CN107907247A - A kind of big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment - Google Patents
A kind of big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大热流激光校准装置，包括激光单元，所述激光单元的两侧对称安装有真空腔室，其中一侧的真空腔室用于安装标准热流传感器，另一侧的真空腔室用于安装实验热流传感器；所述激光单元用于向其两侧的标准热流传感器和实验热流传感器照射激光以提供相同的热流环境。本发明的大热流激光校准装置具有能够进行大热流校准且校准效率高等优点。
The invention discloses a large heat flow laser calibration device, which comprises a laser unit. Vacuum chambers are symmetrically installed on both sides of the laser unit, wherein the vacuum chamber on one side is used to install a standard heat flow sensor, and the vacuum chamber on the other side The chamber is used to install the experimental heat flow sensor; the laser unit is used to irradiate laser light to the standard heat flow sensor and the experimental heat flow sensor on both sides thereof to provide the same heat flow environment. The large heat flow laser calibration device of the present invention has the advantages of being capable of large heat flow calibration and high calibration efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明主要涉及传感器校准技术领域，特指一种大热流激光校准装置。The invention mainly relates to the technical field of sensor calibration, in particular to a large heat flow laser calibration device.
背景技术Background technique
热流校准在航空航天武器装备热防护系统设计、气动热外形设计及热能工程窑炉传热设计等方面有广泛的应用，热流校准的应用趋向于大热流动态校准的实际使用工况条件，现有的热流传感器校准装置利用高温石墨平板在空气中进行热流校准。在该装置中经过特殊加工的高温石墨平板两侧能提供对称的热流，对称位置放置标准热流传感器和实验热流传感器，通过对比标准热流传感器和实验热流传感器信号输出完成实验热流传感器的校准。该装置存在的问题是只能进行最高2MW/m2的热流校准，不能满足更高量程的热流校准需求，同时不能进行动态热流校准。在实际应用过程中，高于2MW/m2的大热流校准工作非常重要，同时动态热流校准的过程更符合工程应用实际。Heat flow calibration is widely used in thermal protection system design of aerospace weapons and equipment, aerodynamic thermal shape design and thermal engineering kiln heat transfer design. The application of heat flow calibration tends to be the actual working conditions of large heat flow dynamic calibration. The Heat Flux Sensor Calibration Set utilizes a high temperature graphite plate for heat flow calibration in air. In this device, both sides of the specially processed high-temperature graphite plate can provide symmetrical heat flow. The standard heat flow sensor and the experimental heat flow sensor are placed in symmetrical positions. The calibration of the experimental heat flow sensor is completed by comparing the signal output of the standard heat flow sensor and the experimental heat flow sensor. The problem with this device is that it can only perform heat flow calibration up to 2MW/m 2 , which cannot meet the heat flow calibration requirements of a higher range, and cannot perform dynamic heat flow calibration. In the actual application process, the large heat flow calibration work higher than 2MW/m 2 is very important, and the process of dynamic heat flow calibration is more in line with the actual engineering application.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题就在于：针对现有技术存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种能够进行大热流校准且校准效率高的大热流激光校准装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that: aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a large heat flow laser calibration device capable of large heat flow calibration and high calibration efficiency.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:
一种大热流激光校准装置，包括激光单元，所述激光单元的两侧对称安装有真空腔室，其中一侧的真空腔室用于安装标准热流传感器，另一侧的真空腔室用于安装实验热流传感器；所述激光单元用于向其两侧的标准热流传感器和实验热流传感器照射激光以提供相同的热流环境。A large heat flow laser calibration device, including a laser unit, vacuum chambers are symmetrically installed on both sides of the laser unit, wherein the vacuum chamber on one side is used to install a standard heat flow sensor, and the vacuum chamber on the other side is used to install Experimental heat flow sensor; the laser unit is used to irradiate laser light to the standard heat flow sensor and the experimental heat flow sensor on both sides thereof to provide the same heat flow environment.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
所述激光单元为激光器。The laser unit is a laser.
所述真空腔室内安装有转盘，各转盘均对应有独立的第一驱动件，所述转盘的圆周上设有多个用于安装热流传感器的接口，所述转盘在对应第一驱动件的驱动下转动以使转盘上其中一个热流传感器处于校准位置。A turntable is installed in the vacuum chamber, and each turntable is corresponding to an independent first driving member. A plurality of interfaces for installing heat flow sensors are provided on the circumference of the turntable, and the turntable is driven by a drive corresponding to the first driving member. Turn down to place one of the heat flux sensors on the turntable in the calibration position.
