CN107565811A - High-gain Double-input direct-current converter and modulator approach based on switched capacitor network - Google Patents
High-gain Double-input direct-current converter and modulator approach based on switched capacitor network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于开关电容网络的高增益双输入直流变换器及调制方法，包含两个输入源，两个电感，两个功率开关管，一个四开关电容网络单元，一个输出二极管，一个输出滤波电容和负载电阻。四开关电容网络单元包括四个开关电容和四个二极管，通过控制开关管的通断，有效实现电容的充放电。本发明拓扑结构简单，开关器件电压应力小，两路输入源分别提供3倍和2倍于传统Boost变换器的电压增益，实现了两个输入源的高升压变换，并且控制简单灵活，通过控制两路占空比可实现两路输入电流和输出电压的控制，即实现各输入源功率的灵活分配及新能源的最大功率跟踪。
The invention discloses a high-gain double-input DC converter and a modulation method based on a switched capacitor network, which includes two input sources, two inductors, two power switch tubes, a four-switch capacitor network unit, an output diode, and a output filter capacitor and load resistor. The four-switch capacitor network unit includes four switch capacitors and four diodes, and effectively realizes charging and discharging of capacitors by controlling the on-off of the switch tubes. The invention has simple topological structure, small voltage stress of switching devices, and the two input sources respectively provide 3 times and 2 times the voltage gain of the traditional Boost converter, realizing the high boost conversion of the two input sources, and the control is simple and flexible, through Controlling the two-way duty cycle can realize the control of the two-way input current and output voltage, that is, to realize the flexible distribution of the power of each input source and the maximum power tracking of new energy sources.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及直流-直流变换器领域，尤其是一种基于开关电容网络的高增益双输入直流变换器。The invention relates to the field of DC-DC converters, in particular to a high-gain dual-input DC converter based on switched capacitor networks.
背景技术Background technique
随着能源危机和环境污染等问题的日益严重，可再生、清洁的新能源备受关注，其中光伏电池发电应用最为广泛。然而，光伏单元受环境、天气和地域影响较大，其发出的电力不稳定、不连续，需要结合蓄电池等储能单元来构成联合供电系统，保证供电可靠性。With the increasingly serious problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution, renewable and clean new energy sources have attracted much attention, among which photovoltaic cells are the most widely used for power generation. However, photovoltaic units are greatly affected by the environment, weather and region, and the power they generate is unstable and discontinuous. It is necessary to combine energy storage units such as batteries to form a joint power supply system to ensure power supply reliability.
传统的新能源联合供电系统，每种能源形式通过各自的升压变换器变成直流输出，并联在公共的高压直流母线上，再通过并网逆变器向电网或负载供电，其结构复杂，成本较高。为简化电路结构和降低成本，提高器件复用率，可以用一个多输入直流变换器代替多个单输入直流变换器。另外，在单相系统中，电网电压为220VAC，则并网逆变器的直流电压约为380VDC。而光伏电池和蓄电池的输出电压较低，一般为25V～45V，远低于并网逆变器所需的直流电压，传统的Boost变换器将不适用。因此，在新能源联合供电系统中，要求的直流变换器必须同时具有高增益和多输入能力。In the traditional new energy combined power supply system, each energy form is converted into a DC output through its own boost converter, connected in parallel to the common high-voltage DC bus, and then supplied to the grid or load through a grid-connected inverter. Its structure is complex. higher cost. In order to simplify the circuit structure, reduce the cost, and improve the device multiplexing rate, a multi-input DC converter can be used instead of multiple single-input DC converters. In addition, in a single-phase system, the grid voltage is 220VAC, and the DC voltage of the grid-connected inverter is about 380VDC. However, the output voltage of photovoltaic cells and storage batteries is low, generally 25V ~ 45V, which is far lower than the DC voltage required by grid-connected inverters, and traditional Boost converters will not be suitable. Therefore, in the new energy joint power supply system, the required DC converter must have high gain and multi-input capability at the same time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种结构简单、控制方便、具有高电压增益、开关器件电压应力小、灵活分配各输入源功率的基于开关电容网络的高增益双输入直流变换器。The object of the present invention is to provide a high-gain dual-input DC converter based on a switched capacitor network with simple structure, convenient control, high voltage gain, low voltage stress of switching devices, and flexible distribution of power from each input source.
