CN107847472A - 用于治疗转移和/或软骨缺陷的非疏水性化合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及化合物、其互变异构体、立体异构体和经化学修饰的化合物,以及它们在预防和/或治疗转移的肿瘤和/或软骨缺陷中的用途,以及包含此类化合物的药物组合物。
Description
本发明涉及非疏水性化合物,其在预防和/或治疗转移和/或软骨缺陷中的用途,以及包含此类化合物的药物组合物,其中所述化合物或组合物例如经口施用。
背景技术
恶性黑素瘤是具有最高死亡率的皮肤癌。其以转移形成的早期发作和快速的疾病进展为特征;在全身转移的情况下,五年存活率小于10%(Balch,C.M.,等,PrognosticFactors Analysis of 17,600Melanoma Patients:Validation of the American JointCommittee on Cancer Melanoma Staging System.Journal of Clinical Oncology,2001.19(16):第3622至3634页)。在Top5欧盟国家(德国、英国、法国、西班牙、意大利)、美国和澳大利亚,2010年已诊断出125,000例原发肿瘤发病;预计到2025年将增加150,000例(Globocan 2008)。随着这种恶性肿瘤发病的提高,同时出现了新的治疗尝试。其包括BRAFV600E抑制剂维罗非尼(Vemurafenib)、c-Kit抑制剂伊马替尼(Imatinib)、激活免疫系统的抗CTLA-4抗体易普利姆玛(Ipilimumab),以及抗PD1免疫检查点抑制剂Nivolumab和Lambrolizumab;然而,整体存活率仍然很差(McArthur,G.A.,等,Safety and efficacy ofvemurafenib in BRAFV600E and BRAFV600K mutation-positive melanoma(BRIM-3):extended follow-up of a phase 3,randomised,open-label study.The LancetOncology,2014.15(3):第323至332页)。
MIA是由黑色素肿瘤细胞分泌的11kDa蛋白质,其与导致转移形成的细胞迁移和侵袭有关。其还与恶性黑素瘤的免疫抑制有关(Jachimczak,P.,等,Inhibition ofimmunosuppressive effects of melanoma-inhibiting activity(MIA)by antisensetechniques.International Journal of Cancer,2005.113(1):第88至92页),并且是黑素瘤疾病进展的诊断性血清标志物,因为其在除正在分化的软骨细胞以外的健康组织中几乎不表达。MIA也被称为CD-RAP(软骨衍生视黄酸敏感蛋白),其不仅在黑素瘤细胞中表达,还在软骨细胞中表达,并且调节缺陷软骨的再生(Schmid R,Schiffner S,Opolka A,S,Schubert T,Moser M,Bosserhoff AK.Cell Death Dis.2010年11月11日)。对MIA/CD-RAP敲除小鼠的分析表明,MIA/CD-RAP影响软骨细胞与其周围细胞外基质之间的相互作用,抑制间充质细胞的增殖并且促进软骨细胞分化。MIA不仅在黑素瘤的情况下表达,还在许多类型的肿瘤(通常是晚期肿瘤,例如乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、胰腺癌和结肠癌等)中表达。MIA允许通过掩蔽纤连蛋白和/或整联蛋白的结合位点使细胞从肿瘤中释放,并允许其在一个方向上迁移,导致侵入其他组织和转移形成。
在WO 2011/113604中,其公开了MIA作为同二聚体物质有功能活性,并且诸如AR71的肽能够阻断MIA-MIA相互作用并因此抑制转移的形成和/或影响软骨形成(例如软骨细胞分化)。在对小鼠进行肽处理之后没有观察到不利影响。然而,由于肽容易被消化道或血清中的蛋白酶降解,并因此通常不可口服,所以其通常是差的药物候选。
因此,本发明涉及有效地用于预防和/或治疗转移和/或软骨缺陷的改进的MIA二聚化抑制剂,其例如甚至可经口施用。
发明内容
在本发明中,已研究了非疏水性并且与MIA的二聚化位点相互作用的化合物,所述二聚化位点包含MIA蛋白的选自以下的至少三个氨基酸残基或者由所述氨基酸残基形成:半胱氨酸17、丝氨酸18、酪氨酸47、甘氨酸61、甘氨酸66、天冬氨酸67、亮氨酸76、色氨酸102、天冬氨酸103、半胱氨酸106、缬氨酸64、酪氨酸69、天冬氨酸87、赖氨酸91、甘氨酸54、亮氨酸58、苯丙氨酸59、丙氨酸7、赖氨酸53、精氨酸55、精氨酸57、精氨酸85和赖氨酸94。或者,所述二聚化位点选自以下:半胱氨酸17、丝氨酸18、酪氨酸47、甘氨酸61、甘氨酸66、天冬氨酸67、亮氨酸76、色氨酸102、天冬氨酸103、半胱氨酸106、丙氨酸7、赖氨酸53、精氨酸55、精氨酸57、精氨酸85和赖氨酸94。另外的选择是例如半胱氨酸17、丝氨酸18、酪氨酸47、甘氨酸61、甘氨酸66、天冬氨酸67、亮氨酸76、色氨酸102、天冬氨酸103和半胱氨酸106。