所述第一驱动件包括驱动件和传动杆，所述传动杆的一端与驱动件相连，另一端与转盘相连。The first driving part includes a driving part and a transmission rod, one end of the transmission rod is connected with the driving part, and the other end is connected with the turntable.
各所述真空腔室内均设有调制盘，各所述调制盘位于所述激光单元和热流传感器之间且相对设置；两调制盘均通过同一第二驱动件驱动同步旋转。Each of the vacuum chambers is provided with a modulation disc, and each of the modulation discs is located between the laser unit and the heat flow sensor and is set opposite to each other; both modulation discs are driven to rotate synchronously by the same second driving member.
所述调制盘包括多块扇形块，多块扇形块沿圆周方向分布。The retort disc includes a plurality of sector blocks, and the plurality of sector blocks are distributed along the circumferential direction.
所述第二驱动件包括驱动箱、第一传动杆、第二传动杆和第三传动杆，所述第一传动杆设置在所述驱动箱的两侧并通过驱动箱驱动转动，所述第二传动杆的一端与第一传动杆配合传动连接，另一端与第三传动杆的一端配合传动连接，第三传动杆的另一端与调制盘固定连接，其中各配合传动连接均为两个锥形齿轮配合传动。The second drive member includes a drive box, a first transmission rod, a second transmission rod and a third transmission rod. The first transmission rod is arranged on both sides of the drive box and driven to rotate by the drive box. The first transmission rod One end of the second transmission rod is connected to the first transmission rod, and the other end is connected to the third transmission rod. Shaped gears cooperate with transmission.
还包括控制单元和采集单元，所述采集单元分别与标准热流传感器和实验热流传感器相连、用于采集热流信号并发送至控制单元进行比较。It also includes a control unit and an acquisition unit, the acquisition unit is respectively connected with the standard heat flow sensor and the experimental heat flow sensor, and is used for collecting heat flow signals and sending them to the control unit for comparison.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of:
本发明的大热流激光校准装置，采用激光单元(如激光器)作为热源，输出光斑集中、能量损失小且稳定性好，能够进行大热流校准且提高了热流校准的准确度。真空腔室内的转盘上可以安装多个热流传感器，满足校准多支实验热流传感器的需求，提高测试效率。The large heat flow laser calibration device of the present invention adopts a laser unit (such as a laser) as a heat source, has concentrated output light spots, small energy loss and good stability, can perform high heat flow calibration and improves the accuracy of heat flow calibration. Multiple heat flow sensors can be installed on the turntable in the vacuum chamber to meet the needs of calibrating multiple experimental heat flow sensors and improve test efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的立体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
图2为本发明的方框结构图。Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention.
图3为本发明中第二驱动件的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second driving member in the present invention.
图中标号表示：1、激光单元；2、真空腔室；3、标准热流传感器；4、实验热流传感器；5、调制盘；51、第二驱动件；511、驱动箱；512、第一传动杆；513、第二传动杆；514、第三传动杆；515、锥形齿轮；6、转盘；61、第一驱动件；7、机械泵；8、数字电压表；9、计算机；10、电气控制系统；11、气体控制系统。The symbols in the figure indicate: 1. Laser unit; 2. Vacuum chamber; 3. Standard heat flow sensor; 4. Experimental heat flow sensor; Rod; 513, the second transmission rod; 514, the third transmission rod; 515, bevel gear; 6, turntable; 61, the first driver; 7, mechanical pump; 8, digital voltmeter; 9, computer; 10, Electrical control system; 11. Gas control system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1至图3所示，本实施例的大热流激光校准装置，包括激光单元1，激光单元1的两侧对称安装有真空腔室2，其中一侧的真空腔室2用于安装标准热流传感器3，另一侧的真空腔室2用于安装实验热流传感器4；激光单元1用于向其两侧的标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4照射激光以提供相同的热流环境。本发明的大热流激光校准装置，采用激光单元1(如激光器)作为热源，输出光斑集中、能量损失小且稳定性好，能够进行大热流校准且提高了热流校准的准确度。As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the high heat flow laser calibration device of this embodiment includes a laser unit 1, and vacuum chambers 2 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the laser unit 1, and the vacuum chamber 2 on one side is used to install the standard The heat flow sensor 3, the vacuum chamber 2 on the other side is used to install the experimental heat flow sensor 4; the laser unit 1 is used to irradiate laser light to the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 on both sides to provide the same heat flow environment. The large heat flow laser calibration device of the present invention adopts the laser unit 1 (such as a laser) as a heat source, has concentrated output light spots, small energy loss and good stability, can perform high heat flow calibration and improves the accuracy of heat flow calibration.
