CN107831009A - Coal mine roadway side portion's anchor pole or anchorage cable anchoring analogue experiment installation and its experimental method - Google Patents

Abstract

Coal mine roadway side bolt or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device, including a test bench, a pressurizing mechanism and a simulation test box. The test bench includes a rectangular frame, an experimental panel and four supporting steel plates. The supporting steel plate encloses a cuboid structure, and the bottom of both sides of each supporting steel plate is provided with anchor holes; the present invention is an experimental device capable of simulating the anchor rod or anchor cable support at the side of the roadway in a three-dimensional state. In the three-dimensional simulation experiment After the configured similar materials are installed on the platform, a bolter can be used in front of the experimental platform to drive anchor rods or bolts into the simulated experiment box through the control anchor rods on the anchor hole spacing control baffle or the restriction holes of the anchor cable row spacing. Anchor cable, under laboratory conditions, simulates the anchoring process of bolt or cable support with different hole diameters and row spacing in the side of coal mine roadway, which has a driving effect on the research of roadway bolt or cable support.

Description

Anchorage Simulation Experimental Device and Experimental Method for Anchor Bolt or Anchor Cable in Coal Mine Roadway Side

technical field

The invention relates to a coal mine roadway side bolt or anchor cable anchorage simulation experiment device and an experiment method thereof.

Background technique

The simulation experiment method of similar materials has always been the main experimental method in the experimental research of mining engineering. Its essence is to use materials with similar mechanical properties to the model on the test bench to shrink the experimental model according to a certain ratio of geometric similarity. The model can be excavated into various projects, such as coal mine roadways, chambers, and longwall stopes. Through the simulation and experimental observation of the engineering process, the mechanical phenomena such as deformation, movement, and destruction of the surrounding rock mass of the project can be studied, and Analyze the forces acting on the supporting structure. The traditional similar material simulation experiment method of roadway bolt (cable) support effect generally uses a plane simulation experiment device, which can only study a section of the prototype, but for the research object with changes in three-dimensional stress, the plane simulation experiment platform There is irrationality. The plane test bench cannot simulate the process of bolting (cables) in the roadway to obtain the force of the anchor (cables) and the quality inspection of the support: its clamping structure is also unreasonable. After long-term tests , the channel steel will cause different degrees of bending, and the surface of the model will be uneven after installation, which will affect the similarity of the model; the lifting of the model frame is inconvenient, and the lifting process is not easy to control, and often after forming, vibration is generated due to improper speed control, which damages the internal structure of the model. The experimental structure is not accurate enough, which will affect the safety prevention of coal mine roadway support and cause safety accidents. Therefore, by applying similarity theory, structural mechanics, material mechanics and other subject knowledge, a three-dimensional roadway bolt (cable) support similar material simulation experiment platform with simple and reasonable structure and realizing drilling and drilling bolt (cable) technology is developed. It is imperative.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a coal mine roadway side bolt or anchor cable anchorage simulation experiment device and its experimental method.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the coal mine roadway side bolt or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device includes a test bench, a pressurizing mechanism and a simulation test box, and the test bench includes a rectangular frame, an experimental panel and four Supporting steel plates, the four supporting steel plates are vertically arranged, and the four supporting steel plates enclose a cuboid structure, and the bottom of each supporting plate is provided with anchor holes, and the rectangular frame is fixed on the upper edge of the four supporting steel plates, and the rectangular frame is Set horizontally, the experimental panel is fixed on the rectangular frame and the size of the experimental panel is the same as the inner frame size of the rectangular frame;

The simulation experiment box is fixed on the upper surface of the experiment panel, and the pressurizing mechanism is fixed on the upper surface of the experiment panel through the pressure bracket and is located above the simulation experiment box;

The simulated experiment box includes a rear baffle, two side steel plates on the left and right sides and several front baffles on the front side. The rear baffle and the two side steel plates are vertically fixed on the experimental panel, and several front baffles Arranged side by side, the left and right ends of each front baffle are respectively connected to the front sides of the two side steel plates by first bolts; each front baffle is provided with two rows of anchor holes, and the two adjacent left and right anchor holes The distance between the holes is 200mm, the diameter of the anchor holes in the first row is 32mm±0.5mm, and the diameter of the anchor holes in the second row is 50mm±0.5mm.

Two adjacent supporting steel plates are fixedly connected by angle steels, and the angle steels are fixed on the sides of the two adjacent supporting steel plates by second bolts.

