CN106501014A - Vertical load testing machine for domain tunnel structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于整环隧道结构的竖直加载试验装置，包括由立柱和横梁组成的反力架，反力架底座上设有弹簧支座组，弹簧支座组上放置整环隧道结构，横梁下部设有千斤顶，千斤顶上端固定在横梁，下端顶在整环隧道结构上的加载点，整环隧道结构左右两侧设有横向加载组件，试验时，千斤顶和弹簧支座组共同作用施加竖直力进行竖直加载，横向加载组件施加侧向力进行水平加载。与现有技术相比，本发明对整环隧道结构采用竖直加载方式进行试验测试，充分考虑到结构的重力效应，同时将整环隧道结构放置在弹簧支座组上，可模拟出弹性地基的边界条件，使试验结果真实地反映实际土层中隧道结构的受力状态。
The invention relates to a vertical loading test device for a whole-ring tunnel structure, which includes a reaction force frame composed of columns and beams. The base of the reaction force frame is provided with a spring support group, and the whole-ring tunnel is placed on the spring support group. structure, the lower part of the beam is equipped with a jack, the upper end of the jack is fixed on the beam, and the lower end is pressed against the loading point on the whole ring tunnel structure, and the left and right sides of the whole ring tunnel structure are equipped with lateral loading components. During the test, the jack and the spring support group work together Apply vertical force for vertical loading, and lateral loading assembly for horizontal loading by applying lateral force. Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the vertical loading method to test the whole-ring tunnel structure, fully considers the gravity effect of the structure, and at the same time places the whole-ring tunnel structure on the spring support group, which can simulate the elastic foundation boundary conditions, so that the test results truly reflect the stress state of the tunnel structure in the actual soil layer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种试验装置，尤其是涉及一种用于整环隧道结构的竖直加载试验装置。The invention relates to a test device, in particular to a vertical loading test device for a full-ring tunnel structure.
背景技术Background technique
在隧道的施工与建设中，经常遇到软粘土地基、膨胀土地基、湿陷性黄土地基等特殊岩土地基，需要开展地基承载变形特性研究，需要对隧道中的结构设备进行力学性能检测以保证隧道施工的安全。传统的隧道结构试验均采用水平加载方式，通过对称张拉自平衡体系来加载，以检测隧道结构的力学性能，但该无法考虑结构的重力效应，也没有考虑土层压缩变形的影响，存在显著的边界条件失真情况，不能真实反映隧道结构的受力情况。In the construction and construction of tunnels, special rock and soil foundations such as soft clay foundations, expansive soil foundations, and collapsible loess foundations are often encountered. It is necessary to carry out research on the bearing deformation characteristics of the foundation, and it is necessary to perform mechanical performance tests on the structural equipment in the tunnel. Ensure the safety of tunnel construction. The traditional tunnel structure test adopts the horizontal loading method, and loads through the symmetrical tension self-balancing system to test the mechanical properties of the tunnel structure. However, this method cannot consider the gravity effect of the structure, nor does it consider the impact of soil compression deformation. The distortion of the boundary conditions cannot truly reflect the stress of the tunnel structure.
中国专利CN 102493500 B公开了一种可双向加载的地基基础模型试验装置，该装置承力框架为一矩形刚架，模型槽为一箱型板焊接而成的上敞口的长方形钢结构模型槽，承力框架套在模型槽外围，水平作动器反力柱竖直立于模型槽的左端部，水平作动器左端与水平作动器反力柱连接，右端与桩顶部连接，竖向作动器上端与承力框架的上部横梁连接，下端通过竖向传力杆与桩顶部连接。该装置实现多个物理量的自动、实时监测，可用于开展斜坡地基、复合地基、桩基等模型试验，但该专利公开的试验装置对象为地基基础，不适用于地下结构。Chinese patent CN 102493500 B discloses a foundation model test device capable of bidirectional loading. The load-bearing frame of the device is a rectangular rigid frame, and the model groove is an open rectangular steel structure model groove welded by a box plate. , the load-bearing frame is set on the periphery of the model groove, the horizontal actuator reaction column stands vertically on the left end of the model groove, the left end of the horizontal actuator is connected with the horizontal actuator reaction column, and the right end is connected with the top of the pile. The upper end of the actuator is connected with the upper beam of the load-bearing frame, and the lower end is connected with the top of the pile through a vertical dowel rod. The device realizes automatic and real-time monitoring of multiple physical quantities, and can be used to carry out model tests on slope foundations, composite foundations, pile foundations, etc. However, the object of the test device disclosed in this patent is foundation foundations and is not suitable for underground structures.