本实施例中，真空腔室2内安装有转盘6，各转盘6均对应有独立的第一驱动件61，转盘6的圆周上设有多个用于安装热流传感器的接口，转盘6在对应第一驱动件61的驱动下转动以使转盘6上其中一个热流传感器处于校准位置。如图1所示，转盘6上均匀分布有五个接口，接口上均安装有不同类型或量程的热流传感器，在进行测试时，将需要测试的传感器转动至最上方，与激光器的光路处于相同的测量光路，从而满足能够校准多支实验热流传感器4的需求，提高测试效率。其中第一驱动件61包括驱动件(图中未示出)和传动杆611，传动杆611的一端与驱动件相连，另一端与转盘6相连，传动杆611在驱动件的驱动下转动，从而带动转盘6转动。In this embodiment, a turntable 6 is installed in the vacuum chamber 2, and each turntable 6 is corresponding to an independent first driving member 61. The circumference of the turntable 6 is provided with a plurality of interfaces for installing heat flow sensors. Driven by the first driving member 61 to rotate, one of the heat flow sensors on the turntable 6 is at a calibration position. As shown in Figure 1, five interfaces are evenly distributed on the turntable 6, and heat flow sensors of different types or ranges are installed on the interfaces. The measurement optical path can meet the requirement of calibrating multiple experimental heat flow sensors 4 and improve the test efficiency. Wherein the first driving member 61 comprises a driving member (not shown) and a transmission rod 611, one end of the transmission rod 611 is connected with the driving member, and the other end is connected with the rotating disk 6, and the transmission rod 611 rotates under the drive of the driving member, thereby Drive rotating disk 6 to rotate.
本实施例中，各真空腔室2内均设有调制盘5，各调制盘5位于激光单元1和热流传感器之间且相对设置，调制盘5包括多块扇形块，多块扇形块沿圆周方向分布；两调制盘5均通过同一第二驱动件51驱动旋转；调制盘5的转动，能够使激光器的静态热流转变成动态热流，且通过调制盘5的转动速度来调整动态热流的变化频率。激光器两侧的调制盘5均通过同一第二驱动件51驱动旋转，能够保证两调制盘5保持同步且同相位转动，从而保证激光器两侧的标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4处于同步的热流环境下，提高校准的可靠性及精准性。其中第二驱动件51包括驱动箱511、第一传动杆512、第二传动杆513和第三传动杆514，第一传动杆512设置在驱动箱511的两侧并通过驱动箱511驱动转动，第二传动杆513的一端与第一传动杆512配合传动连接，另一端与第三传动杆514的一端配合传动连接，第三传动杆514的另一端与调制盘5固定连接，其中各配合传动连接均为两个锥形齿轮515配合传动。In this embodiment, each vacuum chamber 2 is provided with a reticle 5, and each reticle 5 is located between the laser unit 1 and the heat flow sensor and is arranged oppositely. Direction distribution; both modulation discs 5 are driven to rotate by the same second drive member 51; the rotation of modulation disc 5 can transform the static heat flow of the laser into dynamic heat flow, and the change of dynamic heat flow can be adjusted by the rotation speed of modulation disc 5 frequency. The modulation discs 5 on both sides of the laser are driven and rotated by the same second driving member 51, which can ensure that the two modulation discs 5 are kept synchronous and rotate in the same phase, thereby ensuring that the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 on both sides of the laser are in a synchronous heat flow environment, improve the reliability and accuracy of calibration. Wherein the second drive member 51 includes a drive box 511, a first transmission rod 512, a second transmission rod 513 and a third transmission rod 514, the first transmission rod 512 is arranged on both sides of the drive box 511 and driven to rotate by the drive box 511, One end of the second transmission rod 513 is connected in transmission with the first transmission rod 512, and the other end is in transmission connection with one end of the third transmission rod 514. The connections are two bevel gears 515 for transmission.
本实施例中，还包括控制单元和采集单元，采集单元分别与标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4相连、用于采集热流信号并发送至控制单元进行比较。In this embodiment, a control unit and an acquisition unit are also included. The acquisition unit is respectively connected to the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 for collecting heat flow signals and sending them to the control unit for comparison.