为实现上述目的，采用了以下技术方案：本发明所述直流变换器包括第一输入电源U1、第二输入电源U2、第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第一功率开关管S1、第二功率开关管S2、四开关电容网络单元、输出二极管VDo、输出滤波电容Co和负载电阻R；所述四开关电容网络单元由第一开关电容C1、第二开关电容C2、第三开关电容C3、第四开关电容C4和第一二极管VD1、第二二极管VD2、第三二极管VD3、第四二极管VD4组成；In order to achieve the above object, the following technical solution is adopted: the DC converter of the present invention includes a first input power source U 1 , a second input power source U 2 , a first inductor L 1 , a second inductor L 2 , a first power switch tube S 1 , the second power switch tube S 2 , a four-switch capacitor network unit, an output diode VD o , an output filter capacitor C o and a load resistor R; the four-switch capacitor network unit consists of a first switch capacitor C 1 , a second switch Capacitor C 2 , third switching capacitor C 3 , fourth switching capacitor C 4 and first diode VD 1 , second diode VD 2 , third diode VD 3 , and fourth diode VD 4 ;
第一输入电源U1的正极与第一电感L1的输入端连接；第一电感L1的输出端分别与第一功率开关管S1的漏极、第一开关电容C1的一端连接；第一功率开关管S1的源极分别与第一输入电源U1的负极、第二输入电源U2的负极、第二功率开关管S2的源极、输出滤波电容Co的一端、负载电阻R的一端进行连接；第二输入电源U2的正极与第二电感L2的输入端连接，第二电感L2的输出端分别与第二功率开关管S2的漏极、第三二极管VD3的阳极、第三开关电容C3的一端、第四开关电容C4的一端进行连接；第四开关电容C4的另一端分别与输出二极管VDo的阳极、第四二极管VD4的阴极连接；输出二极管VDo的阴极分别与输出电容Co的另一端、负载电阻R的另一端连接；第一开关电容C1的另一端分别与第二开关电容C2一端、第一二极管VD1阴极、第四二极管VD4阳极连接；第二开关电容C2另一端分别与第二二极管VD2阳极、第三二极管VD3阴极连接；第二二极管VD2阴极分别与第一二极管VD1阳极、第三开关电容C3另一端连接。The anode of the first input power supply U1 is connected to the input end of the first inductor L1 ; the output end of the first inductor L1 is respectively connected to the drain of the first power switch tube S1 and one end of the first switch capacitor C1 ; The source of the first power switch tube S1 is respectively connected to the negative pole of the first input power supply U1, the negative pole of the second input power supply U2, the source pole of the second power switch tube S2, one end of the output filter capacitor C o , and the load One end of the resistor R is connected; the positive pole of the second input power supply U2 is connected to the input end of the second inductance L2, and the output end of the second inductance L2 is respectively connected to the drain of the second power switch tube S2, the third two The anode of the pole tube VD3 , one end of the third switching capacitor C3, and one end of the fourth switching capacitor C4 are connected; the other end of the fourth switching capacitor C4 is respectively connected to the anode of the output diode VD o , the fourth diode The cathode of VD 4 is connected; the cathode of the output diode VD o is respectively connected to the other end of the output capacitor C o and the other end of the load resistor R; the other end of the first switched capacitor C1 is respectively connected to one end of the second switched capacitor C2, the second The cathode of a diode VD 1 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode VD 4 ; the other end of the second switching capacitor C 2 is respectively connected to the anode of the second diode VD 2 and the cathode of the third diode VD 3 ; The cathode of the diode VD2 is respectively connected to the anode of the first diode VD1 and the other end of the third switching capacitor C3.