中国专利CN 203465148 U公开了一种隧道衬砌整环结构试验加载装置，包括中心反力装置、沿中心反力装置径向均匀分布并与中心反力装置相连的多组加载点，每组加载点径向从外到内依次包括荷载分配梁、液压装置、持荷梁以及至少一根拉杆，荷载分配梁与持荷梁对应拉杆分别设有安装孔，拉杆穿过荷载分配梁与持荷梁后固定于中心反力装置上，衬砌整环试件径向布置在持荷梁6内侧，液压装置安装于荷载分配梁与持荷梁之间以提供荷载，但该专利加载装置仍主要为水平加载，即试验中的隧道衬砌是水平放置的，而实际中隧道衬砌为竖向的。采用水平加载，从荷载结构法方面出发，其能够模拟出结构的外荷载，但其为对称布置，即结构上下、左右的荷载及分布均是对称相同的，而实际中隧道衬砌结构的上下荷载及其分布是非对称的，这种装置不能够解决上述问题；另外，从更能反映结构实际受力的地层结构法出发，现有加载装置也不能胜任。Chinese patent CN 203465148 U discloses a test loading device for the whole ring structure of tunnel lining, including a central reaction force device, multiple sets of loading points uniformly distributed radially along the central reaction force device and connected to the center reaction force device, each set of loading points Radially from outside to inside, it includes load distribution beam, hydraulic device, load-bearing beam and at least one tie rod. The load distribution beam and the corresponding tie rods of the load-holding beam are respectively provided with installation holes, and the tie rod passes through the load distribution beam and the load-bearing beam. Fixed on the central reaction device, the lining ring test piece is arranged radially inside the load-bearing beam 6, and the hydraulic device is installed between the load distribution beam and the load-bearing beam to provide load, but the patented loading device is still mainly for horizontal loading , that is, the tunnel lining in the test is placed horizontally, while the actual tunnel lining is vertical. Using horizontal loading, starting from the load structure method, it can simulate the external load of the structure, but it is symmetrically arranged, that is, the load and distribution of the upper and lower sides of the structure are symmetrical and the same, but the actual upper and lower loads of the tunnel lining structure And its distribution is asymmetrical, this device can not solve the above problems; in addition, from the ground structure method that can better reflect the actual force of the structure, the existing loading device is not competent.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题而提供一种用于整环隧道结构的竖直加载试验装置，本装置考虑了结构的重力效应以及土层压缩变形的影响，使试验更加真实的接近实际情况。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical loading test device for the whole ring tunnel structure in order to solve the above problems. This device considers the gravity effect of the structure and the impact of soil compression deformation, so that the test is more realistic and close to the actual situation. .
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种用于整环隧道结构的竖直加载试验装置，包括由立柱和横梁组成的反力架，所述的反力架底座上设有弹簧支座组，所述的弹簧支座组上放置待测的整环隧道结构，所述的横梁下部设有千斤顶，所述的千斤顶上端固定在横梁上，下端顶在整环隧道结构上的加载点，整环隧道结构左右两侧设有横向加载组件，试验时，千斤顶和弹簧支座组共同作用施加竖直力进行竖直加载，横向加载组件施加侧向力进行水平加载。A vertical loading test device for a whole-ring tunnel structure, including a reaction force frame composed of columns and beams, the base of the reaction force frame is provided with a spring support group, and the spring support group is placed on the For the whole-ring tunnel structure to be tested, the lower part of the beam is provided with a jack, the upper end of the jack is fixed on the beam, and the lower end is pressed against the loading point on the whole-ring tunnel structure, and the left and right sides of the whole-ring tunnel structure are provided with lateral loading During the test, the jack and the spring support group act together to apply vertical force for vertical loading, and the lateral loading component applies lateral force for horizontal loading.
所述的弹簧支座组由多排弹簧支座贴合布置而成。The spring support group is formed by arranging multiple rows of spring supports.
所述的弹簧支座组通过设置不同刚度的弹簧模拟不同的土层类型。The spring support group simulates different types of soil layers by setting springs with different rigidities.
该装置还设有防止整环隧道结构倾覆的侧向限位结构，所述的侧向限位结构一端设在反力架的立柱上，另一端与整环隧道结构连接。The device is also provided with a lateral limiting structure for preventing the whole-ring tunnel structure from overturning. One end of the lateral limiting structure is arranged on the column of the reaction force frame, and the other end is connected with the whole-ring tunnel structure.
所述的横向加载组件由多组对称的张拉自平衡体系加载装置构成，沿整环隧道结构高度方向均匀分布。The lateral loading assembly is composed of multiple sets of symmetrical tension self-balancing system loading devices, which are evenly distributed along the height direction of the entire ring tunnel structure.