工作原理为，把实验热流传感器4与标准热流传感器3通过置于对称热流环境下，根据标准热流传感器3的信号输出校准实验热流传感器4。利用标准热流传感器3的系数C0和输出电压E0，就可以算出施加的对称热流密度q，根据实验热流传感器4的输出电压E从而能够确定待校准热流传感器的系数C，即：The working principle is that the experimental heat flow sensor 4 and the standard heat flow sensor 3 are placed in a symmetrical heat flow environment, and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 is calibrated according to the signal output of the standard heat flow sensor 3 . Using the coefficient C 0 and the output voltage E 0 of the standard heat flow sensor 3, the applied symmetrical heat flux q can be calculated, and the coefficient C of the heat flow sensor to be calibrated can be determined according to the output voltage E of the experimental heat flow sensor 4, namely:
式中：C——实验热流传感器4的系数；In the formula: C——the coefficient of the experimental heat flow sensor 4;
C0—标准热流传感器3的系数；C 0 —coefficient of standard heat flow sensor 3;
q—热流密度；q—heat flux density;
E—实验热流传感器4的输出电压；E—the output voltage of the experimental heat flow sensor 4;
E0—标准热流传感器3的输出电压；E 0 —the output voltage of the standard heat flow sensor 3;
使用时，标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4通过安装接口安装于转盘6上，两个转盘6与高功率激光器处于等距位置，使其接受相同的施加热流。激光器两侧的转盘6分别用于切换和精确定位标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4的位置，使两侧不同的标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4进入测量光路，同时满足能够安装不同量程的标准热流传感器3及校准多支实验热流传感器4的需求。标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4与采集单元(如数字电压表8)连接，用于采集热流信号的输出，数字电压表8与控制单元(如计算机9)连接，用于测试程序的控制及测试数据的比对分析。When in use, the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 are installed on the turntable 6 through the installation interface, and the two turntables 6 are equidistant from the high-power laser so that they receive the same applied heat flow. The turntables 6 on both sides of the laser are used to switch and precisely position the positions of the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4, so that the different standard heat flow sensors 3 and experimental heat flow sensors 4 on both sides enter the measurement optical path, and at the same time meet the requirements of different measuring ranges. Standard heat flow sensor 3 and requirements for calibrating multiple experimental heat flow sensors 4 . The standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 are connected with the acquisition unit (such as a digital voltmeter 8) for collecting the output of the heat flow signal, and the digital voltmeter 8 is connected with a control unit (such as a computer 9) for the control of the test program and Comparative analysis of test data.
开启电气控制系统10和气体控制系统11，向真空腔室2充入惰性气体(氮气或氩气)，同时排出真空腔室2内的气体，数分钟后真空腔室2内主要成分为惰性气体，空气只占极少部分。开启机械泵7对真空腔室2进行抽真空，使真空腔室2的真空度保持在0.1Pa左右。电气控制系统10对高功率激光器供电，通过控制输入的电压电流值，使高功率激光器的激光输出功率至目标值，通过调节转盘6使合适量程的标准热流传感器3及待校准的实验热流传感器4处于接受激光输出的位置，开启信号采集软件，利用数字电压表8同步采集标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4的信号输出，利用计算机9对输出信号进行分析，结合标准热流传感器3的灵敏度可以得到实验热流传感器4的标准热流与电压信号输出的情况，通过电气控制系统10调整输入电压电流值可以获得实验热流传感器4的热流与电压的校准曲线，从而对传感器进行热流校准。通过调节转盘6可实现不同量程的标准热流传感器3的切换，在热流校准过程中调节转盘6可实现不同的实验热流传感器4切换进而校准不同的实验热流传感器4。Turn on the electrical control system 10 and the gas control system 11, fill the vacuum chamber 2 with inert gas (nitrogen or argon), and discharge the gas in the vacuum chamber 2 at the same time. After a few minutes, the main component in the vacuum chamber 2 is inert gas , the air occupies only a very small part. Turn on the mechanical pump 7 to evacuate the vacuum chamber 2 to keep the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 2 at about 0.1Pa. The electrical control system 10 supplies power to the high-power laser. By controlling the input voltage and current values, the laser output power of the high-power laser reaches the target value. By adjusting the turntable 6, the standard heat flow sensor 3 with a suitable range and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 to be calibrated In the position of receiving the laser output, start the signal acquisition software, use the digital voltmeter 8 to synchronously collect the signal output of the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4, use the computer 9 to analyze the output signal, and combine the sensitivity of the standard heat flow sensor 3 to obtain In the case of the standard heat flow and voltage signal output of the experimental heat flow sensor 4, the calibration curve of the heat flow and voltage of the experimental heat flow sensor 4 can be obtained by adjusting the input voltage and current values through the electrical control system 10, so as to calibrate the heat flow of the sensor. The switching of standard heat flow sensors 3 with different ranges can be realized by adjusting the turntable 6 , and the switching of different experimental heat flow sensors 4 can be realized by adjusting the turntable 6 during the heat flow calibration process, thereby calibrating different experimental heat flow sensors 4 .