所述非疏水性化合物单独使用或组合使用用于预防和/或治疗由MIA蛋白的二聚化引起的转移和/或其中再生被MIA二聚化抑制的软骨缺陷,其中所述化合物选自表1的化合物1至270、其互变异构体、立体异构体和经化学修饰的化合物。
通过本发明化合物可预防和/或可治疗的转移基于任何表达MIA的原发肿瘤,例如黑素瘤、乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、胰腺癌、结肠癌等。转移位于例如肝、肺、骨、结肠、胃、神经、淋巴结、皮肤和/或脑中。
本发明化合物单独施用或者与本发明的其他非疏水性化合物组合施用以及与化学治疗剂(例如,维罗非尼(Vermurafenib)、易普利姆玛、曲美替尼(Trametinib)、达拉非尼(Dabradenib)、达卡巴嗪(Dacarbazine)、紫杉醇(Paclitaxel)、卡铂(Carboplatin)、α干扰素、阿地白介素(Aldesleukin))组合施用,所述化学治疗剂还包含例如抑制性细胞因子(例如TGFα、TGFβ、白细胞介素等)。
化合物同时或连续地施用。
本发明还涉及用于预防和/或治疗由黑素瘤抑制活性(MIA)蛋白的二聚化引起的转移和/或其中再生被MIA二聚化抑制的软骨缺陷的包含一种或更多种本发明化合物的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包含选自表1的化合物1至270、其互变异构体、立体异构体和经化学修饰的化合物中的至少一种化合物,以及可药用载体和/或溶剂和任选地化学治疗剂。
在一个实施方案中,本发明化合物或药物组合物经口施用。
图1描绘了MIA二聚体的模型,其中本发明化合物结合至MIA-MIA相互作用位点(又称MIA二聚化位点)。
图2示出了化合物3(F1811-0131)的预测的通过血脑屏障(图2A)、预测的经口利用度(图2B)和预测的全身毒性(图2C)。
图3示出了在HTFP测定中测量的化合物1至6对MIA二聚化的抑制。
图4示出博伊登室测定(Boyden chamber assay),证明了化合物1、2和3分别对黑素瘤细胞迁移的抑制。
图5描绘了分别在成纤维细胞(图5A、5B)和肾细胞HEK-293(图5C、5D)的增殖和粘附方面测试的化合物1至6。测试化合物对这些细胞均无影响。
图6示出化合物1对黑素瘤细胞Mel-Im系的增殖的抑制。
发明详述
作为一般治疗概念,对MIA二聚化的选择性抑制是有吸引力的治疗概念,因为除了其在恶性黑素瘤中的表达之外,MIA仅由正在分化的软骨细胞表达。此外,本发明的抑制策略靶向分泌的细胞外MIA;因此避免了对本发明化合物的细胞渗透性的需要。本发明化合物特别地开发和用于预防和/或治疗由黑素瘤抑制活性(MIA)蛋白的二聚化引起的转移或由例如机械或免疫破坏和软骨再生被MIA二聚化抑制而导致的软骨缺陷。MIA避免了容许软骨细胞增殖的软骨细胞去分化。没有(二聚化)MIA,软骨细胞转化成能够生长和再生的特定类型的前体细胞,即,终止了软骨缺陷。MIA阻断了这种再生作用。
本发明化合物分别与MIA蛋白的二聚化位点相互作用和结合。因此,本发明化合物避免MIA蛋白的二聚化和/或破坏存在的MIA二聚体。
作为MIA蛋白相互作用的位点的MIA二聚化位点包含所述MIA蛋白的选自以下的至少三个氨基酸残基或者由所述氨基酸残基形成:半胱氨酸17、丝氨酸18、酪氨酸47、甘氨酸61、甘氨酸66、天冬氨酸67、亮氨酸76、色氨酸102、天冬氨酸103、半胱氨酸106、缬氨酸64、酪氨酸69、天冬氨酸87、赖氨酸91、甘氨酸54、亮氨酸58、苯丙氨酸59、丙氨酸7、赖氨酸53、精氨酸55、精氨酸57、精氨酸85和赖氨酸94。在一个实施方案中,MIA蛋白的二聚化位点包含以下或由以下组成:半胱氨酸17、丝氨酸18、酪氨酸47、甘氨酸61、甘氨酸66、天冬氨酸67、亮氨酸76、色氨酸102、天冬氨酸103、半胱氨酸106、丙氨酸7、赖氨酸53、精氨酸55、精氨酸57、精氨酸85和赖氨酸94。在另一个实施方案中,MIA二聚化位点包含以下或由以下组成:半胱氨酸17、丝氨酸18、酪氨酸47、甘氨酸61、甘氨酸66、天冬氨酸67、亮氨酸76、色氨酸102、天冬氨酸103和半胱氨酸106。
通过二聚化位点,甚至多于两个MIA蛋白可相互作用并形成包含三个或更多个MIA蛋白或由三个或更多个MIA蛋白组成的团聚物(aggregate)。图1示出实际上与多种本发明化合物结合的这样的MIA二聚化位点的模型。MIA蛋白的形成二聚化位点的氨基酸是疏水性的,因此二聚化位点是疏水性的。出人意料地,与MIA二聚化位点相互作用的本发明化合物是非疏水性的。用于预防和/或治疗由MIA蛋白二聚化引起的转移或软骨缺陷的本发明化合物列在下表1中。本发明还包括表1中列出的化合物的互变异构体、立体异构体和经化学修饰的化合物。
表1示出了本发明化合物以及各自的互变异构体和立体异构体实例,在第5列“涉及的变体”的括号中指出了可能的互变异构体或立体异构体的数目。
