CN107677966A - A kind of battery fire safety evaluating experimental system and experimental method using in-situ technique - Google Patents
A kind of battery fire safety evaluating experimental system and experimental method using in-situ technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种应用原位测量技术的电池火灾安全实验系统及实验方法，可用于模拟电池在过热、过充和受载条件下的热灾害事件，从而更好的理解电池热灾害特性并指导电池安全设计。以力学试验机为基础实验平台实现对电池可控稳定的机械加载，并通过拓展的电池充放电系统、电池加热系统，实现在同一平台上的电池过充、过热工况，并可利用本发明的原位测量技术完成应力、应变、热学参数、温度、压力、红外热像数据、高速成像、气体分析数据的实时监测，利用防爆箱提高实验系统的安全性。
The invention discloses a battery fire safety experiment system and an experiment method using in-situ measurement technology, which can be used to simulate thermal disaster events of batteries under overheating, overcharging and loading conditions, so as to better understand battery thermal disaster characteristics and guide Battery safety design. Based on the mechanical testing machine, the experimental platform realizes the controllable and stable mechanical loading of the battery, and through the expanded battery charging and discharging system and battery heating system, the battery overcharge and overheating conditions can be realized on the same platform, and the invention can be used The in-situ measurement technology completes the real-time monitoring of stress, strain, thermal parameters, temperature, pressure, infrared thermal imaging data, high-speed imaging, and gas analysis data, and uses explosion-proof boxes to improve the safety of the experimental system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及锂电池实验测试技术领域，尤其涉及一种应用原位测量技术的电池火灾安全实验系统，可用于模拟电池在过热、过充和受载条件下的热灾害事件，从而更好的理解电池热灾害特性并指导电池安全设计。The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery experiment testing, in particular to a battery fire safety experiment system using in-situ measurement technology, which can be used to simulate thermal disaster events of batteries under overheating, overcharging and loading conditions, so as to better understand Battery thermal hazard characteristics and guide battery safety design.
背景技术Background technique
在能源紧缺和环境污染的背景下，电动汽车正在快速发展，具有高能量和功率密度、循环寿命较长、综合性能优良等优点的锂电池，作为动力电池广泛地应用于电动汽车上。在对锂电池性能及寿命的要求日益提高的同时，锂电池的火灾安全性受到高度关注，其安全问题是影响锂电池发展的关键环节。In the context of energy shortage and environmental pollution, electric vehicles are developing rapidly. Lithium batteries, which have the advantages of high energy and power density, long cycle life, and excellent comprehensive performance, are widely used as power batteries in electric vehicles. While the requirements for the performance and life of lithium batteries are increasing day by day, the fire safety of lithium batteries has been highly concerned, and its safety issue is a key link affecting the development of lithium batteries.
电动汽车的火灾安全事故接连不断，碰撞、过充、过热等不良工况都有可能引起电池的短路、起火、燃烧、爆炸等热灾害。尤其在电动汽车上，锂电池成组使用，一个锂电池的火灾事故影响其周围的电池，引起整个电池组的火灾安全事故，导致火灾安全事故的传播。The fire safety accidents of electric vehicles continue one after another, and adverse working conditions such as collision, overcharging, and overheating may cause thermal disasters such as short circuit, fire, combustion, and explosion of the battery. Especially in electric vehicles, lithium batteries are used in groups, and a fire accident of a lithium battery affects the surrounding batteries, causing a fire safety accident of the entire battery pack, leading to the spread of fire safety accidents.
由于锂电池是一个复杂的电化学系统，在发生火灾事故的过程中，不仅伴随着内部短路、所含活性物质的放热副反应，而且电池在发生火灾时，能量瞬时释放，直接导致起火或爆炸。探究锂电池的火灾安全性，需要对其热学特性、力学性能、反应动力学参数进行综合的测量和评估。Since the lithium battery is a complex electrochemical system, in the process of a fire accident, it is not only accompanied by internal short circuit and exothermic side reactions of the active substances contained in it, but also the energy is released instantaneously in the event of a fire, which directly leads to fire or explode. Exploring the fire safety of lithium batteries requires comprehensive measurement and evaluation of their thermal characteristics, mechanical properties, and reaction kinetics parameters.