所述的张拉自平衡体系加载装置包括左右加载横梁、千斤顶、千斤顶固定横梁、预应力钢绞线和锚具，左右加载横梁之间通过预应力钢绞线相连，预应力钢绞线穿过右侧加载横梁通过锚具锁在千斤顶固定横梁上，千斤顶设在右侧加载横梁与千斤顶固定横梁之间，随着千斤顶对右侧横梁施加荷载，左右横梁间的钢绞线不断缩短，使左右横梁对结构产生对称的力。The tension self-balancing system loading device includes left and right loading beams, jacks, jack fixed beams, prestressed steel strands and anchors, the left and right loading beams are connected by prestressed steel strands, and the prestressed steel strands pass through The loading beam on the right side is locked on the jack fixed beam through the anchorage. Beams exert symmetrical forces on the structure.
所述的反力架的横梁安装在立柱上，横梁可进行上下调节。The beam of the reaction force frame is installed on the column, and the beam can be adjusted up and down.
所述的千斤顶为液压千斤顶，千斤顶的压力控制端设在加载油站处，加载油站的出油管设有压力传感器，压力传感器连接计算机，可实时测量出千斤顶的压力及其变化，即为结构受到的荷载及其变化The jack is a hydraulic jack, the pressure control end of the jack is set at the oil loading station, the oil outlet pipe of the oil loading station is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is connected to a computer to measure the pressure of the jack and its change in real time, which is the structure The load and its change
所述的弹簧支座组配有电子位移计，电子位移计连接计算机，在试验中可实时测出弹簧支座的变形量及其变化，反映出结构的竖向位移分布。The spring support group is equipped with an electronic displacement meter, which is connected to a computer. During the test, the deformation of the spring support and its change can be measured in real time, reflecting the vertical displacement distribution of the structure.
本装置在试验时，将待测整环隧道结构放置在弹簧支座组上，将多个千斤顶顶在整环隧道结构上的加载点，千斤顶和弹簧支座组共同作用施加竖直力进行竖直加载，液压千斤顶连接油管上的压力传感器，将测试压力实时传输至连接的计算机，弹簧支座组上的电子位移计将数据传输至计算机，用于力学性能检测计算分析；也可通过横向加载组件施加侧向力对整环隧道结构进行水平加载。During the test of this device, the whole-ring tunnel structure to be tested is placed on the spring support group, and a plurality of jacks are pushed on the loading point on the whole-ring tunnel structure. Direct loading, the hydraulic jack is connected to the pressure sensor on the oil pipe, and the test pressure is transmitted to the connected computer in real time, and the electronic displacement meter on the spring support group transmits the data to the computer for mechanical performance testing and calculation analysis; it can also be loaded laterally The components apply lateral forces to horizontally load the entire tunnel structure.
与现有技术相比，本发明对整环隧道结构采用竖直加载方式进行试验测试，充分考虑到结构的重力效应，同时将整环隧道结构放置在弹簧支座组上，不但能够模拟结构自重对其整个受力过程的影响，也可以模拟结构与周围土体的相互作用，以及周围土体变形对结构的二次效应，更能充分模拟衬砌结构在实际土体中的受力状态；本装置可模拟弹性地基的边界条件，通过调整支座弹簧刚度可模拟不同的土层类型，这样使试验结果更加真实地反映实际土层中隧道结构的受力状态，试验得到的数据也更加逼近测试结构在隧道中的真实受力情况，为相应工程设计提供具有重要参考价值的数据。Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the vertical loading method to test the whole-ring tunnel structure, fully considers the gravity effect of the structure, and at the same time places the whole-ring tunnel structure on the spring support group, which can not only simulate the self-weight of the structure The impact on the entire stress process can also simulate the interaction between the structure and the surrounding soil, and the secondary effect of the deformation of the surrounding soil on the structure, which can fully simulate the stress state of the lining structure in the actual soil; The device can simulate the boundary conditions of the elastic foundation, and different soil types can be simulated by adjusting the spring stiffness of the support, so that the test results can more truly reflect the stress state of the tunnel structure in the actual soil layer, and the data obtained from the test are also closer to the test results. The real stress situation of the structure in the tunnel provides data with important reference value for the corresponding engineering design.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的主视结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的左视结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the left view structural representation of the present invention;
图中，1-立柱，2-千斤顶，3-横梁，4-弹簧支座组，5-横向加载组件，6-侧向限位结构，7-整环隧道结构。In the figure, 1-column, 2-jack, 3-beam, 4-spring support group, 5-transverse loading assembly, 6-lateral limit structure, 7-whole ring tunnel structure.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
