CN107790658A - One Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a copper alloy vacuum continuous smelting and casting method, which adopts a copper alloy vacuum continuous smelting and casting device, and the device includes a vacuum smelting chamber, a continuous vacuum feeding chamber, a vacuum casting chamber, an upflow trough, a downflow trough, and a crystallizer , dummy head and tractor; the vacuum melting chamber has a melting cavity, the melting cavity is provided with a melting crucible that can be tilted and returned to its original state, and an induction coil is arranged on the melting crucible; the vacuum casting chamber has a casting cavity The casting cavity is provided with a casting crucible, and the outer surface of the casting crucible is provided with a heating element; by cooperating with a vacuum melting chamber, a continuous vacuum feeding chamber, a vacuum casting chamber, an upper launder, a lower launder, a crystallizer, and a dummy ingot head and haul-off machine, realize vacuum continuous feeding, continuous smelting and continuous ingot casting, can smelt easily oxidized metals, ensure the stability of alloy components, degas and refine the melt by adjusting the vacuum degree, and can improve the crucible, launder And so on the life of the parts.

Description

A kind of copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting method

technical field

The invention relates to the technology in the field of copper alloy casting, in particular to a copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting method.

Background technique

At present, the ingot production methods of copper and copper alloys are mainly up-drawing, horizontal continuous casting and vertical down-drawing casting under atmospheric smelting. Since this type of production method is under non-vacuum atmospheric conditions, it is easy to realize uninterrupted feeding. , smelting and casting to achieve continuous preparation of ingots. However, because it is a non-vacuum system, when some refractory and easy-to-oxidize copper alloys are processed, due to reasons such as oxidation, gas absorption, and large amount of slag, it will cause a large amount of burning loss of elements and deterioration of casting conditions, which cannot guarantee alloy melting. Due to the stability of the body composition, qualified ingots cannot be produced. Therefore, when producing such refractory and easily oxidizable copper alloys in reality, melting and ingot casting are often carried out under vacuum and inert gas protection conditions. However, since the existing vacuum smelting furnace has only one vacuum chamber, continuous ingot casting and continuous feeding production of metal copper and alloy elements cannot be realized, but iron mold ingot casting can only be carried out in the vacuum chamber, and intermittent production is carried out furnace by furnace. The amount of gas is large, and the production efficiency is extremely low. Only ingots with large specifications but small weight can be produced, and the quality of ingots depends on manual operation, and the quality is very poor.

In fact, for a long time, people have tried a variety of vacuum melting and ingot casting methods, but currently it is not possible to prepare high-quality continuous length metal blanks such as copper alloys under vacuum conditions.

Chinese invention patent ZL201310203370.0 proposes a vacuum continuous casting device and casting method for alloy blanks, which are used for smelting, transporting, pouring, drawing, cooling, straightening, and shearing of special steel ingots under vacuum conditions. However, the invention has the following problems. First, the raw materials cannot be continuously added, so only the continuous smelting and casting is realized, and the real continuous production is not realized; the second is that the process of transferring molten steel with a ladle is complicated, and it is easy to introduce temperature drop, etc. Once the ladle is damaged or leaks, it is difficult to find it in the vacuum chamber; the third is that there is no heating device in the continuous casting chamber, so it is difficult to ensure the temperature requirements during casting, which makes continuous casting a great difficulty; The structure is too complicated, occupies a large area, is difficult to seal, and is difficult to manufacture and operate. In terms of function and structural features, this design cannot adapt to the vacuum continuous ingot production of copper alloys.

Chinese invention patent ZL201410530215.4 proposes a vertical-drawing vacuum melting inert gas protection continuous feeding continuous casting machine. Although the device can realize continuous feeding, smelting and casting of metals, there are unavoidable problems. 1. Because the invention connects the melting chamber directly with the ingot cooling device, that is, the melting chamber is also a casting chamber. This design is suitable for the production of pure metals, but not for the production of alloys, because the smelting of alloys requires a sufficient homogenization process, sufficient mixing of alloying elements, and sufficient standing time. It is obviously difficult to be uniform when casting while feeding. 2. Due to the large impact of the added cold material on the temperature of the melt during feeding, it will have a great impact on the casting process, and the stability of the quality of the cast rod cannot be guaranteed. 3. The feeding design from top to bottom makes it difficult to install thermocouples in the melting chamber for temperature measurement, which brings great inconvenience to the casting process. 4. Due to the length limitation, it is difficult for the vertical drawing design to realize the continuous receiving of large-sized metal billets. Therefore, this design is also difficult to adapt to high-quality vacuum continuous ingot casting of copper alloys.

Chinese invention patent application CN201710394134.X proposes an integrated device and method for smelting plus acoustic-magnetic coupling continuous casting under vacuum conditions. For casting, the cast rod needs to be vacuumed before it can be taken out, which requires a very large second vacuum chamber and cannot be used for continuous production. In addition, the horizontal continuous casting in the medium frequency induction furnace of this invention has the disadvantages of large temperature fluctuations, unclean metal casting (more residues), etc.