目前，国内外不乏电池实验仪器，例如电池循环测试仪可以探究电池的充放电特性，针刺试验机可以探究电池在机械载荷下的响应特性，加速量热仪可以测量电池的热反应动力学参数，并可收集电池反应释放的气体利用气体分析仪进行电池的成分检测，等等。但是，仍缺少综合的应用原位测量的电池火灾安全研究实验系统，这对电池火灾安全性能探究有着很大的局限。At present, there is no shortage of battery experimental instruments at home and abroad, such as battery cycle testers can explore the charge and discharge characteristics of batteries, acupuncture testing machines can explore the response characteristics of batteries under mechanical loads, and accelerating calorimeters can measure thermal reaction kinetic parameters of batteries , and can collect the gas released by the battery reaction, use a gas analyzer to detect the composition of the battery, and so on. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive battery fire safety research experimental system using in-situ measurement, which has great limitations for the exploration of battery fire safety performance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明技术解决问题：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种应用原位测量技术的电池火灾安全实验系统及实验方法，能够模拟电池单体或电池模块在过充、过热、受载的滥用条件下产生的热灾害现象，实现电池在发生火灾事故过程中的力学特性、热学特性、反应动力学参数的原位测量。The technical solution of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a battery fire safety experiment system and experimental method using in-situ measurement technology, which can simulate the abuse conditions of a battery cell or a battery module under overcharging, overheating, and loading In order to realize the in-situ measurement of the mechanical properties, thermal properties and reaction kinetic parameters of the battery during the fire accident process.
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种应用原位测量技术的电池火灾安全实验系统，其特点在于：以力学试验机为基础平台，力学试验机具有传动机构、伺服机构、加载机构、应力测量系统、位移测量系统；所述加载机构为可变换的针头盘和压盘；通过导轨在力学试验机中引入防爆箱，防爆箱的箱体为可控密封结构设计，实现不同实验过程的密封性及保证实验人员的操作安全性；防爆箱顶部开孔以使所述加载机构通过；防爆箱的一个侧面、正面及顶部装有红外视窗，红外视窗耐高温高压，同时可透可见光和红外光，高速摄影仪、红外热像仪通过红外视窗实现原位图像采集和原位温度采集；防爆箱的另一侧面设有耐高温的Kapton窗，可供外接热风枪对防爆箱内的实验电池进行加热；防爆箱背面安装有排气风扇、排气管道，实现实验过程中废气的处理，其中排气管道通过止流阀实现可控分流设计，测试通道安装有流量计和气体分析仪，用于电池实验气体的收集及检测分析；防爆箱具有防爆安全装置，包括隔温层、泄压阀和排气扇，保证实验安全性；防爆箱内部设有发热电阻丝，对电池进行加热；防爆箱下的力学试验机底座上放置有充放电设备、温度测试仪、压力测试仪、简易量热计，均通过防爆箱背面的线孔与防爆箱中的实验电池相连；充放电设备、温度测试仪、压力测试仪、简易量热计均设有基本操作按键可进行简单操作，屏幕可实时显示测量数据，同时有数据传输接口可以与电脑连接。The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a battery fire safety experiment system using in-situ measurement technology, which is characterized in that the mechanical testing machine is used as the basic platform, and the mechanical testing machine has a transmission mechanism, a servo mechanism, a loading mechanism, and a stress measurement system. , Displacement measurement system; the loading mechanism is a changeable needle plate and pressure plate; the explosion-proof box is introduced into the mechanical testing machine through the guide rail, and the box body of the explosion-proof box is designed with a controllable sealing structure to realize the sealing performance of different experimental processes and The operation safety of the experimenters is guaranteed; the top of the explosion-proof box is opened to allow the loading mechanism to pass through; one side, the front and the top of the explosion-proof box are equipped with infrared windows, which are resistant to high temperature and high pressure, and can transmit visible light and infrared light at the same time. The photographic camera and infrared thermal imager realize in-situ image acquisition and in-situ temperature acquisition through the infrared window; the other side of the explosion-proof box is equipped with a high-temperature-resistant Kapton window, which can be used for external heat guns to heat the experimental batteries in the explosion-proof box; An exhaust fan and exhaust pipe are installed on the back of the explosion-proof box to realize the treatment of exhaust gas during the experiment. The exhaust pipe realizes the controllable shunt design through the stop valve, and the test channel is equipped with a flow meter and a gas analyzer for battery experiments. Gas collection, detection and analysis; the explosion-proof box has explosion-proof safety devices, including a temperature insulation layer, a pressure relief valve and an exhaust fan, to ensure the safety of the experiment; there is a heating resistance wire inside the explosion-proof box to heat the battery; On the base of the mechanical testing machine, there are charge and discharge equipment, temperature tester, pressure tester, and simple calorimeter, all of which are connected to the experimental battery in the explosion-proof box through the wire hole on the back of the explosion-proof box; charge and discharge equipment, temperature tester, pressure Both the tester and the simple calorimeter are equipped with basic operation buttons for simple operation, the screen can display the measurement data in real time, and there is a data transmission interface to connect with the computer.