The four frames of the rectangular frame are respectively connected to the upper edges of the four supporting steel plates through angle steels, and the angle steels are fixed on the frames of the rectangular frame and the upper edges of the supporting steel plates through third bolts.

The experimental panel is fixed on the rectangular frame by welding.

The simulated experiment box is located in the pressurized support. The pressurized support includes several top plates and several groups of gantry frames. Several groups of gantry frames are arranged side by side. The shape of the gantry frame is a gate-shaped structure. The left column and the right column are vertically arranged, the lower end of the left column is fixed on the experimental panel by the fourth bolt, the left column is in contact with the left side of the side steel plate, the lower end of the right column is fixed on the experimental panel by the fifth bolt, the right column is connected to The right side of the other side steel plate is in contact with each other, the horizontal frame is set horizontally, and the horizontal frame is fixed on the upper ends of the left column and the right column by the sixth bolt;

Several top plates are fixed on the horizontal frames of several groups of gantry frames through the seventh bolt; In the frame, the piston rod of each oil cylinder is arranged vertically downward and is fixed with a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is arranged in a horizontal direction.

Each front baffle is provided with two test support plates, the two test support plates are respectively located under the two rows of anchor holes, the shape of the test support plate is an angle steel type, and one side plate of the test support plate is vertically set and passed through the eighth bolt It is fixed on the front baffle, and the other side plate of the experimental pallet is set horizontally.

An experimental method for anchoring simulation by a bolt or cable anchoring simulation experiment device at the side of a coal mine roadway, including the following steps:

(1) Install the test bench: Excavate the foundation pit according to the foundation diagram, pour concrete into the foundation pit and tamp the concrete, then place the test bench on the upper surface of the concrete to ensure that the test panel of the test bench is level, Insert the anchor bolts in the anchor holes, and fix the four supporting steel plates on the concrete through the anchor bolts;

(2) After 15 days of concrete pouring, adjust the experimental panel of the experimental bench to a horizontal state and ensure that the supporting steel plate of the experimental bench is in close contact with the upper surface of the concrete, tighten the nuts on the anchor bolts, and then place the simulated experimental box and The pressurized bracket is installed on the experimental panel of the test bench, and then the pressurized mechanism is assembled on the top of the pressurized bracket;

(3) Install the hydraulic pump station. The hydraulic pump station is connected to all oil cylinders through high-pressure oil pipes, start the hydraulic pump station, the oil cylinder works, control the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the oil cylinder until all the pressure plates are at the same level, and stop the hydraulic pump station. ;

(4) After the installation and debugging are completed, materials with similar mechanical properties are placed in the simulation test box according to a certain proportion until the simulation test box is filled, and each part of the material placed should be compacted;

(5) Start the hydraulic pump station and control the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the oil cylinder, so that all the pressure plates connected to the oil cylinder group are pressed against the uppermost layer of the material in the simulation test box;

(6) Start the bolter, pass through the anchor hole of the front baffle to drive the bolt to the inside of the simulated experiment box, simulate the anchoring process of the bolt support with different apertures and row spacing at the side of the coal mine roadway, and detect the anchorage of the bolt Effect.

After the step (6) is completed, the bolt pullout test is carried out on the anchor rod with the anchor pullout meter installed on the experimental support plate.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: due to the complex characteristics of the coal mine field working conditions, the three-dimensional stress state analysis and anchorage quality inspection of the anchor rod (cable) have certain limitations and difficulties, so it is designed in the laboratory A simulation comprehensive experimental device is imperative; when making and installing the present invention, before the supporting steel plates of the test bench are connected to the ground, concrete must be poured into the foundation pit, and after compaction, the anchor bolts can be passed through the anchor holes to support the The steel plate is fixed together with the concrete fixture. The supporting steel plates are connected to each other with bolts through the angle steel to maintain the stability of the four corners, and then fixed together with the rectangular frame test panel by the bolts, which can increase the contact area and ensure the contact stability; due to the heavy weight of the simulation test box itself, through the oil cylinder The pressure on the test bench is also very high when pressurized, so a steel plate with a thickness of 20mm is used as the supporting steel plate and the surface area of the test panel is increased to reduce the pressure, so as to prevent the deformation of the test bench due to excessive force or uneven force Collapse accident; in order to ensure the stability of the simulated experimental box, two baffles on the four sides of the box are connected together with M24 bolts through angle steel, and the bottom of the box is fixed with the experimental panel with M24 bolts, and the simulated experimental box Surrounded by the left and right columns of the pressurized support, the deformation of the box is further restricted, and the simulation test box is prevented from falling apart and moving due to deformation; the top of the pressurized support is equipped with an oil cylinder group, which can supply the simulated materials in the simulated test box. Pressurization, the outside of the oil cylinder group is connected to the high-pressure oil pump through the connecting oil pipe, and the expansion and contraction of the oil cylinder and the size of the pressurization can be controlled by turning the handle. There are several front baffles on the front of the simulation experiment box which are easy to disassemble. There are two rows of anchor holes on each front baffle. After the model is completed, the anchor (cable) machine can be used to Drive bolts (cables) into the simulated experiment box, simulate the anchoring process of bolts (cables) with different hole diameters and row spacings in the side of coal mine roadway under laboratory conditions, and detect the information of bolt (cable) machine drilling And anchor (cable) anchoring effect, and can repeat the anchor (cable) anchoring force pull-out test.