化合物1至270的化学修饰是产生以与MIA的二聚化位点特异并且有效地相互作用或结合为特征之化合物的任何修饰。化学修饰例如选自以下:H、烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基或烷基、芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基、杂芳基烷基和烷氧基烷基,其各自任选地被独立选择的非极性或极性基团取代一次、两次或三次。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“烷基”是指包含1至10个碳原子的直链或支链烃。烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、3-甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基等。在一些优选实施方案中,本文使用的“低级烷烃”是烷基的子集,并且是指包含1至4个碳原子的直链或支链烃基。低级烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基等。除非另外说明,否则术语“烷基”或“低级烷基”旨在包括经取代和未经取代两种情况的烷基或低级烷基,并且这些基团可被选自以下的基团取代:卤素(例如,卤代烷基)、烷基、卤代烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环烷基、羟基、烷氧基(由此产生聚烷氧基,如聚乙二醇)、烯氧基、炔氧基、卤代烷氧基、环烷氧基、环烷基烷氧基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、杂环氧基、杂环烷氧基、巯基、烷基-S(0)m、卤代烷基-S(0)m、烯基-S(0)m、炔基-S(0)m、环烷基-S(0)m、环烷基烷基-S(0)m、芳基-S(0)m、芳基烷基-S(0)m、杂环基-S(0)m、杂环烷基-S(0)m、氨基、羧基、烷基氨基、烯基氨基、炔基氨基、卤代烷基氨基、环烷基氨基、环烷基烷基氨基、芳基氨基、芳基烷基氨基、杂环氨基、杂环烷基氨基、经二取代的氨基、酰氨基、酰氧基、酯、酰胺、磺酰胺、脲、烷氧基酰氨基、氨基酰氧基、硝基或氰基,其中m=0、1、2或3。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“烯基”是指在正常链(normal chain)中包含1至4个双键的包含1至10个碳原子(或者在低级烯基中1至4个碳原子)的直链或支链烃。烯基的代表性实例包括但不限于乙烯基、2-丙烯基、3-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、4-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、2,4-庚二烯等。除非另外说明,否则术语“烯基”或“低级烯基”旨在包括经取代和未经取代两种情况的烯基或低级烯基,并且这些基团可被如上结合烷基和低级烷基所述的基团取代。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“炔基”是指在正常链中包含1个三键的包含1至10个碳原子(或者在低级炔基中1至4个碳原子)的直链或支链烃。炔基的代表性实例包括但不限于2-丙炔基、3-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、4-戊炔基、3-戊炔基等。除非另外说明,否则术语“炔基”或“低级炔基”旨在包括经取代和未经取代两种情况的炔基或低级炔基,并且这些基团可被如上结合烷基和低级烷基所述的相同基团取代。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“环烷基”是指包含3、4或5个至6、7或8个碳(在如下所讨论的杂环基中,所述碳可被替换)的饱和或部分不饱和的环状烃基。环烷基的代表性实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。这些环可任选地被另外的本文所述取代基(例如,卤素或低级烷基)取代。除非另外说明,否则术语“环烷基”是一般性的并且旨在包括如下所讨论的杂环基。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“杂环基”或“杂环”是指脂族(例如,完全或部分饱和的杂环)或芳族(例如,杂芳基)单环或双环体系。单环体系为例如包含1、2、3或4个独立地选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的任意5元或6元环。5元环具有0至2个双键,6元环具有0至3个双键。单环体系的代表性实例包括但不限于氮杂环丁烷(azetidine)、氮杂环庚三烯(azepine)、氮杂环丙烷(aziridine)、二氮杂1,3-二氧戊环、二氧六环、二噻烷、呋喃、咪唑、咪唑啉、咪唑烷、异噻唑、异噻唑啉、异噻唑烷、异唑、异唑啉、异唑烷、吗啉、二唑、二唑啉、二唑烷、唑、唑啉、唑烷、哌嗪、哌啶、吡喃、吡嗪、吡唑、吡唑啉、吡唑烷、吡啶、嘧啶、哒嗪、吡咯、吡咯啉、吡咯烷、四氢呋喃、四氢噻吩、四嗪、四唑、噻二唑、噻二唑啉、噻二唑烷、噻唑、噻唑啉、噻唑烷、噻吩、硫代吗啉、硫代吗啉砜、噻喃、三嗪、三唑、三噻烷等。