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CN107903286B - Fire retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fire retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107903286B
CN107903286B CN201710960876.4A CN201710960876A CN107903286B CN 107903286 B CN107903286 B CN 107903286B CN 201710960876 A CN201710960876 A CN 201710960876A CN 107903286 B CN107903286 B CN 107903286B
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cyclohexylamine
phosphonic acid
fire retardant
dimethylidene
preparation
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CN107903286A (en
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申义驰
程终发
李鹏飞
宋盟盟
王东海
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Shandong Taihe Technology Co ltd
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Shandong Taihe Water Treatment Technologies Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/3804Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3808Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/53Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
    • C08K5/5317Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
    • C08K5/5333Esters of phosphonic acids
    • C08K5/5353Esters of phosphonic acids containing also nitrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fire retardant chemicals, and particularly relates to cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the fire retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing phosphorous acid and cyclohexylamine; (2) dripping formaldehyde and preserving heat; (3) heating, and dropwise adding the residual formaldehyde to obtain the cyclohexylamine dimethylidephosphonic acid. The invention provides a fire retardant of cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid, which has good fire retardant effect, low solubility and environmental protection, and can be well applied to plastics. The invention also provides a preparation method of the flame retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid, which is simple, convenient to operate, environment-friendly and excellent in performance and is a flame retardant additive for plastics.

