CN107797946B - Vehicle-mounted storage device - Google Patents
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- CN107797946B CN107797946B CN201610803861.2A CN201610803861A CN107797946B CN 107797946 B CN107797946 B CN 107797946B CN 201610803861 A CN201610803861 A CN 201610803861A CN 107797946 B CN107797946 B CN 107797946B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted storage device, which comprises a main memory based on a solid state disk and a main control module for receiving external data and writing the external data into the main memory, wherein the main memory comprises: the cache unit is configured to receive and cache data to be stored from the main control module; a storage unit configured to store the data cached in the caching unit; and the auxiliary power supply unit comprises a capacitor and is configured to supply power to write the data which are not written into the storage unit in the cache unit into the storage unit when the main memory is powered down based on the discharge of the capacitor. The vehicle-mounted storage device can take effective data protection measures in a power-off state to avoid damage and data loss of a file system. Compared with the prior art, the safety and the reliability of the vehicle-mounted storage device are greatly enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rail transit, in particular to a vehicle-mounted storage device.
Background
With the increasing demand for intelligence and comfort of modern trains, more and more information (such as train status, fault diagnosis, passenger information, multimedia, video monitoring, etc.) needs to be recorded and stored, which not only requires the storage device to have a sufficiently large capacity, but also must have high reliability and safety.
In a mass storage device currently applied to a train, a NAND Flash array (e.g., a 2.5-inch Solid State Drive (SSD)) is generally used as a storage medium, and FAT32 is used as a file system. Compared with a mechanical hard disk, the solid state hard disk (NAND Flash array) has better shock resistance, so that the reliability and the safety of the solid state hard disk are greatly improved.
However, the train storage device is generally used in a harsh environment, and may be caused when a power supply is suddenly cut off. When power failure occurs, the written file can be damaged, and the file is found to be lost after the power is turned on again. If the file system is just updating the FAT table during power failure, the file system can be damaged, and the reliability and the safety of the vehicle-mounted recording function can be seriously influenced by the fault pairs.
Because the volume of train mass storage device is less, install the inside use of quick-witted case mostly, because quick-witted case inner space is not enough, can't adopt the battery power supply to carry out power fail safe to it at present. Therefore, a new in-vehicle storage device is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vehicle-mounted storage device, which comprises a main memory based on a solid state disk and a main control module for receiving external data and writing the external data into the main memory, wherein the main memory comprises:
the cache unit is configured to receive and cache data to be stored from the main control module;
a storage unit configured to store the data cached in the caching unit;
and the auxiliary power supply unit comprises a capacitor and is configured to supply power to write the data which are not written into the storage unit in the cache unit into the storage unit when the main memory is powered down based on the discharge of the capacitor.
In one embodiment, the main memory employs the EXT4 file system.
In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a second memory for non-volatile storage, the second memory storing data including fault diagnosis data and/or cache data before power down.
In one embodiment, the second memory is a ferroelectric memory.
In one embodiment, the second memory includes a temporary storage unit, wherein the second memory is configured to:
after the temporary storage units are filled with data, writing the data in the temporary storage units into the main memory in batches;
and when the data in the temporary storage unit is written into the main memory, if the device is powered off, the data of the current batch is written into the main memory, then the file is closed, and the data writing progress is recorded.
In an embodiment, the second memory is configured to:
temporarily storing the current writing position offset and the current reading position offset in the process of writing the data in the temporary storage units into the main memory in batches;
when the data in the temporary storage unit is written into the main memory, if the device is powered off, the data of the current batch is written into the main memory, then the file is closed, and the current reading position offset is updated;
when the power is on, checking whether the current writing position offset is consistent with the current reading position offset so as to judge whether data which is not written into the main memory exists;
and when all the data in the temporary storage unit are written into the main memory, clearing the current write position offset and the read position offset.
In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a power down delay module configured to provide power to the apparatus for sufficient time to perform power down protection operations when the apparatus is powered down.
In an embodiment, the power-down delay module includes a power-down power supply unit, and the power-down power supply unit includes a capacitor configured to supply power when the device is powered down based on discharge of the capacitor.
In one embodiment, the power down delay module further comprises:
a voltage stabilization unit configured to stabilize an output voltage during a discharge of a capacitor of the power down supply unit.
In one embodiment, the power down delay module further comprises:
and the undervoltage protection unit is configured to prevent the voltage at two ends of the capacitor from oscillating in the discharging process of the capacitor of the power-down power supply unit.