双环体系为例如与本文定义的芳基、本文定义的环烷基或本文定义的其他单环体系稠合的任意上述单环体系。双环体系的代表性实例包括但不限于例如苯并咪唑、苯并噻唑、苯并噻二唑、苯并噻吩、苯并二唑、苯并唑、苯并呋喃、苯并吡喃、苯并噻喃、苯并二英、1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊二烯、噌啉、吲唑、吲哚、二氢吲哚、吲哚嗪、二氮杂萘、异苯并呋喃、异苯并噻吩、异吲哚、异二氢吲哚、异喹啉、酞嗪、嘌呤、吡喃并吡啶、喹啉、喹嗪、喹喔啉、喹唑啉、四氢异喹啉、四氢喹啉、噻喃并吡啶等。这些环包括其季胺化衍生物并且可任选地被选自以下的基团取代:卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、烯氧基、炔氧基、卤代烷氧基、环烷氧基、环烷基烷氧基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、杂环氧基、杂环烷氧基、巯基、烷基-S(O)m、卤代烷基-S(O)m、烯基-S(O)m、炔基-S(O)m、环烷基-S(O)m、环烷基烷基-S(O)m、芳基-S(O)m、芳基烷基-S(O)m、杂环基-S(O)m、杂环烷基-S(O)m、氨基、烷基氨基、烯基氨基、炔基氨基、卤代烷基氨基、环烷基氨基、环烷基烷基氨基、芳基氨基、芳基烷基氨基、杂环氨基、杂环烷基氨基、经二取代的氨基、酰氨基、酰氧基、酯、酰胺、磺酰胺、脲、烷氧基酰氨基、氨基酰氧基、硝基或氰基,其中m=0、1、2或3。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“芳基”是指具有一个或更多个芳环的单环碳环体系或双环碳环稠环体系。芳基的代表性实例包括基、茚满基、茚基、萘基、苯基、四氢萘基等。除非另外说明,否则术语“芳基”旨在包括经取代和未经取代两种情况的芳基,并且这些基团可被如上结合烷基和低级烷基的所述的相同基团取代。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“芳基烷基”是指通过本文定义的烷基附接到母体分子部分的本文定义的芳基。芳基烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于苄基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基,2-萘-2-基乙基等。本文使用的“杂芳基”如以上结合杂环基的描述。
本文单独地或作为其他基团的部分使用的“烷氧基”是指通过氧基(-O-)附接到母体分子部分的本文定义的烷基或低级烷基(并因此包括经取代形式,例如聚烷氧基)。烷氧基的代表性实例包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、2-丙氧基、丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基等。
本文使用的“卤素”是指任何合适的卤素,包括-F、-CI、-Br和-I。
化合物1由以下通式(I)表示
其中,
R1、R2和R4彼此独立地表示氢、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基或芳基;
R3表示线性n1-7烷基、支化n3-7烷基、线性n1-7烯基、支化n3-7烯基、线性n1-7炔基、支化n3-7炔基、n5-7环烷基、n5-7环烯基、n5-7环炔基、n5-7芳基;
X彼此独立地表示选自N和S的经取代或未经取代的杂原子,其中所述杂原子可与相邻碳原子形成双键;
Y表示经取代或未经取代的胺,其可与相邻碳原子形成双键;以及
Z表示卤素或者选自O、N和S的经取代或未经取代的杂原子,其中所述杂原子可与相邻碳原子形成双键。
化合物1包含例如以下修饰:
化合物2由以下通式(II)表示
其中,
R1表示氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、氨基(amin)、氨基烷基、氨基烯基、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基或芳基;
R2彼此独立地表示氢、烷基、烯基或炔基;
X表示选自N和S的经取代或未经取代的杂原子;以及
Y表示线性n3-5烷基、线性n3-5烯基或线性n3-5炔基。
化合物2包含例如以下修饰:
化合物3由以下通式(III)表示
其中,
R1表示氢、线性n3-5烷基、线性n3-5烯基、线性n3-5炔基、线性n3-5羟基烷基、线性n3-5羟基烯基、线性n3-5羟基炔基、线性n3-5乙氧基烷基、线性n3-5乙氧基烯基、或线性n3-5乙氧基炔基;
R2表示氢、卤素、烷基、烯基或炔基;
X表示羟基或=O基团;
Y彼此独立地表示选自N和S的杂原子,其中所述杂原子可与相邻碳原子形成双键。
化合物3包含例如以下修饰:
化合物4由以下通式(IV)表示
其中,
R1彼此独立地表示氢、卤素、烷基、烯基或炔基;
R2彼此独立地表示氢、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基,或者其中R2残基一起形成n5-7环烷基或n5-7芳基;