所述实验系统应用范围为电池单体或电池模块。The application range of the experimental system is a battery cell or a battery module.
所述防爆箱的底部设有滑动抽取底板，便于实验残骸清理；。The bottom of the explosion-proof box is provided with a sliding extraction bottom plate, which is convenient for cleaning the experimental wreckage;
所述实验系统可用于模拟电池单体或电池模块在过充、过热、受载的滥用条件下产生的热灾害现象，实现电池在发生火灾事故过程中的力学特性、热学特性、反应动力学参数的原位测量。The experimental system can be used to simulate the thermal disaster phenomenon of a battery cell or a battery module under the abuse conditions of overcharging, overheating, and load, and realize the mechanical characteristics, thermal characteristics, and reaction kinetic parameters of the battery during a fire accident. in situ measurement.
所述实验系统的可变换针头盘和压盘所用材料为屈服强度大于300MPa，抗拉强度大于450MPa的高强度钢。The material used for the changeable needle plate and pressure plate of the experimental system is high-strength steel with a yield strength greater than 300MPa and a tensile strength greater than 450MPa.
所述实验系统的可变换针头盘和压盘采用铸造、冷拔或热处理的加工方法制造。The convertible needle plate and pressure plate of the experimental system are manufactured by casting, cold drawing or heat treatment.
所述实验系统的防爆箱体所用材料为钢、隔温材料、防爆玻璃、透红外玻璃。The materials used for the explosion-proof box of the experimental system are steel, heat insulating material, explosion-proof glass, and infrared-transmitting glass.
所述实验系统的防爆箱体采用冲压、焊接的加工方法制造。The explosion-proof box of the experimental system is manufactured by stamping and welding.
所述实验系统的力学试验机、高速摄影仪、红外热像仪、热风枪、排气风扇、排气管道、流量计、气体分析仪、电阻丝、充放电设备、温度测试仪、压力测试仪、简易量热计无需独立设计，根据实际实验要求匹配。The mechanical testing machine, high-speed camera, infrared thermal imager, heat gun, exhaust fan, exhaust pipe, flow meter, gas analyzer, resistance wire, charging and discharging equipment, temperature tester, and pressure tester of the experimental system , The simple calorimeter does not need to be designed independently, and it is matched according to the actual experimental requirements.