The vehicle-mounted storage device can take effective data protection measures in a power-off state to avoid damage and data loss of a file system. Compared with the prior art, the safety and the reliability of the vehicle-mounted storage device are greatly enhanced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows. Also, some of the features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and some of the advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the process particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIGS. 1-3 are schematic diagrams of apparatus according to various embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of some of the modules operating according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be provided for the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that the practitioner of the present invention can fully understand how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems, achieve the technical effects, and implement the present invention according to the implementation procedures. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
Train storage devices are often used in harsh environments, which can occur when a power outage occurs suddenly on a train. When power failure occurs, the written file can be damaged, and the file is found to be lost after the power is turned on again. If the file system is just updating the FAT table during power failure, the file system can be damaged, and the reliability and the safety of the vehicle-mounted recording function can be seriously influenced by the fault pairs.
The present invention therefore proposes a new design of an onboard storage device. The inventors of the present invention first analyzed the structure of a conventional in-vehicle storage device. In the conventional in-vehicle storage device, a NAND Flash array (SSD) is generally used as a storage medium.
In order to improve the read-write performance of the existing SSD, an SSD controller adds a cache in a mode of externally expanding an SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory), each time data are written into the SSD, the data are firstly written into the cache of the SSD, and then the data in the cache are written into an NAND Flash by the SSD controller. Therefore, without any protection measures for the power supply, if the SSD suddenly loses power (i.e., the external power supply surges or powers down in the event of a sudden accident), the data in the cache will be completely lost, and if light, the data will be lost, and if heavy, the system will crash.
In view of the above, in the in-vehicle storage device of the present invention, the main memory is still configured based on the NAND Flash array and the cache memory (SSD). Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes a main control module 110 and a main memory 100. Specifically, in one embodiment, the main control module 110 is an i.mx6 processor available from Freescale corporation. The storage medium of the main memory 100 is an SSD hard disk, and is connected to the main control module 110 through a SATA2.0 interface.
The main memory 100 includes a cache unit 120 and a storage unit 130. Specifically, the cache unit 120 uses a DRAM, and the storage unit 130 uses a NAND Flash array. The main control module 110 writes external data to be stored into the cache unit 120 of the main memory 100; the cache unit 120 caches the data; the storage unit 130 stores the data buffered in the buffer unit 120.
Under such a structure, whether the data writing process of the main control module 110 to the cache unit 120 is interrupted or not does not directly affect the integrity of the data stored in the storage unit 130. Affecting the integrity of the data stored in the memory unit 130 is the process of writing data to the memory unit 130 by the cache unit 120. That is, in the event of a burst power failure, the integrity of the data stored in the storage unit 130 can be guaranteed as long as the data in the buffer unit 120 can be written into the storage unit 130.
The main memory 100 includes a main power supply unit 140, and the main power supply unit 140 is connected to an external power supply. In a normal operation state, the main power supply unit 140 supplies power to other portions of the main memory 100 based on an external power input. Further, an auxiliary power supply unit 140 is configured to supply power to write data, which is not written in the storage unit 130, in the cache unit 120 into the storage unit 130 when the main memory 100 is powered down (when the main power supply unit 140 cannot supply power to the main memory 100). Therefore, the data cached by the cache unit 120 has enough time to be written into the NAND FLASH array during the power failure, and the hard disk damage and the file loss are effectively prevented.
Further, since the amount of data buffered in the buffer unit 120 is not high (the time consumption of the write operation is short), and the power consumption of the action of the buffer unit 120 writing into the memory unit 130 is not large. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary power supply unit 140 is configured based on a capacitor (capacitor array), and the auxiliary power supply unit 140 performs power supply based on discharge of the capacitor (in a normal operation state, the auxiliary power supply unit 140 is charged based on the main power supply unit 140). Therefore, the problem of space consumption caused by adopting a storage battery for power supply is avoided, and the volume of the storage device is effectively controlled.
The auxiliary power supply unit configured in the main memory mainly supplies power to the main memory when power is lost. In order to further improve the security of the storage device and avoid data loss and file damage during power failure, in an embodiment of the present invention, a module for supplying power during power failure is configured for the entire storage device.
Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus further includes a power down delay module 200. The power down delay module 200 is configured to provide power to the device for sufficient time to perform power down protection operations when the device is powered down. Further, the power down delay module 200 includes a power down power supply unit 201. The power down supply unit 201 includes a capacitor configured to supply power when the device is powered down based on discharge of the capacitor. Further, the power down delay module 200 further includes: a voltage stabilizing unit 202 configured to stabilize an output voltage during a discharging process of a capacitor of the power down supply unit; and the undervoltage protection unit 203 is configured to prevent the voltage across the capacitor from oscillating during the discharging process of the capacitor of the power-down power supply unit.
Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the power-down power supply unit 201 is constructed based on a super capacitor (super capacitor). The super capacitor has the advantages of large power density of a conventional capacitor and high specific energy of a rechargeable battery, can be charged and discharged efficiently and rapidly, and is superior to the battery in the aspects of large-current charging and discharging, charging and discharging times, service life and the like.
Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the external power supply (VIN _5V) is normally outputted to the switching power supply 210 via the anti-reverse circuit 230 for supplying power. When the input power VIN _5V of the storage device falls or is powered off, the power supply is automatically switched to the power-off delay module 200 for power supply. Meanwhile, the power monitor 220 sends a power down signal to the main control module 110 to remind the main control module 110 to perform power down protection operation.
The power-down delay module 200 uses a power-down power supply unit 201 (super capacitor) as an energy storage element, and under a normal condition, the storage device is powered by an external power supply and simultaneously charges the super capacitor. When the external power supply is powered off, all power supply requirements of the storage device are completed by the super capacitor. In this embodiment, the super capacitor part is composed of a super capacitor charging circuit and two capacitors with withstand voltage of 2.7V and capacitance of 10F. Since the voltage of the super capacitor will decrease continuously with the release of energy, the BOOST power supply chip is used to regulate the voltage of the super capacitor at the back end (voltage regulation unit 202). When the voltage of the two ends of the super capacitor changes between 4.5V and 2.7V, 5V can be output all the time. Meanwhile, an under-voltage protection unit 203 is designed to prevent the voltage at the two ends of the super capacitor from oscillating. The embodiment shown in fig. 2 may implement a delay of 5-10S to provide the processor with sufficient time to perform power down protection operations.
Further, in order to more effectively avoid file damage caused by power failure, in an embodiment of the present invention, the main memory employs an EXT4 file system. The EXT4 is a log-type file system, has the advantages of power failure safety, recoverability and the like, and is suitable for storage media such as SSD hard disks. In addition, the EXT4 file system has high data throughput, is suitable for frequent writing of large files, is favorable for wear leveling of the SSD, and prolongs the service life. The storage device is powered by 5V input by a power supply of the case, when the power supply is powered off unexpectedly, an interrupt signal can be generated, and after the main control module receives the interrupt signal, the current file being written in is closed quickly, so that the file being written in is not damaged, and the integrity of a file system is also ensured.
Further, in order to improve the reliability of the storage device, in an embodiment of the present invention, a second memory for performing nonvolatile storage is further configured in the storage device. As shown in fig. 3, the second memory 300 is connected to the main control module 110 and is used for storing the fault diagnosis data and/or the cache data before power failure, so as to facilitate the subsequent viewing and analysis. In other embodiments of the present invention, the second memory 300 can be used for storing other data according to actual requirements.
Further, in an embodiment, the second memory 300 is a Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM). Specifically, in one embodiment, the second memory 300 is a chip FM22L16 with FRAM of 512 KB. The chip FM22L16 and the main control module 110 are connected by an EIM bus, and adopt a 16-bit access mode.
Further, in order to further improve the reliability of data transmission, the data (part or all) stored in the second memory is transferred to the main memory for long-term storage. In an embodiment of the present invention, a certain space is allocated in the ferroelectric memory (second memory) for temporarily storing data, i.e., the second memory includes temporary storage units. Correspondingly, the second memory is configured to:
writing the data in the temporary storage units into a main memory in batches after the temporary storage units are filled with data;
when the data in the temporary storage unit is written into the main memory, if the device is powered off, the current batch of data is written into the main memory, then the file is closed, the data writing progress is recorded, and the data which is not written is continuously written into the main memory when the device is powered on.
Further, temporarily storing the current writing position offset and the current reading position offset in the process of writing the data in the temporary storage units into the main memory in batches; when the data in the temporary storage unit is written into the main memory, if the device is powered off, the current batch of data is written into the main memory, then the current recorded file is closed, and the current read position offset is updated; when the power is on, checking whether the current writing position offset is consistent with the current reading position offset so as to judge whether data which is not written into the main memory exists; and when the data in the temporary storage unit is completely written into the main memory, clearing the current write position offset and the read position offset.
Further, the second memory judges whether power failure exists according to the values of the current writing position offset and the current reading position offset.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the register unit is set to 64K. When the size of the temporary storage data in the ferroelectric memory is larger than 64K bytes, the data in the temporary storage unit is written into a file system (main memory) in a mode of writing 1024 bytes at a time.
If a power-off signal is received in the process of writing data into the file system, closing the file immediately after 1024 bytes are written, and updating the current read position offset. If the power-off signal is not received, the data in the temporary storage unit are all written into the file system in a circulating mode. And after all the data are stored in the file system, clearing the event record data in the ferroelectric memory, and clearing the current reading position and the current writing position. And at the next power-on moment, determining whether new data in the temporary storage unit is not written into the file system by detecting whether the value of the current reading position is equal to the value of the current writing position, and if so, writing the remaining data into the file system.