X表示氢、羟基或=O基团;
Y彼此独立地表示碳原子或选自N和S的杂原子,其中所述杂原子可与相邻碳原子形成双键。
化合物4包含例如以下修饰:
化合物5由以下通式(V)表示
其中,
R1彼此独立地表示氢、烷基、烯基或炔基,或者其中两个R1形成环烷基或芳基;
R2彼此独立地表示氢、烷基、烯基或炔基;
R3表示氢、卤素、乙氧基、烷基、烯基或炔基;
Y彼此独立地表示选自N和S的杂原子,其中所述杂原子可与相邻碳原子形成双键;以及
Z表示碳原子或N。
化合物5包含例如以下修饰:
化合物6由以下通式(VI)表示
其中,
R1表示线性n2-6烷基、支化n3-6烷基、线性n2-6烯基、支化n3-6烯基、线性n2-6炔基、支化n3-6炔基、n5-7环烷基、n5-7环烯基、n5-7环炔基、n5-7芳基烷基、n1-3烷基羧基;
R2彼此独立地表示氢、烷基、烯基或炔基;
Y彼此独立地表示选自N和S的杂原子,其中所述杂原子可与相邻碳原子形成双键;以及
Z彼此独立地表示碳原子,其可与相邻碳原子形成双键。
化合物6包含例如以下修饰:
本发明不仅涉及表1的非疏水性化合物、其互变异构体和立体异构体,而且还涉及例如如上所述的这些化合物的经化学修饰的形式。
通过使用本发明化合物可预防和/或可治疗的转移基于任何类型的原发肿瘤,例如黑素瘤、乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、胰腺癌和结肠癌。在一个实施方案中,原发肿瘤是晚期肿瘤。转移例如位于肝、肺、骨、结肠、胃、神经、淋巴结、皮肤和/或脑中。
通过使用本发明化合物可预防和/或可治疗的软骨缺陷为例如选自以下的软骨退行性障碍:类风湿性关节炎、关节软骨退化、退行性椎间盘疾病、半月板撕裂、前十字韧带(anterior crucial ligament,ACL)损伤、关节炎、骨关节炎、银屑病关节炎、青少年慢性关节炎、肢根关节炎(rhizomelic arthritis)、类风湿性多发性关节炎(rheumatoid poly-arthritis)、滑膜炎和绒毛结节性滑膜炎。
MIA蛋白的二聚化例如通过非均相过渡金属基荧光偏振(heterogeneoustransition metal-based fluorescence polarization,HTFP)测定来测量,其中测量P/P0比。P为在底物结合的MIA-蛋白和待测试化合物的存在下用过渡金属络合物标记的MIA蛋白的荧光偏振信号。P0为在不存在底物结合的MIA-蛋白且不存在所述化合物的情况下用所述发光过渡金属络合物标记的游离MIA-蛋白的荧光偏振信号。在不存在所述化合物的情况下,通常经标记的MIA-蛋白将与底物结合的MIA-蛋白相互作用,这转而将有助于降低经标记的MIA-蛋白的旋转移动性,因此当这样相互作用时荧光偏振信号将增加。此外,如果存在干扰这样的相互作用的化合物,则无或极少发生二聚/团聚,并且将检测到荧光偏振信号不增加或极少增加。P/P0越小或甚至约负,这种对二聚体形成和团聚的干扰越强,并且此类化合物越好地防止或破坏MIA蛋白的二聚化/团聚。在替选实施方案中,通过NMR,例如,杂核NMR,如15N-1H-HSQC-NMR确定化合物与MIA蛋白的结合。
在本发明中,向对象施用表1的1至270中的至少一种化合物、其互变异构体、立体异构体、或经化学修饰的化合物,或者在另一个实施方案中,向对象施用这些化合物中的两种或更多种、其互变异构体、立体异构体、和/或经化学修饰的化合物,以用于预防和/或治疗转移或软骨缺陷。化合物同时或连续地施用。
在一个实施方案中,通过化合物生长或化合物连接来增加本发明化合物的大小。关于片段生长,稳定地建立初始化合物以探索与二聚化位点的相邻区域的有利相互作用;关于化合物连接,使本发明化合物(例如两个或更多个,例如3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10个)彼此连接,即在有或没有接头的情况下偶联。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述化合物是疏水性的,在另一个实施方案中,所述化合物是亲水性或中性的。
在另一个实施方案中,与化学治疗剂组合地向对象施用本发明的一种或更多种化合物,所述化学治疗剂是对于治疗癌症有效的任何化学试剂,例如,天然存在的或合成的,例如维罗非尼、易普利姆玛、曲美替尼、达拉非尼、达卡巴嗪、紫杉醇、卡铂、α干扰素和阿地白介素、TGFα、TGFβ、白细胞介素等。化合物和化学治疗剂同时或连续地施用。
本发明还涉及用于预防和/或治疗由黑素瘤抑制活性(MIA)蛋白的二聚化引起的转移和/或其中再生被MIA二聚化抑制的软骨缺陷的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包含选自表1的化合物1至270、其互变异构体、立体异构体和/或经化学修饰的化合物中的至少一种化合物,以及可药用载体和/或溶剂。该药物组合物还包含分别积极地影响软骨生长和再生的化学治疗剂或任何物质(包括细胞如软骨细胞)。
实施例
以下实施例更详细地示出本发明,然而,本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