本发明提供的一种应用原位测量技术的电池火灾安全实验方法，步骤为：在力学试验机的基础上拓展实现对电池应用原位测量的多功能同平台实验功能，包括过充实验和过热实验；其中过充实验为：将电池置于防爆箱中，电池正负极通过导线与充放电设备连接，在充放电设备可以设置电池的充电倍率、充电时间，完成对电池的过充实验；过热实验为：两种加热方式，一是点加热，利用热风枪透过Kapton窗对准电池表面的某个点，加热功率通过热风枪的功率调节，二是整体加热，加热电阻丝呈线圈状并缠绕在电池表面，电阻丝与简易量热计相接并通过量热计调节发热功率；其中，可以进行简易量热功能，利用可变换的压盘把防爆箱顶部的开孔封闭，防爆箱体夹层为隔温材料，形成密闭的绝热空间，利用电阻丝对电池加热，通过温度测试仪的热电偶测量电池温度，完成热学特性的测量，通过简易量热计分析电池的温度数据可测量电池的反应动力学参数。受载实验：可进行压缩实验和针刺实验，加载机构为可变换针头盘和压盘，压盘和针头盘可以互换，固定于加载机构上，通过压盘对电池压缩，通过针头对电池针刺；以上实验过程，均可通过温度测试仪测量电池温度、红外热像仪采集温度场分布，实现热学特性的原位测量；压力测试仪测量压力、高速摄影仪捕捉动态响应、力学试验机上的力传感器与位移传感器实现加载力和位移的测量，实现力学特性的原位测量；利用简易量热计通过热电偶测得电池样品的温度，并通过加热电阻丝进行加热电池，可实现简易的电池量热功能，实现反应动力学参数的测量；排气管道中设有测试通道以收集、检测和分析电池实验气体。The invention provides a battery fire safety experiment method using in-situ measurement technology. The steps are: on the basis of the mechanical testing machine, expand and realize the multi-functional same platform experiment function for in-situ measurement of the battery, including overcharge experiment and overheating test. Experiment; the overcharge experiment is as follows: the battery is placed in an explosion-proof box, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are connected to the charging and discharging equipment through wires, and the charging rate and charging time of the battery can be set in the charging and discharging equipment to complete the battery overcharging experiment; The overheating experiment is as follows: two heating methods, one is point heating, using a heat gun to aim at a certain point on the battery surface through the Kapton window, the heating power is adjusted by the power of the heat gun, and the other is overall heating, the heating resistance wire is in the shape of a coil And wound on the surface of the battery, the resistance wire is connected with a simple calorimeter and the heating power is adjusted through the calorimeter; among them, the simple calorimetry function can be performed, and the opening on the top of the explosion-proof box can be closed by a convertible pressure plate, and the explosion-proof box The interlayer of the body is a heat-insulating material, forming a closed heat-insulating space. The battery is heated by the resistance wire, and the temperature of the battery is measured by the thermocouple of the temperature tester to complete the measurement of the thermal characteristics. The battery can be measured by analyzing the temperature data of the battery by a simple calorimeter. Kinetic parameters of the reaction. Loading test: Compression test and acupuncture test can be carried out, the loading mechanism is a changeable needle plate and pressure plate, the pressure plate and needle plate can be interchanged, fixed on the loading mechanism, the battery is compressed through the pressure plate, and the battery is compressed through the needle Acupuncture; in the above experimental process, the battery temperature can be measured by the temperature tester, and the temperature field distribution can be collected by the infrared thermal imager to realize the in-situ measurement of thermal characteristics; the pressure tester can measure the pressure, the high-speed camera can capture the dynamic response, and the mechanical testing machine can The force sensor and displacement sensor realize the measurement of loading force and displacement, and realize the in-situ measurement of mechanical properties; use a simple calorimeter to measure the temperature of the battery sample through a thermocouple, and heat the battery through a heating resistance wire, which can realize simple The calorimetric function of the battery realizes the measurement of the reaction kinetic parameters; a test channel is set in the exhaust pipe to collect, detect and analyze the battery experiment gas.
本发明与现有技术的有益效果：The beneficial effects of the present invention and prior art:
(1)相比于现有的电池测量技术，本发明实验系统以力学试验机为基础实验平台，能够在同一实验平台上完成电池在过充、过热、受载条件下，热灾害事故模拟，触发产生的火灾事故；(1) Compared with the existing battery measurement technology, the experimental system of the present invention takes the mechanical testing machine as the basic experimental platform, and can complete the thermal disaster accident simulation of the battery under the conditions of overcharging, overheating and loading on the same experimental platform, trigger fire accidents;
(2)应用了原位测量技术，能够在同一实验平台上实现对电池在发生火灾事故过程中的力学特性、热学特性、反应动力学参数的实时的原位测量，可运用于电池单体和电池模块的实验技术。(2) The in-situ measurement technology is applied, and the real-time in-situ measurement of the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and reaction kinetic parameters of the battery during a fire accident can be realized on the same experimental platform, which can be applied to battery cells and Experimental technology for battery modules.