在动态热流校准过程中，同时联动校准激光器两侧的调制盘5，使两侧调制盘5同相位同转速联动，高功率激光器两侧的对称激光信号稳定后，标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4处于相同功率的动态热流照射之下，同步采集标准热流传感器3和实验热流传感器4的信号输出，并经过测试软件分析，完成传感器的动态热流校准。During the dynamic heat flow calibration process, the reticle 5 on both sides of the laser is linked and calibrated at the same time, so that the reticle 5 on both sides is linked at the same phase and speed. After the symmetrical laser signals on both sides of the high-power laser are stable, the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4. Under the same power dynamic heat flow irradiation, the signal output of the standard heat flow sensor 3 and the experimental heat flow sensor 4 is collected synchronously, and analyzed by the test software to complete the dynamic heat flow calibration of the sensor.
本发明的大热流激光校准装置，通过高功率激光器产生的热流进行热流传感器校准，高功率激光器输出能量大、输出光斑集中且稳定性好，能够达到输出上限9MW/m2的大能量热流，解决了现有热流校准装置石墨平板产生热流不高于2MW/m2的限制。The large heat flow laser calibration device of the present invention performs heat flow sensor calibration through the heat flow generated by the high-power laser. The high-power laser has large output energy, concentrated output light spots and good stability, and can reach a high-energy heat flow with an output upper limit of 9MW/ m2 , which solves the problem The limit of heat flow produced by graphite flat plate of the existing heat flow calibration device is not higher than 2MW/ m2 .
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment, it is characterised in that including laser cell (1), the both sides of the laser cell (1) Vacuum chamber (2) is symmetrically installed with, the wherein vacuum chamber (2) of side is used to install standard heat flow transducer (3), opposite side Vacuum chamber (2) is used to install experiment heat flow transducer (4)；The standard hot that the laser cell (1) is used for its both sides is spread Sensor (3) and experiment heat flow transducer (4) irradiate laser to provide identical hot-fluid environment.
- 2. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the laser cell (1) is laser Device.
- 3. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that peace in the vacuum chamber (2) Equipped with turntable (6), each turntable (6) is corresponding with independent the first actuator (61), and the circumference of the turntable (6) is equipped with multiple For installing the interface of heat flow transducer, the turntable (6) is rotated by so that turntable corresponding first actuator (61) (6) one of heat flow transducer is in calibrating position on.
- 4. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment according to claim 3, it is characterised in that first actuator (61) includes Actuator and drive link (611), one end of the drive link (611) are connected with actuator, and the other end is connected with turntable (6).
- 5. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in each vacuum chamber (2) Chopper wheel (5) is equipped with, each chopper wheel (5) is located at the laser cell (1) and between heat flow transducer and is oppositely arranged； Two chopper wheels (5) drive synchronous rotary by same second actuator (51).
- 6. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the chopper wheel (5) includes polylith Secter pat, polylith secter pat are along the circumferential direction distributed.
- 7. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment according to claim 5, it is characterised in that second actuator (51) includes Driving box (511), the first drive link (512), the second drive link (513) and the 3rd drive link (514), first drive link (512) both sides of the driving box (511) are arranged on and are driven by driving box (511) and are rotated, second drive link (513) One end and the first drive link (512) coordinate and be sequentially connected, the one end fits transmission company of the other end and the 3rd drive link (514) Connect, the other end of the 3rd drive link (514) is fixedly connected with chopper wheel (5), wherein respectively coordinating drive connection to be two tapers Gear (515) coordinates transmission.
- 8. big hot-fluid laser calibrating equipment according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that further include control unit and adopt Collect unit, the collecting unit is connected, for gathering heat with standard heat flow transducer (3) and experiment heat flow transducer (4) respectively Flow signal and send to control unit and be compared.
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