使用基于片段的计算机模拟筛选(in silico screening)鉴定抑制MIA的本发明的小的、片段大小的化合物。对建议的结构进行体外筛选并对最有前途的分子开发模块合成策略。
NMR滴定实验
来自用AR71(具有氨基酸序列FHWRYPLPLPGQ的肽)对15N标记的MIA进行的HSQC滴定,发现氨基酸CYS17、SER18、TYR47、GLY66、ASP67、LEU76、TRP102、ASP103和CYS106表现强的位移扰动(Schmidt,J.,A.Riechers,和A.K.Bosserhoff,MIA-a new target proteinfor malignant melanoma therapy.Histol Histopathol,2013.28(4):第421至426页),并且在MIA和AR71的计算机模拟蛋白质-肽对接中定义为相互作用残基。所得模型显示肽结合在形成二聚化结构域的一部分的疏水缝隙中。
虚拟筛选
使用人MIA蛋白1I1J的分辨率的晶体结构(Lougheed,J.C.,等,Structureof melanoma inhibitory activity protein,a member of a recently identifiedfamily of secreted proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2001,98(10):第5515至5520页)以及NMR辨析结构1K0X(Lougheed,J.,P.Domaille,和T.Handel,Solution structure and dynamics of melanoma inhibitory activityprotein.Journal of Biomolecular NMR,2002,22(3):第211至223页)和1HJD(Stoll,R.,等,The extracellular human melanoma inhibitory activity(MIA)protein adopts anSH3domain‐like fold.2001.20(3):第340至349页)各自的第一模型作为独特的MIA蛋白受体构象用于虚拟筛选实验。将蛋白质-肽对接中使用的相同氨基酸残基作为输入提供给分子对接软件,以指导MIA蛋白中推定的结合位点的自动检测和定义。
在三种MIA蛋白构象的每一种中,检测到相同的单一推定结合位点。该位点位于远端环(残基69至75)附近的缝隙中,并被溶剂暴露的“二硫化物环”(残基13至19)、RT环的转角(残基35至38)和C末端残基102至106围绕(framed)。除了位于远端环上并因此太远的TYR48、GLY66和ASP67之外,通过诱导的化学位移变化鉴定为与AR71肽相互作用的大多数氨基酸残基构成推定的结合位点。在三种独特MIA受体构象的每一种中围绕缝隙的结构元件的排列差异导致推定的结合位点的不同体积和形状。
用获自化合物商的未处理片段文库目录中包含的28751个片段结构开始片段文库的制备。过滤盐、不需要的化学物质和官能团以及重复结构导致分别去除了1、2577和127个结构。对其余26046个结构的每一种的质子化和互变异构状态进行完全调查,得到所有片段结构的87270个原体变体(protomer variant)。随后,枚举出原体变体的所有立体异构体,这得到124590个片段变体。3D构象的产生允许每个片段变体有多至五个可选环构象,并产生217176个片段变体构象的最终文库,将其用各自的推定的结合位点对接到三维MIA受体构象中。
对所得对接姿势进行过滤和排序工作流程,对于每个MIA蛋白质构象确定了通过对接软件的经验评分功能排序的片段列表。选择每种MIA受体构象的十个最高排序片段用于实验测试。
在先前开发的非均相过渡金属基荧光偏振(HTFP)测定(Riechers,A.,等,Heterogeneous transition metal-based fluorescence polarization(HTFP)assay forprobing protein interactions.Biotechniques,2009.47(4):第837至844页)中,筛选所有列出的化合物干扰MIA-MIA相互作用的能力(表1)。该筛选表明对于化合物1、2、3、4、5和6,Ru-(bpy)3标记的MIA的荧光偏振显著降低;结果示于图3中。在HTFP测定中表现出干扰MIA-MIA相互作用的化合物的分子结构示于表1中。
实施例2
如图4中所示,在1μM浓度的化合物1、2、3、4、5和6的存在下,使用人Mel-Im黑素瘤细胞的博伊登室迁移测定(Stoll,R.,Lodermeyer,S.&Bosserhoff,A.K.Detailedanalysis of MIA protein by mutagenesis.Biol Chem 387,1601-1606,(2006))在黑素瘤细胞迁移方面证明了MIA活性的降低。