In addition, the Chinese utility model patent ZL201020527636.9 proposes a vacuum smelting aluminum casting furnace, which also cannot realize continuous feeding, and can only produce one furnace by one furnace, and cannot achieve continuous production of continuous feeding, continuous melting, and continuous casting. And it has only one heating furnace, and there is no temperature supply in the casting process, which is difficult to realize in actual production.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention addresses the deficiencies in the prior art, and its main purpose is to provide a copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting method, which can realize continuous feeding, continuous melting and continuous ingot production of copper alloy.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A copper alloy vacuum continuous smelting and casting method adopts a copper alloy vacuum continuous smelting and casting device, the device includes a vacuum melting chamber, a continuous vacuum feeding chamber, a vacuum casting chamber, an upper launder, a lower launder, a crystallizer, and a dummy head and tractor; the vacuum melting chamber has a melting cavity, the melting cavity is provided with a melting crucible that can be tilted and returned to the original position, the melting crucible is tilted and returned to the original position driven by the tilting device, and the melting crucible is provided with an induction coil , and above the melting crucible is installed a melting thermocouple that can be controlled externally to move up and down; the continuous vacuum feeding chamber is located above the vacuum melting chamber, and the continuous vacuum feeding chamber is connected to the vacuum melting chamber through a vacuum feeding valve, and the vacuum feeding valve is connected The smelting cavity is located above the smelting crucible; the vacuum casting chamber is located below the side of the vacuum smelting chamber, the vacuum casting chamber has a casting cavity, and a casting crucible is arranged in the casting cavity, and the outer surface of the casting crucible is provided with Heating elements, and a casting thermocouple that can be controlled to move up and down externally is installed on the top of the casting crucible; into the casting cavity and communicate with the casting crucible; one end of the downflow trough communicates with the bottom of the casting crucible, and the other end of the downflow trough is connected with the crystallizer; the dummy head is installed in the crystallizer, and one end of the dummy head is inserted into the downflow The tractor is installed at the rear of the crystallizer, and the tractor pulls the ingot head or ingot;

Include the following steps:

(1) Assemble the above-mentioned vacuum continuous melting and casting device for copper alloy, move up the melting thermocouple and casting thermocouple to a position convenient for feeding, put one end of the dummy head into the crystallizer as required, and fix the other end on the traction On the machine, the crystallizer passes through the cooling water;

(2) Close the vacuum feeding valve, add the prepared raw materials into the continuous vacuum feeding chamber, then close the door, and open the vacuum system to respectively extract vacuum from the continuous vacuum feeding chamber, vacuum melting chamber and vacuum casting chamber;

(3) When the vacuum degree reaches the requirement, open the vacuum feeding valve, let the raw material fall into the melting crucible, and then close the vacuum feeding valve;

(4) Turn on the heating power in the melting cavity and casting cavity, heat the melting crucible, casting crucible and charge, and move the casting thermocouple in the casting cavity to measure the temperature of the casting crucible against the casting crucible wall;

(5) After heating for a period of time, continue to draw vacuum to further extract the moisture that may be brought by the charge. After reaching the vacuum degree requirement, fill the smelting cavity and casting cavity with inert gas to 0.75-1.0 atmospheric pressure. Do not stop heating during the process;

(6) When the metal in the melting crucible is melted into liquid, insert the melting thermocouple into the melt in the melting crucible to measure the temperature of the melt;

(7) When the temperature of the melt in the melting crucible and the casting crucible reach the pre-required temperature, turn off the heating power of the induction coil, remove the melting thermocouple from the melting crucible, and tilt the melting crucible so that the melt flows into the casting crucible through the upper launder ;then move the cast thermocouple on the cast crucible into the melt for measurement;

(8) After the temperature of the melt in the casting crucible meets the casting requirements and is stable, set the traction parameters of the tractor, turn on the tractor for traction, and the copper ingot is immediately pulled out;

(9) At the same time of normal traction, open the door of the continuous vacuum feeding chamber to repeat feeding. After the feeding is completed, close the door to extract the vacuum; after the vacuum degree reaches the requirement, fill in the inert gas with the same pressure as the melting cavity, and then open the vacuum feeding valve, let the raw material fall into the melting crucible, then close the vacuum feeding valve;

(10) Turn on the heating power supply of the induction coil to melt the raw materials in the melting crucible, and then move down the melting thermocouple to measure the temperature after melting;

(11) When the melt reaches the predetermined temperature, repeat step (7), and continuously repeat step (9), step (10) and step (11) according to the capacity of the melt in the casting crucible.

As a preferred solution, the continuous vacuum feeding chamber is independently vacuumed by a set of vacuum system, and the melting cavity of the vacuum melting chamber is connected with the casting cavity of the vacuum casting chamber. A separate vacuum system draws the vacuum and fills it with inert gas.