本发明所述一种基于开关电容网络的高增益双输入直流变换器调制方法，变换器中第一功率开关管S1、第二功率S2采用交错控制策略，驱动相位之间相差180°；第一功率开关管S1、第二功率S2的占空比分别为D1、D2，且D1、D2均大于0.5；通过控制占空比D1、D2来控制两路输入电源功率(电流)的分配：并实现高增益电压输出： A high-gain dual-input DC converter modulation method based on a switched capacitor network according to the present invention, the first power switch tube S 1 and the second power S 2 in the converter adopt an interleaved control strategy, and the difference between the driving phases is 180°; The duty ratios of the first power switch S 1 and the second power S 2 are D 1 and D 2 respectively, and both D 1 and D 2 are greater than 0.5; the two input channels are controlled by controlling the duty ratios D 1 and D 2 Distribution of power supply (current): And achieve high gain voltage output:
式中，Uo为输出电压；Io为输出电流；IL1为第一输入源电流平均值；IL2为第二输入源电流平均值。In the formula, U o is the output voltage; I o is the output current; I L1 is the average value of the first input source current; I L2 is the average value of the second input source current.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1、直流变换器结构简单，通过开关电容倍压，不存在耦合电感和变压器，降低体积和成本；1. The structure of the DC converter is simple, and the voltage is doubled by switching capacitors, and there is no coupling inductor and transformer, which reduces the volume and cost;
2、直流变换器控制简单灵活，通过控制两路占空比可实现两路输入电流和输出电压的控制，即实现各输入源功率的灵活分配及新能源的最大功率跟踪。2. The control of the DC converter is simple and flexible. By controlling the duty cycle of the two channels, the control of the two input currents and the output voltage can be realized, that is, the flexible distribution of the power of each input source and the maximum power tracking of new energy sources can be realized.
3、两路输入源分别提供3倍和2倍于传统Boost变换器的电压增益，实现了两个输入源的高升压变换；3. The two input sources respectively provide 3 times and 2 times the voltage gain of the traditional Boost converter, realizing the high boost conversion of the two input sources;
4、开关管和二极管的电压应力远小于输出电压，可采用低电压等级的开关管和二极管，减小成本和导通损耗。4. The voltage stress of the switch tube and diode is much smaller than the output voltage, and the switch tube and diode of low voltage level can be used to reduce the cost and conduction loss.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明直流变换器的电路结构图。Fig. 1 is a circuit structure diagram of the DC converter of the present invention.
图2是本发明直流变换器的工作波形图。Fig. 2 is a working waveform diagram of the DC converter of the present invention.
图3a是本发明变换器工作在开关模态1时的等效电路。Fig. 3a is an equivalent circuit when the converter of the present invention works in switching mode 1.
图3b是本发明变换器工作在开关模态2时的等效电路。Fig. 3b is an equivalent circuit when the converter of the present invention works in switching mode 2.
图3c是本发明变换器工作在开关模态3时的等效电路。Fig. 3c is an equivalent circuit of the converter of the present invention when it works in switching mode 3.
图3d是本发明变换器工作在开关模态4时的等效电路。Fig. 3d is an equivalent circuit of the converter of the present invention when it works in switching mode 4.