The device structure of the present invention is simple and practical, novel and unique. It is a three-dimensional simulation comprehensive experimental device further developed on the basis of the existing plane simulation experimental device and some three-dimensional simulation experimental devices. The whole process of (cable) support is beneficial to the research on the construction process of on-site bolt (cable) support and the inspection of the quality of on-site bolt (cable) support. (cable) anchoring process, analyze the factors affecting the support of the rock bolt (cable) in the side, and prevent accidents at the work site due to the failure of the bolt (cable) in the side.

The present invention is an experimental device capable of simulating the anchor (cable) support of roadway sides in a three-dimensional state. After installing similar materials on the three-dimensional simulation experiment platform, the anchor (cable) The machine drives anchor rods (cables) to the inside of the simulated experimental box through the restriction holes on the anchor hole spacing control baffle to control the row spacing of the anchor rods (cables), and simulates the anchors with different hole diameters and different row spacings in the side of the coal mine roadway under laboratory conditions. The anchoring process of the rod (cable) support, detect the information of the bolt (cable) machine drilling and the effect of the anchor (cable) anchoring, and can repeat the pull-out test of the anchoring force of the bolt (cable). The roadway anchor (cable) construction and anchoring effect monitoring under the conditions provided by the platform, with the help of three-dimensional simulation simulation experiment device can provide greater help to the roadway anchor (cable) construction and effect detection, for the roadway anchor (cable) Supporting research has a driving effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the rear view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a left side view of Fig. 2 .

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1-3, the coal mine roadway side anchor rod or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device of the present invention includes an experiment bench, a pressurizing mechanism and a simulation experiment box, and the experiment bench includes a rectangular frame 1, an experiment panel 2 and four The supporting steel plate 3, the four supporting steel plates 3 are all arranged vertically, the four supporting steel plates 3 enclose a cuboid structure, and the bottom of each supporting plate 3 is provided with anchor holes, and the rectangular frame 1 is fixed on the four supporting steel plates 3 On the edge, the rectangular frame 1 is arranged horizontally, the experimental panel 2 is fixed on the rectangular frame 1 and the size of the experimental panel 2 is the same as the inner frame size of the rectangular frame 1;

The simulation experiment box is fixed on the upper surface of the experiment panel 2, and the pressurizing mechanism is fixed on the upper surface of the experiment panel 2 through the pressurization bracket and is located above the simulation experiment box;

The simulated experiment box comprises a rear baffle 14, two side steel plates 5 positioned on the left and right sides, and several front baffles 6 positioned on the front side. The rear baffle 14 and the two side steel plates 5 are all vertically fixed on the experimental panel 2, Several front baffles 6 are arranged side by side up and down, and the left and right ends of each front baffle 6 are respectively connected to the front sides of the two side steel plates 5 by first bolts 7; each front baffle 6 is provided with two rows of Anchor holes 8, wherein the distance between the left and right adjacent anchor holes 8 is 200mm, the diameter of the anchor holes 8 in the first row is 32mm±0.5mm, and the diameter of the anchor holes 8 in the second row is 50mm±0.5mm.

Two adjacent supporting steel plates 3 are fixedly connected by angle steel, and the angle steel is fixed on the sides of two adjacent supporting steel plates 3 by second bolts 9 .

The four frames of the rectangular frame 1 are respectively connected to the upper edges of the four supporting steel plates 3 by angle steels, and the angle steels are fixed on the frames of the rectangular frame 1 and the upper edges of the supporting steel plates 3 by the third bolts 10 .