As a preferred solution, the upper launder is made of graphite, the upper launder is inclined at 3° to 20°, the upper end of the upper launder is located 5 to 20 mm below the gate of the melting crucible, and the lower end of the upper launder is connected to the top of the casting crucible , to introduce the melt into the casting crucible.

As a preferred solution, the downflow tank is made of graphite, and the aforementioned heating element is installed below it.

As a preferred solution, the heating element is a silicon-molybdenum rod or a silicon-carbon rod high-temperature resistance element, and the heating element is arranged around and at the bottom of the casting crucible and at the bottom of the downflow tank.

As a preferred solution, a smelting observation hole is arranged above the vacuum melting chamber, and a casting observation hole is arranged above the vacuum casting chamber.

As a preferred solution, the crystallizer is communicated with an external circulating water source, and the circulating water used is industrial soft water.

As a preferred solution, the dummy head is made of copper material with the same or similar composition as the alloy to be prepared.

As a preferred solution, the tractor is controlled by a servo motor.

As a preferred solution, a winding machine or a wire cutting machine is arranged behind the tractor.

A copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting method, using the aforementioned copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting device, comprising the following steps:

(1) Assemble the above-mentioned vacuum continuous melting and casting device for copper alloy, move up the melting thermocouple and casting thermocouple to a position convenient for feeding, put one end of the dummy head into the crystallizer as required, and fix the other end on the traction On the machine, the crystallizer passes through the cooling water;

(2) Close the vacuum feeding valve, add the prepared raw materials into the continuous vacuum feeding chamber, then close the door, and open the vacuum system to respectively extract vacuum from the continuous vacuum feeding chamber, vacuum melting chamber and vacuum casting chamber;

(3) When the vacuum degree reaches the requirement, open the vacuum feeding valve, let the raw material fall into the melting crucible, and then close the vacuum feeding valve;

(4) Turn on the heating power in the melting cavity and casting cavity, heat the melting crucible, casting crucible and charge, and move the casting thermocouple in the casting cavity to measure the temperature of the casting crucible against the casting crucible wall;

(5) After heating for a period of time, continue to draw vacuum to further extract the moisture that may be brought by the charge. After reaching the vacuum degree requirement, fill the smelting cavity and casting cavity with inert gas to 0.75-1.0 atmospheric pressure. Do not stop heating during the process;

(6) When the metal in the melting crucible is melted into liquid, insert the melting thermocouple into the melt in the melting crucible to measure the temperature of the melt;

(7) When the temperature of the melt in the melting crucible and the casting crucible reach the pre-required temperature, turn off the heating power of the induction coil, remove the melting thermocouple from the melting crucible, and tilt the melting crucible so that the melt flows into the casting crucible through the upper launder ;then move the cast thermocouple on the cast crucible into the melt for measurement;

(8) After the temperature of the melt in the casting crucible meets the casting requirements and is stable, set the traction parameters of the tractor, turn on the tractor for traction, and the copper ingot is immediately pulled out;

(9) At the same time of normal traction, open the door of the continuous vacuum feeding chamber to repeat feeding. After the feeding is completed, close the door to extract the vacuum; after the vacuum degree reaches the requirement, fill in the inert gas with the same pressure as the melting cavity, and then open the vacuum feeding valve, let the raw material fall into the melting crucible, then close the vacuum feeding valve;

(10) Turn on the heating power supply of the induction coil to melt the raw materials in the melting crucible, and then move down the melting thermocouple to measure the temperature after melting;

(11) When the melt reaches the predetermined temperature, repeat step (7), and continuously repeat step (9), step (10) and step (11) according to the capacity of the melt in the casting crucible.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. Specifically, it can be known from the above technical solutions:

1. Through the combined use of vacuum melting chamber, continuous vacuum feeding chamber, vacuum casting chamber, up launder, down launder, crystallizer, dummy head and traction machine, vacuum continuous feeding, continuous smelting and continuous ingot casting are realized, which can be smelted easily Oxidize the metal to ensure the stability of the alloy composition. The melt can be degassed and refined by adjusting the vacuum degree, and the life of the crucible, launder and other parts can be improved.

2. By separating the vacuum melting chamber and the vacuum casting chamber, the vacuum melting chamber is specially used for alloy melting to ensure uniform composition, and the vacuum casting chamber is specially used for casting to ensure the stability of the casting process.

3. The vacuum melting chamber adopts an induction furnace to electromagnetically stir the melt, so that the alloy composition is fully uniform, and the temperature can be flexibly adjusted according to the process; the vacuum casting chamber adopts resistance heating, and the temperature is easy to control and the fluctuation is small, which is suitable for continuous casting of copper alloys.

4. This device has two vacuum systems that can be connected and closed, one of which is used for feeding, and the other is used for melting and casting. When the smelting starts, close the vacuum feeding valve to open the continuous vacuum feeding chamber to fill in raw materials, and then vacuumize the continuous vacuum feeding chamber after filling the raw materials. After the copper liquid in the vacuum melting chamber is transferred to the casting crucible, the vacuum feeding valve can be opened to fill the raw material into the melting crucible. Repeatedly, thus truly realizing the uninterrupted continuous feeding of metals and smelting ingots.