图3e是本发明变换器工作在开关模态5时的等效电路。Fig. 3e is an equivalent circuit when the converter of the present invention works in switching mode 5.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1所示，本发明所述直流变换器包括第一输入电源U1、第二输入电源U2、第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第一功率开关管S1、第二功率开关管S2、四开关电容网络单元、输出二极管VDo、输出滤波电容Co和负载电阻R；所述四开关电容网络单元由第一开关电容C1、第二开关电容C2、第三开关电容C3、第四开关电容C4和第一二极管VD1、第二二极管VD2、第三二极管VD3、第四二极管VD4组成；As shown in Figure 1, the DC converter of the present invention includes a first input power source U 1 , a second input power source U 2 , a first inductor L 1 , a second inductor L 2 , a first power switch tube S 1 , a second Power switch tube S 2 , four switched capacitor network unit, output diode VD o , output filter capacitor C o and load resistor R; the four switched capacitor network unit consists of first switched capacitor C 1 , second switched capacitor C 2 , second switched capacitor The three switch capacitors C 3 , the fourth switch capacitor C 4 and the first diode VD 1 , the second diode VD 2 , the third diode VD 3 , and the fourth diode VD 4 ;
第一输入电源U1的正极与第一电感L1的输入端连接；第一电感L1的输出端分别与第一功率开关管S1的漏极、第一开关电容C1的一端连接；第一功率开关管S1的源极分别与第一输入电源U1的负极、第二输入电源U2的负极、第二功率开关管S2的源极、输出滤波电容Co的一端、负载电阻R的一端进行连接；第二输入电源U2的正极与第二电感L2的输入端连接，第二电感L2的输出端分别与第二功率开关管S2的漏极、第三二极管VD3的阳极、第三开关电容C3的一端、第四开关电容C4的一端进行连接；第四开关电容C4的另一端分别与输出二极管VDo的阳极、第四二极管VD4的阴极连接；输出二极管VDo的阴极分别与输出电容Co的另一端、负载电阻R的另一端连接；第一开关电容C1的另一端分别与第二开关电容C2一端、第一二极管VD1阴极、第四二极管VD4阳极连接；第二开关电容C2另一端分别与第二二极管VD2阳极、第三二极管VD3阴极连接；第二二极管VD2阴极分别与第一二极管VD1阳极、第三开关电容C3另一端连接。The anode of the first input power supply U1 is connected to the input end of the first inductor L1 ; the output end of the first inductor L1 is respectively connected to the drain of the first power switch tube S1 and one end of the first switch capacitor C1 ; The source of the first power switch tube S1 is respectively connected to the negative pole of the first input power supply U1, the negative pole of the second input power supply U2, the source pole of the second power switch tube S2, one end of the output filter capacitor C o , and the load One end of the resistor R is connected; the positive pole of the second input power supply U2 is connected to the input end of the second inductance L2, and the output end of the second inductance L2 is respectively connected to the drain of the second power switch tube S2, the third two The anode of the pole tube VD3 , one end of the third switching capacitor C3, and one end of the fourth switching capacitor C4 are connected; the other end of the fourth switching capacitor C4 is respectively connected to the anode of the output diode VD o , the fourth diode The cathode of VD 4 is connected; the cathode of the output diode VD o is respectively connected to the other end of the output capacitor C o and the other end of the load resistor R; the other end of the first switched capacitor C1 is respectively connected to one end of the second switched capacitor C2, the second The cathode of a diode VD 1 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode VD 4 ; the other end of the second switching capacitor C 2 is respectively connected to the anode of the second diode VD 2 and the cathode of the third diode VD 3 ; The cathode of the diode VD2 is respectively connected to the anode of the first diode VD1 and the other end of the third switching capacitor C3.
如图2所示，第一功率开关管S1、第二功率S2采用交错控制策略，驱动相位之间相差180°；第一功率开关管S1、第二功率S2的占空比分别为D1、D2，且D1、D2均大于0.5；通过控制占空比D1、D2来控制两路输入电源功率(电流)的分配。在一个开关周期内，变换器存在5种工作模态。As shown in Figure 2, the first power switch S 1 and the second power S 2 adopt an interleaved control strategy, and the difference between the driving phases is 180°; the duty ratios of the first power switch S 1 and the second power S 2 are respectively are D 1 and D 2 , and both D 1 and D 2 are greater than 0.5; the distribution of the power (current) of the two input power sources is controlled by controlling the duty ratios D 1 and D 2 . In one switching cycle, the converter has 5 working modes.