将由人转移性活检样本建立的黑素瘤细胞系Mel-Im(由德国University ofMunich的Johnson博士慷慨馈赠)用于博伊登室迁移实验。将所有细胞维持在补充有青霉素(400U/mL)、链霉素(50μg/mL)、L-谷氨酰胺(300μg/mL)和10%胎牛血清(Pan BiotechGmbH,Aidenbach,Germany)的DMEM(PAA,Pasching,Germany)中,并且每三天以1:6的比例分配。基本上如所述,在包含具有8-μm孔径的聚碳酸酯滤器(Neuro Probe,Gaithersburg,MD,USA)的博伊登室中进行迁移测定。将MIA以200ng/mL的终浓度添加到细胞悬液中。选择的化合物以1μM的最终浓度使用。实验一式三份地进行并且重复至少三次。
实施例3
为了评估本发明化合物是否对正常细胞具有任何不利影响,类似于先前的研究(Schmidt,J.,等,Targeting melanoma metastasis and immunosuppression with a newmode of melanoma inhibitory activity(MIA)protein inhibition.PLoS One,2012.7(5):第e37941页;Riechers,A.,等,Heterogeneous transition metal-basedfluorescence polarization(HTFP)assay for probing proteininteractions.Biotechniques,2009.47(4):第837至844页),分别用化合物1、2、3、4、5和6以7.8μM的浓度在体外处理人成纤维细胞和肾细胞。在所述化合物的存在下,对人成纤维细胞(图5A)和肾细胞(图5C)的增殖以及相同细胞类型的细胞粘附(图5B和5D)没有不利影响。
如图6所示,观察到在用化合物1处理之后,人黑素瘤细胞系Mel Im的增殖显著降低。用其他化合物2、3、4、5或6未能发现该现象。
Claims (11)
1.非疏水性化合物,其用于预防和/或治疗由黑素瘤抑制活性(MIA)蛋白的二聚化引起的转移或其中再生被MIA二聚化抑制的软骨缺陷,其中所述化合物选自表1的化合物1至300、其互变异构体、立体异构体和经化学修饰的化合物。
2.用于根据权利要求1所述用途的化合物,其中所述化合物是化合物1、2、3、4、5和/或6。
3.用于根据权利要求1或2所述用途的化合物,其中所述转移基于选自以下的原发肿瘤:表达MIA的肿瘤。
4.用于根据权利要求3所述用途的化合物,其中所述转移基于选自以下的原发肿瘤:黑素瘤、乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、胰腺癌和结肠癌。
5.用于根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述用途的化合物,其中所述转移位于肝、肺、骨、结肠、胃、神经、淋巴结、皮肤和/或脑中。
6.用于根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述用途的化合物,其中所述化合物经口施用。
7.用于根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述用途的化合物,其与化学治疗剂组合。
8.用于根据权利要求7所述用途的化合物,其中所述化学治疗剂选自:维罗非尼、易普利姆玛、曲美替尼、达拉非尼、达卡巴嗪、紫杉醇、卡铂、α干扰素和阿地白介素。
9.用于根据权利要求7或8所述用途的化合物,其中所述化合物和所述化学治疗剂同时或连续地施用。
10.药物组合物,其用于预防和/或治疗由黑素瘤抑制活性(MIA)蛋白的二聚化引起的转移和/或其中再生被MIA二聚化抑制的软骨缺陷,其中所述药物组合物包含选自表1的化合物1至300、其互变异构体和立体异构体的至少一种化合物,以及可药用载体和/或溶剂。
11.用于根据权利要求10所述用途的药物组合物,其还包含化学治疗剂。
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EP15171966.3A EP3103450A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2015-06-12 | None-hydrophobic compounds for use in treating metastasis and/or cartilage defect |
EP15171966.3 | 2015-06-12 | ||
PCT/EP2016/061659 WO2016198256A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-05-24 | None-hydrophobic compounds for use in treating metastasis and/or cartilage defect |
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EP (2) | EP3103450A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN107847472A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2016277042A1 (zh) |