5. The bottom of the casting crucible is directly connected to the downflow tank, so that no metal or alloy liquid will remain at the bottom of the casting crucible, so that it is convenient to open or close the device at any time, and it is convenient to replace the alloy.

6. Both the upper flow tank and the lower flow tank are made of graphite, which will not stick to metal and is easy to maintain.

In order to more clearly illustrate the structural features and functions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of the accompanying drawings:

10. Vacuum melting chamber 11. Melting cavity

12. Melting crucible 13. Induction coil

14. Melting thermocouple 15. Melting observation hole

16. Melt 20. Continuous vacuum feeding chamber

21. Vacuum feeding valve 22. Warehouse door

30. Vacuum casting chamber 31. Casting cavity

32. Casting crucible 33. Heating element

34. Casting thermocouple 35. Casting observation hole

36. Melt 40. Upflow slot

50. Downflow tank 60. Crystallizer

70. Dummy head 80. Hauler

90. Insulation shell.

Detailed ways

Please refer to Figure 1, which shows the specific structure of a copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting device of the present invention, including a vacuum melting chamber 10, a continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, a vacuum casting chamber 30, an upper launder 40, and a lower launder 50 , crystallizer 60 , dummy head 70 and tractor 80 .

The vacuum smelting chamber 10 has a smelting cavity 11, and the smelting cavity 11 is provided with a smelting crucible 12 that can be tilted and returned to its original state. The furnace tilting device is located outside the vacuum melting chamber 10, the melting crucible 12 is provided with an induction coil 13, and above the melting crucible 12 is installed a melting thermocouple 14 which can be controlled to move up and down externally. Moreover, a smelting observation hole 15 is provided above the vacuum smelting chamber 10 for observing the smelting condition of the metal in the smelting cavity 11 .

The continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20 is positioned above the vacuum melting chamber 10, the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20 is connected to the vacuum melting chamber 10 through a vacuum feeding valve 21, the vacuum feeding valve 21 communicates with the melting cavity 11 and is positioned above the melting crucible 12, and , the top of the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20 has a door 22 .

The vacuum casting chamber 30 is located under the side of the vacuum melting chamber 10, the vacuum casting chamber 30 has a casting cavity 31, a casting crucible 32 is arranged in the casting cavity 31, and a heating element 33 is arranged on the outer surface of the casting crucible 32 , and the top of the casting crucible 33 is installed with a casting thermocouple 34 that can be controlled externally to move up and down. In this embodiment, a casting observation hole 35 is provided above the vacuum casting chamber 30 for observing the melting condition of the metal in the casting cavity 31 .

The upper launder 40 is arranged inclined up and down. The upper end of the upper launder 40 extends into the melting cavity 11 and is located below the melting crucible 12 . The lower end of the upper launder 40 extends into the casting cavity 31 and communicates with the casting crucible 32 . In this embodiment, the upper launder 40 is made of graphite, and the upper launder 40 is inclined at 3° to 20°. The upper end of the upper launder 40 is located 5 to 20 mm below the gate of the melting crucible 12, and is used to receive the fallen For the melt 16 , the lower end of the upper launder 40 is connected to the top of the casting crucible 32 , and the melt 16 is introduced into the casting crucible 32 . Moreover, the upper flow tank 40 is covered with a thermal insulation shell 90 .

One end of the downflow trough 50 communicates with the bottom of the casting crucible 32 , and the other end of the downflow trough 50 is connected with the crystallizer 60 . In this embodiment, the downflow tank 50 is made of graphite, and the aforementioned heating element 33 is installed below it, and the crystallizer 60 is communicated with an external circulating water source, which can precisely control the temperature and flow rate of the incoming water, and the circulating water used Soft water for industry. The heating element 33 is a silicon-molybdenum rod or a silicon-carbon rod high-temperature resistance element, and the heating element 33 is arranged around and at the bottom of the casting crucible 32 and at the bottom of the downflow tank 50 .

The dummy head 70 is installed in the crystallizer 60, and one end of the dummy head 70 is inserted into the downflow trough 50; the tractor 80 is installed at the rear of the crystallizer 60, and the tractor 80 pulls the dummy head 70 or the ingot. In this embodiment, the dummy head 70 is made of copper material with the same or similar composition as the alloy to be prepared, and the pulling machine 80 is controlled by a servo motor, which can realize the adjustment functions of pulling, stopping, and reverse pushing, and pulling A winder (not shown in the figure) or a wire cutting machine (not shown in the figure) is arranged behind the machine 80 for coiling or sizing of the ingot.