The experimental panel 2 is fixed on the rectangular frame 1 by welding.

The simulated experiment box is located in the pressurized support. The pressurized support includes several top plates 14 and several groups of gantry frames. Several groups of gantry frames are arranged side by side. Horizontal frame 17, left column 15 and right column 16 are vertically arranged, and the lower end of left column 15 is fixed on the experiment panel 2 by the 4th bolt 18, and left column 15 contacts with the left side of side steel plate, and the lower end of right column 16 passes through the 4th bolt 18. Five bolts are fixed on the experimental panel 2, the right column 16 is in contact with the right side of another side steel plate 5, the horizontal frame 17 is set horizontally, and the horizontal frame 17 is fixed on the upper end of the left column 15 and the right column 16 by the sixth bolt 20;

Several top plates 14 are fixed on the horizontal frames 17 of several groups of gantry frames by seventh bolts 21; The surface is also pierced in the horizontal frame 17, and the piston rod of each oil cylinder is arranged vertically downward and is fixed with a pressing plate 12, and the pressing plate 12 is arranged in a horizontal direction.

Each front baffle 6 is provided with two experimental supporting plates 13, and the two experimental supporting plates 13 are located under the two rows of anchor holes 8 respectively. It is set and fixed on the front baffle plate 6 by the eighth bolt, and the other side plate of the experimental pallet 13 is set horizontally.

Coal mine roadway side anchor rod or anchor cable anchorage simulation experimental device and experimental method The experimental method for anchor rod (cable) anchorage simulation includes the following steps:

(1) Install the test bench: Excavate the foundation pit according to the foundation diagram, pour concrete into the foundation pit and tamp the concrete, then place the test bench on the upper surface of the concrete to ensure that the test panel 2 of the test bench is level , penetrate the anchor bolts in the anchor holes, and fix the four supporting steel plates 3 on the concrete through the anchor bolts;

(2) After 15 days of concrete pouring, adjust the experimental panel 2 of the experimental bench to a horizontal state and ensure that the supporting steel plate 3 of the experimental bench is in close contact with the upper surface of the concrete, tighten the nuts on the anchor bolts, and then place the simulated experimental box in sequence The body and the pressurized support are installed on the experimental panel 2 of the test bench, and then the pressurized mechanism is assembled on the top of the pressurized support;

(3) Install the hydraulic pump station. The hydraulic pump station is connected to all oil cylinders through high-pressure oil pipes, start the hydraulic pump station, the oil cylinder works, control the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the oil cylinder until all the pressure plates 12 are at the same level, and stop the hydraulic pump station Work;

(4) After the installation and debugging are completed, materials with similar mechanical properties are placed in the simulation test box according to a certain proportion until the simulation test box is filled, and each part of the material placed should be compacted;

(5) Start the hydraulic pump station, control the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the oil cylinder, so that all the pressure plates 12 connected to the oil cylinder group 11 are pressed against the uppermost layer of materials in the simulation test box;

(6) Start the bolt (cable) machine, pass through the anchor hole 8 of the front baffle 6 to drive the bolt (cable) inside the simulated experimental box, and simulate the bolt (cable) with different hole diameters and different row distances in the side of the coal mine roadway The anchoring process of the support is to detect the anchoring effect of the anchor rod (cable).

After the step (6) is completed, an anchor pullout test is carried out on the anchor rod (cable) by using the anchor rod pullout meter, wherein the anchor rod pullout meter is installed on the test supporting plate 13 .

This embodiment does not impose any formal restrictions on the shape, material, structure, etc. of the present invention. All simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention belong to the protection of the technical solution of the present invention. scope.

Claims (8)