(4)本发明属于一种多功能的电池实验测量系统，能够实现诱发电池发生热灾害事故、原位测量、量热功能、废气处理及电池反应气体分析等功能。(4) The present invention belongs to a multifunctional battery experiment measurement system, which can realize the functions of inducing a thermal disaster accident in the battery, in-situ measurement, calorimetry, waste gas treatment, and battery reaction gas analysis.
(5)本发明最大的技术特征是采用现有的力学试验机为基础平台，通过加载机构、防爆箱体的设计以及多个设备附件的拓展，可以实现电池火灾安全研究的原位测量多功能平台。(5) The biggest technical feature of the present invention is to use the existing mechanical testing machine as the basic platform, and through the design of the loading mechanism, the explosion-proof box, and the expansion of multiple equipment accessories, the multifunctional in-situ measurement of battery fire safety research can be realized platform.
(6)利用本发明的原位测量技术完成应力、应变、热学参数、温度、压力、红外热像数据、高速成像、气体分析数据的实时监测，利用防爆箱提高实验系统的安全性。(6) Real-time monitoring of stress, strain, thermal parameters, temperature, pressure, infrared thermal imaging data, high-speed imaging, and gas analysis data is completed by using the in-situ measurement technology of the present invention, and the safety of the experimental system is improved by using an explosion-proof box.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中实验系统装置简图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental system device in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图及示例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
本发明以力学试验机为基础平台，加载机构为可变换的针头盘和压盘；通过导轨在力学试验机中引入防爆箱，箱体为可控密封结构设计，实现不同实验过程的密封性，及保证实验人员的操作安全性；防爆箱顶部开孔以使加载机构通过；防爆箱的一个侧面、正面及顶部装有红外视窗，红外视窗耐高温高压，同时可透可见光和红外光，高速摄影仪、红外热像仪可通过红外视窗实现原位图像采集和原位温度采集；防爆箱的另一侧面设有耐高温的Kapton窗，可供外接热风枪对防爆箱内的实验电池进行加热；防爆箱背面安装有排气风扇、排气管道，实现实验过程中废气的处理；其中排气管道通过止流阀实现可控分流设计，测试通道安装有流量计、气体分析仪等，可用于电池实验气体的收集及检测分析；防爆箱具有隔温层、泄压阀等防爆安全装置，保证实验安全性；防爆箱内部设有发热电阻丝，可对电池进行加热；防爆箱的底部设有滑动抽取底板，便于实验残骸清理；防爆箱下力学试验机底座上放置有充放电设备、温度测试仪、压力测试仪、简易量热计，均通过防爆箱背面的线孔与防爆箱中的实验电池相连；充放电设备、温度测试仪、压力测试仪、简易量热计均设有基本操作按键可进行简单操作，屏幕可实时显示测量数据，同时有数据传输接口可以与电脑连接。通过铸造、热处理的工艺加工出可变换针头盘和压盘，通过冲压、焊接的工艺加工防爆箱体，并拓展电池的充放电系统、加热系统、排气处理系统，以及各原位测量技术，以满足本发明要求的工况和测试。The invention takes the mechanical testing machine as the basic platform, and the loading mechanism is a convertible needle plate and pressure plate; the explosion-proof box is introduced into the mechanical testing machine through the guide rail, and the box is designed with a controllable sealing structure to realize the sealing of different experimental processes. And to ensure the safety of the experimenters; the top of the explosion-proof box is opened to allow the loading mechanism to pass through; one side, the front and the top of the explosion-proof box are equipped with infrared windows, which are resistant to high temperature and high pressure, and can transmit visible light and infrared light at the same time. The instrument and infrared thermal imager can realize in-situ image acquisition and in-situ temperature acquisition through the infrared window; the other side of the explosion-proof box is equipped with a high-temperature-resistant Kapton window, which can be used for external heat guns to heat the experimental batteries in the explosion-proof box; An exhaust fan and exhaust pipe are installed on the back of the explosion-proof box to realize the treatment of exhaust gas during the experiment; the exhaust pipe realizes a controllable shunt design through a stop valve, and the test channel is equipped with a flow meter, a gas analyzer, etc., which can be used for battery The collection, detection and analysis of experimental gas; the explosion-proof