用于整环隧道结构的竖直加载试验装置，包括由立柱1和横梁3组成的反力架，反力架底座上设有弹簧支座组4，弹簧支座组4上放置整环隧道结构7，横梁3下部设有若干千斤顶2，千斤顶2上端固定在横梁3上，下端顶在整环隧道结构7上的加载点，整环隧道结构7左右两侧设有横向加载组件5。横向加载组件5左右对称，横向加载组件5由多组对称的张拉自平衡体系加载装置构成，沿整环隧道结构高度方向均匀分布，张拉自平衡体系加载装置包括左右加载横梁、千斤顶、千斤顶固定横梁、预应力钢绞线和锚具，左右加载横梁之间通过预应力钢绞线相连，预应力钢绞线穿过右侧加载横梁通过锚具锁在千斤顶固定横梁上，千斤顶设在右侧加载横梁与千斤顶固定横梁之间，随着千斤顶对右侧横梁施加荷载，左右横梁间的钢绞线不断缩短，使左右横梁对结构产生对称的力。The vertical loading test device for the whole-ring tunnel structure includes a reaction frame composed of columns 1 and beams 3. The base of the reaction frame is provided with a spring support group 4, and the whole-ring tunnel structure is placed on the spring support group 4. 7. A number of jacks 2 are provided on the lower part of the beam 3. The upper ends of the jacks 2 are fixed on the beam 3, and the lower ends of the jacks are placed on the loading points on the whole-ring tunnel structure 7. Lateral loading components 5 are arranged on the left and right sides of the whole-ring tunnel structure 7. The lateral loading assembly 5 is left-right symmetrical. The lateral loading assembly 5 is composed of multiple sets of symmetrical tension self-balancing system loading devices, which are evenly distributed along the height direction of the entire ring tunnel structure. The tensioning self-balancing system loading devices include left and right loading beams, jacks, and jacks. Fix the beam, prestressed steel strands and anchors, the left and right loading beams are connected by prestressed steel strands, the prestressed steel strands pass through the right loading beam and lock on the jack fixed beam through the anchor, and the jack is set on the right Between the side-loaded beam and the jack-fixed beam, as the jack applies load to the right beam, the steel strands between the left and right beams are continuously shortened, so that the left and right beams exert symmetrical forces on the structure.
弹簧支座组4由多排弹簧支座贴合布置而成，通过设置不同刚度的弹簧模拟不同的土层类型。本装置还设有防止整环隧道结构7倾覆的侧向限位结构6，侧向限位结构6一端设在反力架的立柱1上，另一端与整环隧道结构7连接，侧向限位结构6保证了试验过程的安全性。反力架的横梁3安装在立柱1上，横梁3可进行上下调节；千斤顶2为液压千斤顶，千斤顶2的压力控制端设在加载油站处，加载油站的出油管设有压力传感器，压力传感器连接计算机，可实时测量出千斤顶的压力及其变化，即为结构受到的荷载及其变化，弹簧支座组4配有电子位移计，电子位移计连接计算机，在试验中可实时测出弹簧支座的变形量及其变化，反映出结构的竖向位移分布。The spring support group 4 is composed of multiple rows of spring supports arranged in close fit, and different types of soil layers are simulated by setting springs with different stiffnesses. The device is also provided with a lateral limit structure 6 to prevent the whole ring tunnel structure 7 from overturning. Bit structure 6 ensures the safety of the test process. The beam 3 of the reaction frame is installed on the column 1, and the beam 3 can be adjusted up and down; the jack 2 is a hydraulic jack, and the pressure control end of the jack 2 is set at the loading oil station, and the oil outlet pipe of the loading oil station is equipped with a pressure sensor. The sensor is connected to the computer, which can measure the pressure of the jack and its change in real time, that is, the load and its change on the structure. The spring support group 4 is equipped with an electronic displacement meter, and the electronic displacement meter is connected to the computer. During the test, the spring can be measured in real time. The deformation of the support and its change reflect the vertical displacement distribution of the structure.
本装置在试验时，将待测整环隧道结构7放置在弹簧支座组4上，将多个千斤顶2顶在整环隧道结构上的加载点，千斤顶2和弹簧支座组4共同作用施加竖直力进行竖直加载，液压千斤顶连接油管上的压力传感器，将测试压力实时传输至连接的计算机，弹簧支座组4上的电子位移计将数据传输至计算机，用于力学性能检测计算分析；也可通过横向加载组件5施加侧向力对整环隧道结构7进行水平加载。During the test of this device, the whole-ring tunnel structure 7 to be tested is placed on the spring support group 4, and a plurality of jacks 2 are placed on the loading point on the whole-ring tunnel structure, and the jacks 2 and the spring support group 4 work together to apply The vertical force is used for vertical loading, the hydraulic jack is connected to the pressure sensor on the oil pipe, and the test pressure is transmitted to the connected computer in real time, and the electronic displacement gauge on the spring support group 4 transmits the data to the computer for mechanical performance detection, calculation and analysis ; It is also possible to apply lateral force through the lateral loading assembly 5 to carry out horizontal loading on the entire ring tunnel structure 7 .
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