如图3a所示，变换器工作在开关模态1：开关管S1导通、S2关断,二极管VD1、VD3导通，二极管VD2、VD4、VDo截止。输入源U1向电感L1储能，电感电流线性上升；电感L2释能，电感电流线性下降；在t0时刻，电容电压uC1-uC2＝uC1-uC3<Uo-uC4，电容C2、C3并联放电同时给电容C1充电，电流路径分别为U2→L2→VD3→C2→C1→S1和U2→L2→C3→VD1→C1→S1。该模式下，变量关系为：As shown in Figure 3a, the converter works in switching mode 1: switch S 1 is on, S 2 is off, diodes VD 1 and VD 3 are on, and diodes VD 2 , VD 4 , and VD o are off. The input source U 1 stores energy in the inductor L 1 , and the inductor current Linear rise; inductance L 2 release energy, the inductor current Decrease linearly; at time t 0 , capacitor voltage u C1 -u C2 =u C1 -u C3 <U o -u C4 , capacitors C 2 and C 3 are discharged in parallel and charge capacitor C 1 at the same time, and the current paths are U 2 → L 2 →VD 3 →C 2 →C 1 →S 1 and U 2 →L 2 →C 3 →VD 1 →C 1 →S 1 . In this mode, the variable relationship is:
iCo＝－io i Co ＝－i o
如图3b所示，变换器工作在开关模态2：开关管S1导通、S2关断,二极管VD1、VD3、VDo导通，二极管VD2、VD4截止。在t1时刻，电容电压uC1-uC2＝uC1-uC3＝Uo-uC4，电容C4开始通过U2→L2→C4→VDo→R放电。该模式下，变量关系为：As shown in Figure 3b, the converter works in switching mode 2: switch S 1 is on, S 2 is off, diodes VD 1 , VD 3 , and VD o are on, and diodes VD 2 and VD 4 are off. At time t 1 , capacitor voltage u C1 -u C2 =u C1 -u C3 =U o -u C4 , capacitor C 4 starts to discharge through U 2 →L 2 →C 4 →VD o →R. In this mode, the variable relationship is:
由于Co>>C1＝C2＝C3＝C4,电容C1～C3支路等效阻抗为C4的3/2倍。Since C o >>C 1 ＝C 2 ＝C 3 ＝C 4 , the equivalent impedance of the capacitor C 1 -C 3 branch is 3/2 times of C 4 .
如图3c所示，变换器工作在开关模态3：开关管S1、S2导通，二极管VD1～VD4、VDo均截止。输入源U1、U2分别给电感L1、L2充电，电容C1～C4既不放电也不充电，电容Co给负载供电。该模式下，变量关系为：As shown in Fig. 3c, the converter works in switching mode 3: the switch tubes S 1 and S 2 are turned on, and the diodes VD 1 -VD 4 and VD o are all turned off. The input sources U 1 and U 2 charge the inductors L 1 and L 2 respectively, the capacitors C 1 to C 4 neither discharge nor charge, and the capacitor C o supplies power to the load. In this mode, the variable relationship is:
iCo＝-io i Co ＝-i o
如图3d所示，变换器工作在开关模态4：开关管S2导通、S1关断，二极管VD2导通，二极管VD1、VD3、VD4、VDo截止。输入源U2向电感L2储能，电感电流线性上升；电感L1释能，电感电流线性下降；在t3时刻，电容电压uC2+uC3-uC1<uC4，电容C1放电同时给电容C2、C3充电，电流路径为U1→L1→C1→C2→VD2→C3→S2，电容Co给负载供电。该模式下，变量关系为：As shown in Figure 3d, the converter works in switching mode 4: switch S 2 is on, S 1 is off, diode VD 2 is on, and diodes VD 1 , VD 3 , VD 4 , and VD o are off. The input source U 2 stores energy in the inductor L 2 , and the inductor current Linear rise; inductor L 1 releases energy, inductor current Linear decline; at time t3 , capacitor voltage u C2 +u C3 -u C1 < u C4 , capacitor C 1 discharges and charges capacitors C 2 and C 3 at the same time, and the current path is U 1 →L 1 →C 1 →C 2 →VD 2 →C 3 →S 2 , the capacitor C o supplies power to the load. In this mode, the variable relationship is:
如图3e所示，变换器工作在开关模态5：开关管S2导通、S1关断,二极管VD2、VD4导通，二极管VD1、VD3、VDo截止。在t4时刻，电容电压uC2+uC3-uC1＝uC4，电容C1给电容C4充电，电流路径为U1→L1→C1→VD4→C4→S2。该模式下，变量关系为：As shown in Fig. 3e, the converter works in switching mode 5: switch S 2 is on, S 1 is off, diodes VD 2 and VD 4 are on, and diodes VD 1 , VD 3 , and VD o are off. At time t 4 , capacitor voltage u C2 +u C3 -u C1 =u C4 , capacitor C 1 charges capacitor C 4 , and the current path is U 1 →L 1 →C 1 →VD 4 →C 4 →S 2 . In this mode, the variable relationship is:
根据电感L1、L2伏秒平衡关系，可得：According to the volt-second balance relationship between the inductors L 1 and L 2 , it can be obtained:
电容电压稳态值满足：The steady-state value of the capacitor voltage satisfies:
根据公式推导得到：According to the formula derivation:
设(t0～t1)、(t1～t2)、(t2～t3)、(t3～t4)、(t4～t5)时间段长度分别为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5，并满足关系式：T1+T2＝(1-D2)Ts,T4+T5＝(1-D1)Ts Suppose (t 0 ～t 1 ), (t 1 ～t 2 ), (t 2 ～t 3 ), (t 3 ～t 4 ), (t 4 ～t 5 ) time period lengths are respectively T 1 and T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , and satisfy the relationship: T 1 +T 2 =(1-D 2 )T s , T 4 +T 5 =(1-D 1 )T s