box has explosion-proof safety devices such as temperature insulation layer and pressure relief valve to ensure the safety of the experiment; there is a heating resistance wire inside the explosion-proof box, which can heat the battery; the bottom of the explosion-proof box is equipped with sliding Extract the bottom plate to facilitate the cleaning of experimental debris; the base of the mechanical testing machine under the explosion-proof box is equipped with charging and discharging equipment, temperature testers, pressure testers, and simple calorimeters, all of which pass through the wire holes on the back of the explosion-proof box and the experimental batteries in the explosion-proof box Connected; charging and discharging equipment, temperature tester, pressure tester, and simple calorimeter are all equipped with basic operation buttons for simple operations, the screen can display measurement data in real time, and there is a data transmission interface that can be connected to a computer. Through the process of casting and heat treatment, the convertible needle plate and pressure plate are processed, and the explosion-proof box is processed through the process of stamping and welding, and the charging and discharging system, heating system, exhaust treatment system of the battery, and various in-situ measurement technologies are expanded. To meet the working conditions and tests required by the present invention.
本发明的力学试验机、高速摄影仪、红外热像仪、热风枪、排气风扇、排气管道、流量计、气体分析仪、电阻丝、充放电设备、温度测试仪、压力测试仪、简易量热计无需独立设计，根据实际实验要求匹配。The mechanical testing machine, high-speed camera, infrared thermal imager, heat gun, exhaust fan, exhaust pipe, flow meter, gas analyzer, resistance wire, charging and discharging equipment, temperature tester, pressure tester, simple The calorimeter does not need to be designed independently, but is matched according to the actual experimental requirements.
本发明的具体实施例如下：Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
如图1所示，本发明的电池火灾安全实验系统，是以力学试验机为基础拓展的应用原位测量技术的多功能实验平台。通过高强度钢经过铸造、冷拔、热处理的工艺制成可变换针头盘和压盘，通过钢、隔温材料、防爆玻璃、透过红外玻璃经过冲压、焊接工艺制成防爆箱体。As shown in Fig. 1, the battery fire safety experiment system of the present invention is a multifunctional experiment platform based on a mechanical testing machine and applying in-situ measurement technology. The convertible needle plate and pressure plate are made of high-strength steel through casting, cold drawing and heat treatment, and the explosion-proof box is made of steel, heat insulation material, explosion-proof glass and infrared glass through stamping and welding.
如图1所示，力学试验机的底座1内包含有驱动电机、驱动齿轮、数据采集系统等，力学试验机的量程、速率等可根据实验需求调节。底座1上放置有充放电设备2、温度测试仪3、压力测试仪4、简易量热计5，其中，充放电设备2通过导线与电池相连，从而为电池充放电，能使电池样品达到特定电量，或可用于电池过充实验工况设置；温度测试仪3通过热电偶根据接触式测量原理测得电池表面点温度；压力测试仪4通过压力传感器测得电池在发生火灾安全事故时电池的喷溅压力；简易量热计5通过热电偶测得电池样品的温度，并通过置于防爆箱7的加热电阻丝进行加热电池，可实现简易的电池量热功能或用于电池过热工况的设置；其中，充放电设备2、温度测试仪3、压力测试仪4、简易量热计5均设有基本操作按键可进行简单操作，屏幕可实时显示测量数据，同时有数据传输接口可以与电脑连接。防爆箱7搁置在导轨6上，可移动调整位置，并可锁止。防爆箱7由内外两层钢板组成，中间填充隔温材料；防爆箱体于正前方、顶部、左侧面安装有耐高温高压的透可见光的红外视窗8，可供高速摄像仪9、红外热成像仪10拍摄电池的实验过程影像，获得电池发生火灾安全事故时的瞬间响应和温度场分布；防爆箱体右侧设有耐高温Kapton视窗12，可通过该视窗使用热风枪11对电池进行点加热，从而诱发电池的内部短路和热失控；底部安装有可抽出底板，便于清理实验残骸。防爆箱体的顶部开孔13，能够使可变换针头盘和压盘14、15在箱体内部自由移动，可变换针头盘14可以更换不同直径不同端头类型的针头，可变换压盘15可以与针头盘14互换，以螺旋卡扣固定于加载滑块17上。力学试验机两侧柱壁16内安装有传动机构，将底座1中驱动电机的驱动力传输到加载滑块17，从而使可变换针头盘14和压盘15以设定的速率加载，加载滑块17内安装有力传感器，可以测量加载时候的受力情况。防爆箱背面设有泄压阀和排气扇，可以将废气通过排气管道18排出，其中气体可以通过止流阀19、21控制，进入测试通道20中进行成分检测，测试通20中包含有流量计、气体分析仪等，可用于电池实验气体的收集及检测分析。