And, the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20 is independently vacuumed by a set of vacuum system, the melting cavity 11 of the vacuum melting chamber 10 is a vacuum chamber connected with the casting cavity 31 of the vacuum casting chamber 30, and it is formed by another A separate vacuum system draws vacuum and fills it with inert gas.

In addition, the furnace shells of the vacuum melting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30 are cooled by circulating cooling water, and the circulating water used is industrial soft water.

The present invention also discloses a copper alloy vacuum continuous smelting and casting method, using the aforementioned copper alloy vacuum continuous smelting and casting device, including the following steps:

(1) Assemble the above-mentioned copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting device, the melting thermocouple 14 and the casting thermocouple 34 are moved up to a position convenient for feeding, one end of the dummy head 70 is loaded into the crystallizer 60 as required, and the other One end is fixed on the tractor 80, and the crystallizer 60 is passed through with cooling water.

(2) Close the vacuum feeding valve 21, add prepared raw materials into the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, then close the warehouse door 22, and open the vacuum system to extract vacuum from the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, the vacuum melting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30 respectively. .

(3) When the vacuum degree reaches the requirement, open the vacuum feeding valve 21, let the raw material fall into the melting crucible 12, and then close the vacuum feeding valve 21.

(4) Turn on the heating power in the smelting cavity 11 and the casting cavity 31, heat the melting crucible 12, casting crucible 32 and charge, and move the casting thermocouple 34 in the casting cavity 31 to make it close to the casting crucible The 32 wall measures the casting crucible 32 temperature.

(5) After heating for a period of time, continue to draw the vacuum to further extract the moisture that may be brought by the charge. After reaching the vacuum degree requirement, fill the smelting cavity 11 and the casting cavity 31 with inert gas to 0.75-1.0 atmospheric pressure, Do not stop heating during this process.

(6) After the metal in the melting crucible 12 is melted into liquid, the melting thermocouple 14 is inserted into the melt in the melting crucible 12 to measure the temperature of the melt.

(7) When the temperature of the melt 16 in the melting crucible 12 and the temperature of the casting crucible 32 both reach the pre-required, turn off the heating power supply of the induction coil 13, remove the melting thermocouple 14 from the melting crucible 12, and tilt the melting crucible 12 to make the melting The body 16 flows into the casting crucible 32 through the upper launder 40; the casting thermocouple 34 on the casting crucible 32 is then moved into the melt 36 for measurement.

(8) After the temperature of the melt in the casting crucible 32 meets the casting requirements and is stable, set the traction parameters of the tractor 80, turn on the tractor 80 for traction, and the copper ingot is drawn out immediately.

(9) At the same time of normal traction, open the door 22 of the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20 to repeat feeding, close the door 22 to extract the vacuum after the feeding is completed; fill in the inert gas with the same pressure as the smelting cavity 11 after the vacuum degree reaches the requirement, Then open the vacuum feeding valve 21 to allow the raw materials to fall into the melting crucible 12, then close the vacuum feeding valve 21.

(10) Turn on the heating power supply of the induction coil 13 to melt the raw material in the melting crucible 12, and then move down the melting thermocouple 14 to measure the temperature after melting.

(11) When the melt 16 reaches the predetermined temperature, repeat step (7), and continuously repeat step (9), step (10) and step (11) according to the capacity of the melt 36 in the casting crucible 32 .

The present invention will be described in further detail below with a plurality of embodiments:

Embodiment one:

In this embodiment, a copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting device is composed of a vacuum melting chamber 10, a continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, a vacuum casting chamber 30, an upper launder 40, a lower launder 50, a crystallizer 60, a dummy head 70, and a tractor 80. composition. The device is used to prepare chromium-zirconium bronze with a chromium content of 0.7wt%, a zirconium content of 0.2wt%, and an ingot diameter of Φ30mm.

The melting crucible 12 in the vacuum melting chamber 10 has a volume of 150 kg, the casting crucible 32 in the vacuum casting chamber 30 has a volume of 150 kg, the heating element 33 is a silicon carbide rod, and the inclination angle of the upper launder 40 is 10°. The melting and casting method includes the following steps:

(1) Assemble the above-mentioned copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting device, the melting thermocouple 14 and the casting thermocouple 34 are moved up to a position convenient for feeding, one end of the dummy head 70 is put into the crystallizer 60, and the other end is fixed On the tractor 80, the crystallizer 60 is supplied with cooling water, the inlet temperature of the cooling water is 30° C., and the flow rate is 5 L/min.

(2) Close the vacuum feeding valve 21, add 99.1 kg of shredded cathode copper, 0.7 kg of pure chromium particles, and 0.2 kg of zirconium block into the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, then close the door 22, and open the vacuum system to the continuous vacuum feeding chamber. 20. The vacuum melting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30 are respectively vacuumed until the vacuum reaches 0.1 Pa.

(3) When the vacuum degree reaches 0.1Pa, open the vacuum feeding valve 21 to let the copper, chromium and zirconium raw materials fall into the melting crucible 12, and then close the vacuum feeding valve 21.