1. Coal mine roadway side bolt or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device, characterized in that: it includes a test bench, a pressurization mechanism and a simulation test box, and the test bench includes a rectangular frame, an experimental panel and four supporting steel plates, and the four supporting steel plates They are all vertically arranged, and four supporting steel plates enclose a rectangular cuboid structure. Anchor holes are opened at the bottom of both sides of each supporting steel plate, and the rectangular frame is fixed on the upper edge of the four supporting steel plates. On the rectangular frame and the size of the experimental panel is the same as the inner frame size of the rectangular frame; The simulation experiment box is fixed on the upper surface of the experiment panel, and the pressurizing mechanism is fixed on the upper surface of the experiment panel through the pressure bracket and is located above the simulation experiment box; The simulated experiment box includes a rear baffle, two side steel plates on the left and right sides and several front baffles on the front side. The rear baffle and the two side steel plates are vertically fixed on the experimental panel, and several front baffles Arranged side by side, the left and right ends of each front baffle are respectively connected to the front sides of the two side steel plates by first bolts; each front baffle is provided with two rows of anchor holes, and the two adjacent left and right anchor holes The distance between the holes is 200mm, the diameter of the anchor holes in the first row is 32mm±0.5mm, and the diameter of the anchor holes in the second row is 50mm±0.5mm. 2. The bolt or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device for the side of coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: two adjacent supporting steel plates are fixedly connected by angle steel, and the angle steel is fixed on two adjacent pieces by second bolts. Support the sides of the steel plate. 3. The coal mine roadway side anchor rod or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the four frames of the rectangular frame are respectively connected to the upper edges of the four supporting steel plates by angle steel, and the angle steel passes through the first Three bolts are fixed on the frame of the rectangular frame and the upper edge of the supporting steel plate. 4. The bolt or cable anchoring simulation experiment device for coal mine roadway sides according to claim 3, characterized in that: the experimental panel is fixed on the rectangular frame by welding. 5. The coal mine roadway side bolt or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the simulation test box is located in the pressurized support, and the pressurized support includes several top plates and several groups of gantry frames, several The group of gantry frames are arranged side by side. The shape of the gantry frame is a door-shaped structure. The gantry frame includes a left column, a right column and a horizontal frame. The left column and the right column are vertically arranged. The upright column is in contact with the left side of the side steel plate, the lower end of the right upright column is fixed on the experimental panel by the fifth bolt, the right upright column is in contact with the right side of another side steel plate, the horizontal frame is set horizontally, and the horizontal frame is fixed on the experimental panel by the sixth bolt. The upper ends of the left and right uprights; Several top plates are fixed on the horizontal frames of several groups of gantry frames through the seventh bolt; In the frame, the piston rod of each oil cylinder is arranged vertically downward and is fixed with a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is arranged in a horizontal direction. 6. The bolt or anchor cable anchoring simulation experiment device for coal mine roadway sides according to claim 5, characterized in that: each front baffle is provided with two experimental supporting plates, and the two experimental supporting plates are respectively located in two rows Below the anchor hole, the shape of the experimental supporting plate is an angle steel type. One side plate of the experimental supporting plate is vertically set and fixed on the front baffle by the eighth bolt, and the other side plate of the experimental supporting plate is set horizontally. 7. Utilize the coal mine roadway side anchor rod or anchor cable anchorage simulation experimental device of claim 6 to carry out the experimental method of anchorage simulation, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: (1) Install the test bench: Excavate the foundation pit according to the foundation diagram, pour concrete into the foundation pit and tamp the concrete, then place the test bench on the upper surface of the concrete to ensure that the test panel of the test bench is level, Insert the anchor bolts in the anchor holes, and fix the four supporting steel plates on the concrete through the anchor bolts; (2) After 15 days of concrete pouring, adjust the experimental panel of the experimental bench to a horizontal state and ensure that the supporting steel plate of the experimental bench is in close contact with the upper surface of the concrete, tighten the nuts on the anchor bolts, and then place the simulated experimental box and The pressurized bracket is installed on the experimental panel of the test bench, and then the pressurized mechanism is assembled on the top of the pressurized bracket; (3) Install the hydraulic pump station. The hydraulic pump station is connected to all oil cylinders through high-pressure oil pipes, start the hydraulic pump station, the oil cylinder works, control the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the oil cylinder until all the pressure plates are at the same level, and stop the hydraulic pump station. ; (4) After the installation and debugging are completed, materials with similar mechanical properties are placed in the simulation test box according to a certain proportion until the simulation test box is filled, and each part of the material placed should be compacted; (5) Start the hydraulic pump station and control the expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the oil cylinder, so that all the pressure plates connected to the oil cylinder group are pressed against the uppermost layer of the material in the simulation test box; (6) Start the bolter, pass through the anchor hole of the front baffle to drive the bolt to the inside of the simulated experiment box, simulate the anchoring process of the bolt support with different apertures and row spacing at the side of the coal mine roadway, and detect the anchorage of the bolt Effect. 8. The experimental method for anchoring simulation of the anchor rod or anchor cable anchoring simulation experimental device of the coal mine roadway side according to claim 7, characterized in that: after the step (6) is completed, the anchor rod puller is used to check the anchor rod. An anchor pullout test is carried out, in which the anchor pullout gauge is installed on the test support.