As shown in Figure 1, the base 1 of the mechanical testing machine includes a driving motor, a driving gear, a data acquisition system, etc., and the range and speed of the mechanical testing machine can be adjusted according to experimental requirements. A charge and discharge device 2, a temperature tester 3, a pressure tester 4, and a simple calorimeter 5 are placed on the base 1, wherein the charge and discharge device 2 is connected to the battery through wires, so as to charge and discharge the battery and make the battery sample reach a certain level. Electricity, or can be used for battery overcharge experimental working condition setting; temperature tester 3 measures the battery surface point temperature through thermocouple according to the contact measurement principle; Splash pressure; the simple calorimeter 5 measures the temperature of the battery sample through a thermocouple, and heats the battery through the heating resistance wire placed in the explosion-proof box 7, which can realize a simple battery calorimetry function or be used for battery overheating conditions. Setting; Among them, charging and discharging equipment 2, temperature tester 3, pressure tester 4, and simple calorimeter 5 are all equipped with basic operation buttons for simple operations, and the screen can display measurement data in real time. At the same time, there is a data transmission interface that can communicate with the computer connect. Explosion-proof box 7 is rested on guide rail 6, can move and adjust position, and can lock. The explosion-proof box 7 is composed of two layers of steel plates inside and outside, and the middle is filled with heat-insulating materials; the explosion-proof box body is equipped with a high-temperature and high-pressure infrared window 8 that is resistant to high temperature and high pressure and can transmit visible light on the front, top, and left side, which can be used for high-speed cameras 9, infrared heat, etc. The imager 10 shoots images of the battery’s experimental process, and obtains the instantaneous response and temperature field distribution of the battery when a fire safety accident occurs; Heating, thereby inducing the internal short circuit and thermal runaway of the battery; the bottom is equipped with a withdrawable bottom plate, which is convenient for cleaning the experimental debris. The top opening 13 of the explosion-proof box can make the changeable needle plate and pressure plate 14, 15 move freely inside the box. The changeable needle plate 14 can replace needles with different diameters and different end types, and the changeable pressure plate 15 can It is interchangeable with the needle plate 14 and fixed on the loading slider 17 with a screw buckle. The transmission mechanism is installed in the column walls 16 on both sides of the mechanical testing machine, which transmits the driving force of the drive motor in the base 1 to the loading slider 17, so that the convertible needle plate 14 and the pressure plate 15 are loaded at a set rate, and the loading slider A force sensor is installed in the block 17, which can measure the force situation when loading. There is a pressure relief valve and an exhaust fan on the back of the explosion-proof box, which can discharge the exhaust gas through the exhaust pipe 18. The gas can be controlled by the stop valves 19 and 21, and enter the test channel 20 for component detection. The test channel 20 contains Flow meters, gas analyzers, etc., can be used for the collection, detection and analysis of battery test gases.