(4) Turn on the heating power in the vacuum melting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30, heat the melting crucible 12, the casting crucible 32 and the charge, and move the casting thermocouple 34 in the casting cavity 31 to make it close to the casting crucible The wall 32 measures the temperature of the casting crucible 32, and the heating temperature is set to 1230°C on the heating temperature control meter of the vacuum casting chamber 30.

(5) Heat the charge until it turns red, and continue to draw a vacuum after heating the casting crucible 32 to 500-600° C., so as to further extract the moisture that may be brought by the charge. After the vacuum degree reaches 0.1Pa, inert gas is filled into the vacuum melting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30 to 0.09MPa, and the heating is not stopped during this process.

(6) After observing that the metal in the melting crucible 12 melts into liquid through the melting observation hole 15, insert the melting thermocouple 14 into the melt 16 in the melting crucible 12, measure the temperature of the melt 16, and set it on the temperature control table The heating temperature is 1300°C.

(7) When the melt 16 in the melting crucible 12 reaches 1300°C and the casting crucible 32 reaches 1230°C, turn off the heating power supply of the induction coil 13, remove the melting thermocouple 14 from the melting crucible 12, and tilt the melting crucible 12 so that The melt 16 flows into the casting crucible 32 via the upflow channel 40 . Then the casting thermocouple 34 on the casting crucible 32 was moved into the melt 36 for measurement, and the heating temperature control meter of the vacuum casting chamber 30 was still set at 1230°C.

(8) When the temperature of the melt 36 in the casting crucible 32 reaches 1230-1250°C, the cooling water volume of the crystallizer 60 is adjusted to 25L/min, and the water inlet temperature is still controlled at 30°C; the traction parameter of the tractor 80 is set as The traction pitch is 0.8mm, the traction speed is 5mm/s, and the intermittent time is 0.02s. Turn on the tractor 8 for traction, and the chromium-zirconium copper ingot 7 with a diameter of 30mm is immediately drawn out.

(9) At the same time of normal traction, fill the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20 with air and open the chamber door 22 to repeatedly feed 99.1 kg of cathode copper, 0.7 kg of pure chromium particles, and 0.2 kg of zirconium block. Close the door 22 to extract the vacuum after feeding. After the vacuum reaches 0.1 Pa, inert gas with a pressure of 0.09 MPa is filled, and then the vacuum feeding valve 21 is opened to let the raw materials fall into the melting crucible 12, and then the vacuum feeding valve 21 is closed.

(10) Turn on the heating power supply of the induction coil 13 to melt the raw material in the melting crucible 12, and then move down the melting thermocouple 14 to measure the temperature after melting.

(11) When the melt 16 reaches 1300°C, repeat step (7). According to the capacity of the melt 36 in the casting crucible 32, step (9), step (10) and step (11) are repeated continuously.

According to the repeated cycle of the above steps, the vacuum continuous feeding, smelting and ingot casting of the chromium-chromium-copper alloy are realized.

Embodiment two:

In this embodiment, a copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting device is composed of a vacuum melting chamber 10, a continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, a vacuum casting chamber 30, an upper launder 40, a lower launder 50, a crystallizer 60, a dummy head 70, and a tractor 80. composition. The device is used to prepare a B30 white copper tube billet with a nickel content of 30wt%, an ingot outer diameter of Φ20mm, and a wall thickness of 4mm.

The melting crucible 12 in the vacuum melting chamber 10 has a volume of 50 kilograms, the casting crucible 32 in the vacuum casting chamber 30 has a volume of 50 kilograms, the heating element 33 is a silicon carbide rod, and the inclination angle of the upper launder 40 is 10°. The melting and casting method includes the following steps:

(1) Assemble the above-mentioned copper alloy vacuum continuous melting and casting device, the melting thermocouple 14 and the casting thermocouple 34 are moved up to a position convenient for feeding, one end of the dummy head 70 is put into the crystallizer 60, and the other end is fixed On the tractor 80, the crystallizer 60 is supplied with cooling water, the inlet temperature of the cooling water is 30° C., and the flow rate is 5 L/min.

(2) Close the vacuum feeding valve 21, add 21 kg of shredded cathode copper and 9 kg of electrolytic nickel block in the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, then close the warehouse door 22, and open the vacuum system to the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20, vacuum smelting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30 are respectively vacuumed up to 0.1Pa.

(3) When the vacuum degree reaches 0.1Pa, open the vacuum feeding valve 21 to let the copper, chromium and zirconium raw materials fall into the melting crucible 12, and then close the vacuum feeding valve 21.

(4) Turn on the heating power in the vacuum melting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30, heat the melting crucible 12, the casting crucible 32 and the charge, and move the casting thermocouple 34 in the casting cavity 31 to make it close to the casting crucible The wall 32 measures the temperature of the casting crucible 32, and the heating temperature is set to 1300°C on the heating temperature control meter of the vacuum casting chamber 30.