Furthermore, when data is moved to the file system, mutual exclusion is carried out on the data by adopting mutual exclusion semaphores, and only one task is ensured to operate the file system at the same time.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the data processing flow of the ferroelectric memory is shown in fig. 3. The steps illustrated in the flow chart of fig. 3 may be performed in a computer system containing, for example, a set of computer executable instructions. Although a logical order of steps is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
When the ferroelectric memory is powered on, the current read position offset and the current write position offset are firstly read (step S401), whether unsaved (unwritten file system) data exists or not is judged according to the values of the current read position offset and the current write position offset (whether unexpected power failure happens or not in last closing) (step S402), and if the unsaved data exists, the unsaved data is written into the file system (step S410).
If there is no unsaved data, normal write data (write temporary data) is written to the ferroelectric memory (step S403). Judging whether the temporary storage data reaches 64K (whether the temporary storage unit is fully written) in the process of writing data (step S404); if 64K is not reached, the write continues.
If the temporary data reaches 64K, writing 1K temporary data into the file system (step S410); judging whether the writing of the 1K data is completed (judging whether step S410 is still being executed) (step S411); if the 1K data is not written, judging whether a power-down signal (whether the device is powered down) exists or not (step S420); if there is no power down signal, the process continues to step S410.
In step S411, if the 1K data completes writing, the current read position offset and the current write position offset are updated (step S412); and then judges whether the writing of the 1K data is completed 64 times (whether the writing of the 64K temporary data is completed) (step S430); if the number of times is 64, clearing the data (step S431), clearing the temporary storage data, and clearing the current read position offset and the current write position offset; if not, step S410 is executed in a loop again until the number of times is 64 or the power is lost.
In step S420, if there is a power down signal, the current 1K temporary data is written (step S421); the currently recorded file is then closed (step S422) and the current read position offset is updated.
In summary, the present invention provides an on-board mass storage device, which uses an SSD hard disk as a storage medium and can realize a function of rapidly storing data. The SSD has a capacitor array to realize a power-down delay function, so that the reliability and the safety of data are ensured. The traditional case power failure delay scheme needs to add a storage battery in the case, so that the cost and the space are increased, the single-board power failure delay circuit provided by the patent is small in size and low in cost, meanwhile, a file system can be prevented from being damaged after power failure, and data before power failure is well protected to prevent data loss.
The vehicle-mounted storage device can take effective data protection measures in a power-off state to avoid damage and data loss of a file system. Compared with the prior art, the safety and the reliability of the vehicle-mounted storage device are greatly enhanced.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. There are various other embodiments of the method of the present invention. Various corresponding changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these corresponding changes or modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The vehicle-mounted storage device is characterized by comprising a main memory based on a solid state disk and a main control module for receiving external data and writing the external data into the main memory, wherein the main memory comprises:
the cache unit is configured to receive and cache data to be stored from the main control module;
a storage unit configured to store the data cached in the caching unit;
the auxiliary power supply unit comprises a capacitor and is configured to supply power to write the data which are not written into the storage unit in the cache unit into the storage unit when the main memory is powered down based on the discharge of the capacitor;
the device further comprises a second memory for nonvolatile storage, wherein the data stored in the second memory comprises fault diagnosis data and/or cache data before power failure, the second memory comprises a temporary storage unit, and the second memory is configured to:
after the temporary storage units are filled with data, writing the data in the temporary storage units into the main memory in batches;
when the data in the temporary storage unit is written into the main memory, if the device is powered off, the data of the current batch is written into the main memory, then the file is closed, and the data writing progress is recorded;
temporarily storing the current writing position offset and the current reading position offset in the process of writing the data in the temporary storage units into the main memory in batches;
when the data in the temporary storage unit is written into the main memory, if the device is powered off, the data of the current batch is written into the main memory, then the file is closed, and the current reading position offset is updated;
when the power is on, checking whether the current writing position offset is consistent with the current reading position offset so as to judge whether data which is not written into the main memory exists;
and when all the data in the temporary storage unit are written into the main memory, clearing the current write position offset and the read position offset.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said main memory employs an EXT4 file system.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second memory is a ferroelectric memory.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a power down delay module configured to provide power to the apparatus for sufficient time to perform power down protection operations when the apparatus is powered down.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the power-down delay module comprises a power-down power supply unit comprising a capacitor configured to supply power upon power-down of the apparatus based on discharge of the capacitor.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the power down delay module further comprises:
a voltage stabilization unit configured to stabilize an output voltage during a discharge of a capacitor of the power down supply unit.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the power down delay module further comprises:
and the undervoltage protection unit is configured to prevent the voltage at two ends of the capacitor from oscillating in the discharging process of the capacitor of the power-down power supply unit.
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