本发明的实验系统可以完成电池在过充、过热、受载条件下触发产生的火灾事故模拟。过充实验时，实验电池置于防爆箱7中，电池正负极通过导线与充放电设备2连接，在充放电设备2可以设置电池的充电倍率、充电时间，实现对电池的过充过程。过热实验时，两种加热方式，一是点加热，利用热风枪11透过Kapton窗12对准电池表面的某个点，加热功率通过热风枪11调节，二是整体加热，加热电阻丝呈线圈状并缠绕在电池表面，电阻丝与简易量热计5相接并通过量热计调节发热功率；其中，可以进行简易量热功能，利用可变换的压盘15把防爆箱顶部的开孔13封闭，防爆箱体夹层为隔温材料，形成密闭的绝热空间，利用电阻丝对电池加热，通过温度测试仪3的热电偶测量电池温度，通过简易量热计5分析电池的温度数据可测量电池的反应动力学参数。受载实验可分为压缩实验和针刺实验，加载机构为可变换针头盘14和压盘15，压盘15和针头盘14可以互换，固定于加载滑块17上，通过压盘15对电池压缩，通过针头14对电池针刺，针头14可变换不同直径不同端头类型。以上实验过程，均可通过温度测试仪3测量电池温度、红外热像仪10采集温度场分布，完成热学特性的测量，压力测试仪4测量压力、高速摄影仪9捕捉动态响应、力学试验机上的力传感器与位移传感器实现加载力和位移的测量，完成力学特性参数的测量；利用简易量热计5通过热电偶测得电池样品的温度，并通过置于防爆箱7的加热电阻丝进行加热电池，可实现简易的电池量热功能，实现反应动力学参数的测量；排气管道18中设有测试通道20以收集、检测和分析电池实验气体。The experimental system of the invention can complete the fire accident simulation triggered by the battery under the conditions of overcharging, overheating and loading. During the overcharge test, the experimental battery is placed in the explosion-proof box 7, and the positive and negative poles of the battery are connected to the charging and discharging device 2 through wires. The charging rate and charging time of the battery can be set in the charging and discharging device 2 to realize the overcharging process of the battery. During the overheating test, there are two heating methods, one is point heating, using the heat gun 11 to aim at a certain point on the battery surface through the Kapton window 12, the heating power is adjusted by the heat gun 11, the other is overall heating, the heating resistance wire is in the form of a coil Shaped and wound on the surface of the battery, the resistance wire is connected to the simple calorimeter 5 and the heating power is adjusted through the calorimeter; among them, the simple calorimetry function can be performed, and the opening 13 on the top of the explosion-proof box is used to convert the pressure plate 15 Closed, the interlayer of the explosion-proof box is made of heat-insulating material to form a closed heat-insulating space. The battery is heated by resistance wire, the temperature of the battery is measured by the thermocouple of the temperature tester 3, and the battery can be measured by analyzing the temperature data of the battery by the simple calorimeter 5. Kinetic parameters of the reaction. The loading experiment can be divided into compression experiment and acupuncture experiment. The loading mechanism is a changeable needle plate 14 and a pressure plate 15. The pressure plate 15 and the needle plate 14 can be interchanged. They are fixed on the loading slider 17. The battery is compressed, and the battery is acupunctured by the needle 14, and the needle 14 can change different diameters and different end types. In the above experimental process, the battery temperature can be measured by the temperature tester 3, the temperature field distribution can be collected by the infrared thermal imager 10, and the measurement of thermal characteristics can be completed. The force sensor and the displacement sensor realize the measurement of the loading force and displacement, and complete the measurement of the mechanical characteristic parameters; use the simple calorimeter 5 to measure the temperature of the battery sample through the thermocouple, and heat the battery through the heating resistance wire placed in the explosion-proof box 7 , can realize simple battery calorimetry function, and realize the measurement of reaction kinetic parameters; a test channel 20 is provided in the exhaust pipe 18 to collect, detect and analyze battery test gas.
提供以上实例仅仅是为了描述本发明的目的，而不是限制本发明的范围。本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。不脱离本发明的精神和原理而做出的各种等同替换和修改，均应涵盖在本发明的范围之内。The above examples are provided only for the purpose of describing the present invention, not limiting the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various equivalent replacements and modifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN110531267A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-03 | 恒大新能源科技集团有限公司 | Battery thermal shock test method and test device |
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| CN116449236A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 泉州经贸职业技术学院 | Energy storage battery production detection device and method thereof |
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