(5) Heat the charge until it turns red, and continue to draw a vacuum after heating the casting crucible 32 to 500-600° C., so as to further extract the moisture that may be brought by the charge. After the vacuum degree reaches 0.1Pa, inert gas is filled into the vacuum melting chamber 10 and the vacuum casting chamber 30 to 0.09MPa, and the heating is not stopped during this process.

(6) After observing that the metal in the melting crucible 12 melts into liquid through the melting observation hole 15, insert the melting thermocouple 14 into the melt 16 in the melting crucible 12, measure the temperature of the melt 16, and set it on the temperature control table The heating temperature is 1350°C.

(7) When the melt 16 in the melting crucible 12 reaches 1350°C and the casting crucible 32 reaches 1300°C, turn off the heating power supply of the induction coil 13, remove the melting thermocouple 14 from the melting crucible 12, and tilt the melting crucible 12 so that The melt 16 flows into the casting crucible 32 via the upflow channel 40 . Then the casting thermocouple 34 on the casting crucible 32 was moved into the melt 36 for measurement, and the heating temperature control meter of the vacuum casting chamber 30 was still set at 1300°C.

(8) When the temperature of the melt 36 in the casting crucible 32 reaches 1300-1330°C, the cooling water volume of the crystallizer 60 is adjusted to 20L/min, and the inlet water temperature is still controlled at 30°C; the traction parameter of the tractor 80 is set as The traction pitch is 1.0mm, the traction speed is 8mm/s, and the intermittent time is 0.02s. Turn on the tractor 80 for traction, and the B30 white copper tube of Φ20mm×4mm will be pulled out immediately.

(9) At the same time of normal traction, fill the continuous vacuum feeding chamber 20 with air and open the door 22 to repeatedly add 21 kg of shredded cathode copper and 9 kg of electrolytic nickel block. Close the door 22 to draw a vacuum after feeding. After the vacuum reaches 0.1 Pa, inert gas with a pressure of 0.09 MPa is filled, and then the vacuum feeding valve 21 is opened to let the raw materials fall into the melting crucible 12, and then the vacuum feeding valve 21 is closed.

(10) Turn on the heating power supply of the induction coil 13 to melt the raw material in the melting crucible 12, and then move down the melting thermocouple 14 to measure the temperature after melting.

(11) When the melt 16 reaches 1350°C, repeat step (7). According to the capacity of the melt 36 in the casting crucible 32, step (9), step (10) and step (11) are repeated continuously.

According to the repeated cycle of the above steps, the vacuum continuous feeding, melting and ingot casting of B30 white copper tubes are realized.

The key points of the design of the present invention are: 1. By cooperating with the vacuum smelting chamber, the continuous vacuum feeding chamber, the vacuum casting chamber, the upper launder, the lower launder, the crystallizer, the dummy head and the tractor, the vacuum continuous feeding, continuous smelting and Continuous ingot casting can smelt easily oxidizable metals to ensure stable alloy components. The melt can be degassed and refined by adjusting the vacuum degree, and the life of crucibles, launders and other parts can be improved. 2. By separating the vacuum melting chamber and the vacuum casting chamber, the vacuum melting chamber is specially used for alloy melting to ensure uniform composition, and the vacuum casting chamber is specially used for casting to ensure the stability of the casting process. 3. The vacuum melting chamber adopts an induction furnace to electromagnetically stir the melt, so that the alloy composition is fully uniform, and the temperature can be flexibly adjusted according to the process; the vacuum casting chamber adopts resistance heating, and the temperature is easy to control and the fluctuation is small, which is suitable for continuous casting of copper alloys. 4. This device has two vacuum systems that can be connected and closed, one of which is used for feeding, and the other is used for melting and casting. When the smelting starts, close the vacuum feeding valve to open the continuous vacuum feeding chamber to fill in raw materials, and then vacuumize the continuous vacuum feeding chamber after filling the raw materials. After the copper liquid in the vacuum melting chamber is transferred to the casting crucible, the vacuum feeding valve can be opened to fill the raw material into the melting crucible. Repeatedly, thus truly realizing the uninterrupted continuous feeding of metals and smelting ingots. 5. The bottom of the casting crucible is directly connected to the downflow tank, so that no metal or alloy liquid will remain at the bottom of the casting crucible, so that it is convenient to open or close the device at any time, and it is convenient to replace the alloy. 6. Both the upper flow tank and the lower flow tank are made of graphite, which will not stick to metal and is easy to maintain.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the technical scope of the present invention in any way, so any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still valid. It belongs to the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A 1. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method, it is characterised in that：Cast using an Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting Make device, the device include vacuum melting room, continuous vacuum feed compartment, vacuum pressing and casting room, upper chute, downtand, crystallizer, Dummy bar head and hauling machine；The vacuum melting room has a melting cavity, and tiltable is provided with the melting cavity and returns original Melting kettle, melting kettle are driven by turndown device and are tilted and return original, and induction coil, and melting earthenware are provided with melting kettle The melting thermocouple that can be moved up and down in outside control is installed above crucible；The continuous vacuum feed compartment is located at vacuum melting room Top, continuous vacuum feed compartment is connected by a vacuum charging valve with vacuum melting room, vacuum charging valve connection melting cavity And positioned at the top of melting kettle；The vacuum pressing and casting room is located at lower section by the side of vacuum melting room, and vacuum pressing and casting room has a casting Cavity is made, casting crucible is provided with the casting cavity, the lateral surface of the casting crucible is provided with heating element heater, and casting crucible Top the casting thermocouple that can be moved up and down in outside control is installed；On this chute tilted upward set, upper chute it is upper End is stretched into melting cavity and stretches into casting cavity positioned at the lower section of melting kettle, the lower end of upper chute and connect casting earthenware Crucible；One end of the downtand connects with the bottom of casting crucible, and the other end of downtand is connected with crystallizer；The dummy bar head is installed In in crystallizer, and in one end insertion downtand of dummy bar head；The hauling machine is installed on the rear of crystallizer, draws machine travel Dummy bar head or ingot casting；