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CN116730852A (zh) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-09-12 | 贵州大学 | 一类含取代苯基异丙醇胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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EP3103450A1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-14 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | None-hydrophobic compounds for use in treating metastasis and/or cartilage defect |
JP7300394B2 (ja) | 2017-01-17 | 2023-06-29 | ヘパリジェニックス ゲーエムベーハー | 肝再生の促進又は肝細胞死の低減もしくは予防のためのプロテインキナーゼ阻害 |
WO2020046753A1 (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | Oregon Health & Science University | Parp inhibitors for treating cancer and asthma |
KR102188791B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-12-09 | 서울대학교 산학협력단 | 피부 미백용 조성물 및 이의 용도 |
KR20220055802A (ko) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-04 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 단백질 발현 억제제를 포함하는 항산화, 항염 및 치매 예방 또는 개선용 조성물 및 이의 용도 |
US20240299393A1 (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2024-09-12 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Small molecule disruptors of protein interactions in histone deacetylase complexes |
EP4380554A4 (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2025-05-21 | The Regents of the University of Colorado, A Body Corporate | Bacterial efflux pump inhibition agents and methods of use |
GB202300833D0 (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-03-08 | Nrg Therapeutics Ltd | Novel compounds |
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EP3103450A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
AU2016277042A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
US10828281B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
WO2016198256A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
EP3307257B1 (en) | 2024-06-26 |
EP3307257C0 (en) | 2024-06-26 |
CA2988455A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
US20180280356A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
EP3307257A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
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