根据电容C1～C4、Co安秒平衡关系，可得：According to the capacitance C 1 ~ C 4 , C o ampere-second balance relationship, it can be obtained:
化简得到：Simplified to get:
通过控制占空比即可控制两路输入电源功率(电流)的分配。By controlling the duty cycle, the power (current) distribution of the two input power sources can be controlled.
根据图2-3变换器工作原理和开关模态的分析，开关管，二极管电压应力：According to the analysis of the working principle and switching mode of the converter in Figure 2-3, the voltage stress of the switching tube and diode:
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All such modifications and improvements should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. high-gain Double-input direct-current converter based on switched capacitor network, it is characterised in that：The DC converter Including the first input power U1, the second input power U2, the first inductance L1, the second inductance L2, the first power switch tube S1, the second work( Rate switching tube S2, four switched capacitor network units, output diode VDo, output filter capacitor CoWith load resistance R；Described four open Powered-down content network unit is by first switch electric capacity C1, second switch electric capacity C2, the 3rd switching capacity C3, the 4th switching capacity C4With First diode VD1, the second diode VD2, the 3rd diode VD3, the 4th diode VD4Composition；First input power U1Positive pole and the first inductance L1Input connection；First inductance L1Output end respectively with first Power switch tube S1Drain electrode, first switch electric capacity C1One end connection；First power switch tube S1Source electrode it is defeated with first respectively Enter power supply U1Negative pole, the second input power U2Negative pole, the second power switch tube S2Source electrode, output filter capacitor CoOne End, load resistance R one end are attached；Second input power U2Positive pole and the second inductance L2Input connection, second electricity Feel L2Output end respectively with the second power switch tube S2Drain electrode, the 3rd diode VD3Anode, the 3rd switching capacity C3's One end, the 4th switching capacity C4One end be attached；4th switching capacity C4The other end respectively with output diode VDo's Anode, the 4th diode VD4Negative electrode connection；Output diode VDoNegative electrode respectively with output capacitance CoThe other end, load Resistance R other end connection；First switch electric capacity C1The other end respectively with second switch electric capacity C2One end, the first diode VD1 Negative electrode, the 4th diode VD4Anode connects；Second switch electric capacity C2The other end respectively with the second diode VD2Anode, the three or two Pole pipe VD3Negative electrode connects；Second diode VD2Negative electrode respectively with the first diode VD1Anode, the 3rd switching capacity C3The other end Connection.
- A kind of 2. modulation methods of the high-gain Double-input direct-current converter based on switched capacitor network according to claim 1 Method, it is characterised in that：First power switch tube S1, the second power S2Using Interleaved control strategy, differed between driving phase 180°；First power switch tube S1, the second power S2Dutycycle be respectively D1、D2, and D1、D2It is all higher than 0.5；Accounted for by control Sky compares D1、D2To control the distribution of two-way input power power (electric current)：And realize that high gain voltage exports：In formula, UoFor output voltage；IoFor output current；IL1For the first input source current average；IL2For the second input source electricity Levelling average.
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