   Include following steps：

   （1）Above-mentioned Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting device is assembled, melting thermocouple and casting thermocouple on The position of convenient charging is moved to, one end is fitted into crystallizer dummy bar head on request, and the other end is fixed on hauling machine, and crystallizer leads to Good cooling water；

   （2）Vacuum charging valve is closed, the raw material prepared is added in continuous vacuum feed compartment, is then turned off door, opens vacuum System extracts vacuum respectively to continuous vacuum feed compartment, vacuum melting room and vacuum pressing and casting room；

   （3）After vacuum reaches requirement, vacuum charging valve is opened, allows raw material to fall into melting kettle, is then turned off vacuum and adds Expect valve；

   （4）Connect melting cavity and cast the heating power supply in cavity, melting kettle, casting crucible and furnace charge are heated, Casting thermocouple in mobile casting cavity, make its top casting crucible wall measurement casting crucible temperature；

   （5）Continue to extract vacuum after heating a period of time, further to extract the aqueous vapor that furnace charge may be brought, vacuum to be achieved After it is required that, inert gas is filled with into melting cavity and casting cavity to 0.75~1.0 atmospheric pressure, does not stop adding during this Heat；

   （6）After the metal molten in melting kettle is into liquid, by melting thermocouple insert melting kettle in melt, to melt Carry out thermometric；

   （7）After the melt in melting kettle and the temperature of casting crucible, which all reach advance, to be required, the heating of induction coil is closed Power supply, melting thermocouple is removed into melting kettle, tilts melting kettle, melt is flowed into casting crucible by upper chute；Then Casting thermocouple on casting crucible is moved into melt and measured；

   （8）The temperature of melt reaches casting and required and after stabilization in crucible to be cast, sets the Traction Parameters of hauling machine, opens Hauling machine is drawn, and casting in bronze ingot pulls out immediately；

   （9）While normal traction, the door for opening continuous vacuum feed compartment is repeated to feed, and door is closed after charging and is taken out Take vacuum；Vacuum reaches the inert gas being filled with after requirement with melting cavity same pressure, then turns on vacuum charging valve, allows Raw material is fallen into melting kettle, is then turned off vacuum charging valve；

   （10）The heating power supply for opening induction coil is melted to the raw material in melting kettle, and melting thermocouple is moved down after fusing Thermometric；

   （11）After melt reaches predetermined temperature, repeat step（7）, according to the capacity situation of melt in casting crucible, constantly weight Multiple step（9）, step（10）And step（11）.
2. 2. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described continuous true Empty feed compartment individually extracts vacuum by a set of vacuum system, and the melting cavity of the vacuum melting room is empty with the casting of vacuum pressing and casting room Chamber is the vacuum chamber to connect, and it extracts vacuum by another set of individually vacuum system and is filled with inert gas.
3. 3. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper chute For graphite product, for upper chute in 3 °~20 ° inclinations, the upper end of upper chute is located at 5~20mm below the cast gate of melting kettle, upper The lower end of groove is connected with the top of casting crucible, and melt is introduced into casting crucible.
4. 4. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The downtand For graphite product, and foregoing heating element heater is mounted with thereunder.
5. 5. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The heating unit Part is Si-Mo rod or Elema high temperature resistance element, and heating element heater is arranged in the surrounding and bottom and downtand of casting crucible Bottom.
6. 6. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vacuum melts Refining is provided with melting peep hole above room, and casting peep hole is provided with above the vacuum pressing and casting room.
7. 7. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The crystallizer With outer loop water source UNICOM, recirculated water used is industrial soft water.
8. 8. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The dummy bar head It is made of with the standby same or like copper material of alloying component of drawing up.
9. 9. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The hauling machine Using Serve Motor Control.
10. 10. Albatra metal vacuum continuous smelting casting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The traction Winder or cutting on line machine are set behind machine.