Description

Fire retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fire retardant chemicals, and particularly relates to a fire retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Most plastics are flammable. With the wide application of plastics in the aspects of buildings, furniture, traffic, aviation, aerospace, electrical appliances and the like, the improvement of the flame retardance of plastics has become a very urgent subject. The flame retardant is an auxiliary agent for inhibiting the combustibility of the polymer, and most of the auxiliary agents are compounds of elements in groups V, VII and III in the periodic table of elements; in particular phosphorus, bromine, chlorine, antimony and aluminium compounds. As a flame retardant with high efficiency, no smoke, low toxicity and no pollution, the phosphorus flame retardant is concerned by researchers and has made remarkable achievement in the aspects of synthesis, application and the like.
However, the raw materials of the common phosphorus flame retardant are most of dangerous and toxic chemicals such as phosphorus oxychloride and the like, and the invention takes the low-toxicity phosphorous acid as a substitute raw material to synthesize the environment-friendly organic phosphine product.
The organic phosphine flame retardant is a flame retardant with better flame retardance, has double functions of flame retardance and plasticization, and can replace halogenated flame retardants. Most of the organic phosphine products are good in water solubility at present, but when the organic phosphine products are used as a flame retardant to be added into plastics, the organic phosphine products are required to have the characteristic of being difficult to dissolve in water, otherwise, the stability of the plastics in water is reduced. Therefore, the development of the fire retardant which is insoluble in water environment and friendly has good economic and social benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to synthesize cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid, has good flame retardant effect and is environment-friendly, and the water solubility of an organic phosphine product applied to a plastic flame retardant is reduced.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid, which has the advantages of good reproducibility, easy operation and environmental protection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flame retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid having the formula:
Figure 538311DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(Ⅰ)。
the preparation method of the fire retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing phosphorous acid and cyclohexylamine; (2) dripping formaldehyde and preserving heat; (3) raising the temperature, and dripping formaldehyde to obtain the cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid.
Further, the cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid is synthesized by the following formula:
Figure 726585DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
preferably, the specific cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid is prepared by the following specific process:
(1) adding phosphorous acid into a reactor, adding metered cyclohexylamine into the reactor, adjusting the pH value of the system by hydrochloric acid, and uniformly stirring;
(2) controlling the temperature, and dripping 40-90% of the formaldehyde;
(3) slowly cooling to 20-80 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 1-5 h;
(4) raising the temperature, dropwise adding the residual formaldehyde, and keeping the temperature to continue the reaction to the end point;
(5) cooling to room temperature, stirring and crystallizing;
(6) centrifuging and drying to obtain cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystals;
wherein the sum of the formaldehyde amount in the step (2) and the residual formaldehyde amount in the step (4) is the total formaldehyde amount.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the cyclohexylamine to the phosphorous acid to the total formaldehyde is 1: 1.5-2.5.
Preferably, the pH value of the system is adjusted to be less than 2 by using hydrochloric acid in the step (1).
Preferably, the temperature control in the step (2) is 60-120 ℃.
Preferably, the time for dripping 40-90% of the dosage of the formaldehyde in the step (2) is 0.5-2 hours; and (4) dropwise adding the residual formaldehyde for 1-2 h.
Preferably, the temperature increase in the step (4) is 60-120 ℃; and (4) keeping the temperature for 2-5 hours.
Preferably, the dropwise addition of formaldehyde in the step (2) and the step (4) is carried out at a constant speed.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a fire retardant of cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid, which has good fire retardant effect, low solubility and environmental protection, and can be well applied to plastics. The invention also provides a preparation method of the flame retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid, which is simple, convenient to operate, environment-friendly and excellent in performance and is a flame retardant additive for plastics.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the purpose and significance of the present invention, the specific synthetic process of the present invention will now be illustrated by the following specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The synthesis principle of cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid is as follows:
Figure 814627DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the specific synthesis process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 144.3g of phosphorous acid into a reactor, dropwise adding 79.2g of cyclohexylamine into the reactor, regulating the pH value of the system to 2 by using hydrochloric acid, and uniformly stirring;
(2) controlling the temperature to be 120 ℃, dropwise adding 112g of metered formaldehyde solution, finishing dropwise adding for 2 hours, wherein the molar ratio of the reaction material cyclohexylamine to the phosphorous acid to the formaldehyde is 1:2: 2.4;
(3) cooling to 80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1 h;
(4) heating to 120 ℃, dropwise adding the residual 39.6g of formaldehyde, keeping the temperature and continuously reacting for 2 hours after 2 hours of dropwise adding;
(5) cooling to room temperature, and centrifuging to obtain cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystals.
The activity of the finally obtained cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystal is 98.87 percent, and the yield is 84.32 percent.
Example 2
The synthesis principle of cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid is as follows:
Figure 848704DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the specific synthesis process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 98.4g of phosphorous acid into a reactor, dropwise adding 79.2g of cyclohexylamine into the reactor, regulating the pH value of the system to 2 by using hydrochloric acid, and uniformly stirring;
(2) controlling the temperature to be 60 ℃, dropwise adding 112g of metered formaldehyde solution, and finishing dropwise adding for 2 hours, wherein the molar ratio of the reaction material cyclohexylamine to the phosphorous acid to the formaldehyde is 1:1.5: 1.5;
(3) cooling to 20 ℃, and preserving heat for 5 hours;
(4) heating to 100 ℃, dropwise adding the rest 10.7g of formaldehyde, keeping the temperature and continuously reacting for 5 hours after 1 hour of dropwise adding;
(5) cooling to room temperature, and centrifuging to obtain cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystals.
The activity of the finally obtained cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystal is 96.78 percent, and the yield is 82.7 percent.
Example 3
The synthesis principle of cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid is as follows:
Figure 599667DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the specific synthesis process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 164g of phosphorous acid into a reactor, dropwise adding 79.2g of cyclohexylamine into the reactor, regulating the pH value of the system to 2 by using hydrochloric acid, and uniformly stirring;
(2) controlling the temperature to be 90 ℃, dropwise adding 112g of metered formaldehyde solution, and finishing dropwise adding for 2 hours, wherein the molar ratio of the reaction material cyclohexylamine to the phosphorous acid to the formaldehyde is 1:2.5: 2.5;
(3) cooling to 60 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h;
(4) heating to 110 ℃, dropwise adding the residual 45.9g of formaldehyde, keeping the temperature and continuously reacting for 3 hours after 1.5 hours of dropwise adding;
(5) cooling to room temperature, and centrifuging to obtain cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystals.
The activity of the finally obtained cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystal is 96.43 percent, and the yield is 79.31 percent.
Effect test
The cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 can be easily added into plastics due to poor water solubility and has good flame retardant property, the invention tests the oxygen index and the U8594 rating of the cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 after being added into the plastic material, and the specific data are shown in tables 1 and 2.
The blank group is a plastic material to which no cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystal is added, and the experimental group 1, the experimental group 2, and the experimental group 3 are plastic materials to which cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid crystals prepared in example 1, example 2, and example 3 are added, respectively.
TABLE 1 oxygen index of plastics
Figure 284857DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
TABLE 2 Plastic U L94
Figure 107582DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Index calculation method
Activity and yield calculation methods:
a cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid activity test method is formulated by referring to a common organic phosphine product activity test method, and is verified by NMR to determine that the activity test method is effective. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1g (exactly to 0.0001 g) of sample is weighed into a 150m L beaker, 100m L of deionized water is added, the mixture is titrated on a potentiometric titrator, the mutation volumes V1 and V2 are recorded, and the final activity is
Figure 127491DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Wherein c is NaOH concentration, 1mo L/L, m is the actual mass of the weighed sample, and the content of the phosphorus and the phosphorous is implemented according to the method for measuring the content of the phosphorus and the phosphorous in the scale and corrosion inhibitor for the circulating water of the D L/T806-2013 thermal power plant.
And (3) calculating yield: the theoretical output is calculated by the equation that phosphorous acid or cyclohexylamine is not excessive:
Figure 975754DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
or
Figure 764719DEST_PATH_IMAGE010

Claims (1)

1. The application of cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid is characterized by being used as a flame retardant.
CN201710960876.4A 2017-10-17 2017-10-17 Fire retardant cyclohexylamine dimethylidene phosphonic acid and preparation method thereof Active CN107903286B (en)

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Patentee before: SHANDONG TAIHE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Co.,Ltd.