和下游的一对离合器的结果参考本发明所认识到的问题，所述一对离合器不仅允许对传动系统的操作在混合操作和常规操作之间进行切换，而且还允许产生对转换变换器的阻断。
该特征还允许提供易于适应混合解决方案和常规解决方案的架构。
实际上，由上游和下游耦合构件以及电动机所形成的模块可安装在定位于传动装置之后的传动装置的动力输送装置处，从而允许现有的传动装置的设计不被修改，允许构成混合/并行牵引的系统。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统(100)，包括：
a.转换变换器(1)，其包括：
用于连接到驱动轴的输入部(11)，所述转换变换器(1)的泵(P)从所述输入部接纳旋转运动；以及
经由所述泵(P)所操作的所述转换变换器(1)的涡轮机(T)而与所述输入部(11)流体动力连接的输出部(12)；
b.与所述转换变换器(1)的所述输出部(12)刚性连接的所述转换变换器(1)的外输出轴(2)以及与所述转换变换器(1)的所述输入部(11)刚性连接的所述转换变换器(1)的内输出轴(3)，所述外输出轴(2)和所述内输出轴(3)彼此共轴；
c.能够选择性地连接到所述混合动力推进车辆的驱动轮的齿轮箱(7)；
d.用于将所述外输出轴(2)的旋转运动选择性地传送到所述齿轮箱(7)的主耦合构件(4)；
e.能够选择性地作为发动机和作为发电机来操作的电动机(5)，所述电动机(5)包括转子元件(51)，
其特征在于，所述传动系统还包括下游耦合构件(52)和上游耦合构件(53)，所述下游耦合构件(52)和所述上游耦合构件(53)分别布置在所述转换变换器(1)的上游和下游，并且能够将所述转子元件(51)分别选择性地连接到所述外输出轴(2)和所述内输出轴(3)，并且，所述转子元件布置在所述外输出轴(2)的相对于所述转换变换器(1)相对的远端(25)处，所述主耦合构件(4)布置在所述转换变换器(1)和所述远端(25)之间的中间位置中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统(100)，其特征在于，所述下游耦合构件(52)和所述上游耦合构件(53)布置在所述转子元件(51)的相对的端部处。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统(100)，其特征在于，还包括用于使被传送到所述齿轮箱(7)的旋转运动倒转的空转轴(6)，所述下游耦合构件(52)定位在所述空转轴(6)上，并且包括能够将所述转子元件(51)的旋转运动传送到所述下游耦合构件(52)的另一空转轴(65)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于混合动力推进车辆的传动系统(100)，其特征在于，所述齿轮箱(7)包括能够通过所述主耦合构件(4)从所述外输出轴(2)接收旋转运动的主轴(71)，所述下游耦合构件(52)定位在所述主轴(71)上。
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