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CN107500776A - 一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107500776A
CN107500776A CN201710709832.4A CN201710709832A CN107500776A CN 107500776 A CN107500776 A CN 107500776A CN 201710709832 A CN201710709832 A CN 201710709832A CN 107500776 A CN107500776 A CN 107500776A
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boron nitride
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丁云鹏
张锐
高卡
樊磊
郭晓琴
刘军威
王海龙
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Shenzhen Hengyuan Zhida Information Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料领域，公开一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料及其制备方法。由下述重量百分比的原料制成：立方氮化硼粉体30~95%、结合剂5~70%；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；组成a：硅粉2~40%、0<氧化锆≤20%、0<镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱≤5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉为任意重量配比；组成b：金属粉1~10%、硅粉1~30%、0<氧化锆≤20%、0<镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱≤5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉为Ti粉、Al粉中的一种或两种的混合物；SiC粉和Si3N4粉为任意重量配比。本发明制备的PCBN硬度高，高温性能优良。

Description

一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料领域，具体涉及一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
立方氮化硼刀具材料具有高的硬度和耐磨性、稳定的化学性能、高的抗氧化温度，特别适合加工金刚石刀具无法加工的铁基合金材料，因而具有巨大的市场潜力。近年来高速切削和无润滑油切削的提出和应用，使得对刀具材料的高温性能有着更高的要求。
国内生产的立方氮化硼刀具材料性能较低，难以满足使用要求，高性能的立方氮化硼刀具材料主要依赖进口。因而开发高性能的立方氮化硼刀具材料具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为提高聚晶立方氮化硼的高温稳定性和力学性能，本发明的目的旨在提供一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，由下述重量百分比的原料制成：
立方氮化硼粉体30~95%、结合剂5~70%；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；
组成a：硅粉2~40%、0<氧化锆≤20%、0<镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱≤5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉为任意重量配比；
组成b：金属粉1~10%、硅粉 1~30%、0<氧化锆≤20%、0<镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱≤5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉为Ti粉、Al粉中的一种或两种的混合物；SiC粉和Si3N4粉为任意重量配比。
较好地，立方氮化硼粉体粒度为0.1~100μm，更优选0.5~15μm。
最佳地，由下述重量百分比的原料制成：立方氮化硼粉体70%、结合剂30%；所述立方氮化硼粉体粒度为1~8μm；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；
组成a：硅粉10%、氧化锆5%、镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱0.5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为7∶3；
组成b：金属粉3%、硅粉7%、氧化锆5%、镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱0.5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉为Ti粉；SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为7∶3。
所述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
①立方氮化硼粉体处理：将立方氮化硼粉体用10~20 mol/L氢氟酸进行酸洗处理2~4h，将酸洗过的立方氮化硼粉体离心分离，先水洗再用无水乙醇醇洗，然后真空干燥；
②混料：将结合剂与步骤①处理后的立方氮化硼粉体采用干混法混合，或采用湿混法混合，湿混之后进行干燥处理；
③采用下述三种烧结方法中的一种来制备聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料：
高温高压法：将步骤②中混好的粉料装入叶腊石模具中，然后在 200~400 ℃的条件下真空干燥20~40 min；然后将叶腊石模具放入六面顶压机内，在温度为 1200~1700 ℃、压力为4.5~7.5 GPa的条件下烧结10~30 min；
高温低压法：将步骤②中混好的粉料装入石墨模具中，然后将石墨模具放入热压炉内，惰性气氛下在温度为1200~1600 ℃、压力15~50 MPa的条件下烧结10~50 min；
放电等离子体快速烧结法：将步骤②中混好的粉料装入石墨模具中，采用放电等离子体快速烧结法，真空或惰性气氛条件下在1200~1500 ℃烧结1~30 min。
较好地，步骤①中，所述真空干燥为真空干燥箱内40~80 ℃干燥8~12 h。
较好地，步骤③之c中，真空压力<10Pa。
较好地，步骤②为：将结合剂与步骤①处理后的立方氮化硼粉体在二维球磨机内采用湿混法混合均匀，或者在三维混料机内采用干混法或湿混法混合均匀；湿混时加入酒精或水，湿混之后进行干燥处理。
较好地，在二维球磨机内进行混合时，结合剂与立方氮化硼粉体的总重量与磨球重量比为1∶(1~3)，混料时间为4~8 h。
较好地，步骤②中，湿混之后，放于干燥箱内100~140 ℃干燥4~24 h。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明制备的PCBN硬度高，高温性能优良；
2、烧结过程可控性强：采用高温高压法制备的聚晶立方氮化硼硬度较高；采用高温低压法和放电等离子体快速烧结法制备聚晶立方氮化硼时，生产效率高，且具有一定的硬度；
3、通过调整原料立方氮化硼粉体的粒度以及立方氮化硼粉体与结合剂的配比，可以很方便地控制聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的最终性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步解释说明，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，由下述重量百分比的原料制成：
立方氮化硼粉体70%、结合剂30%；所述立方氮化硼粉体粒度为1~8 μm；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；
组成a：硅粉10%、氧化锆5%、镱铝石榴石0.5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为7∶3；
组成b：金属粉3%、硅粉7%、氧化锆5%、镱铝石榴石0.5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉全部为Ti粉；SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为7∶3。
制备方法，包括以下步骤：
①立方氮化硼粉体处理：将立方氮化硼粉体用15 mol/L氢氟酸进行酸洗处理4 h，将酸洗过的立方氮化硼粉体离心分离，先水洗再用无水乙醇醇洗，然后真空干燥箱内80 ℃干燥8 h；
②混料：将结合剂与步骤①处理后的立方氮化硼粉体在二维球磨机内加入去离子水采用湿混法混合均匀，结合剂与立方氮化硼粉体的总重量与磨球重量比为1∶1，混料时间为6h，湿混之后放于干燥箱内120 ℃干燥8 h；
③采用下述高温高压法制备聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料：
将步骤②中混好的粉料装入叶腊石模具中，然后在 300 ℃的条件下真空干燥30 min；然后将叶腊石模具放入六面顶压机内，在温度为 1400 ℃、压力为5 GPa的条件下烧结15min。
实施例2
一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，由下述重量百分比的原料制成：
立方氮化硼粉体90%、结合剂10%；所述立方氮化硼粉体粒度为8~15 μm；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；
组成a：硅粉15%，氧化锆10%、镱铝石榴石1%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为3∶7；
组成b：金属粉3%、硅粉12%、氧化锆10%、镱铝石榴石1%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉一半为Ti粉，一半为Al粉；SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为3∶7。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，由下述重量百分比的原料制成：
立方氮化硼粉体80%、结合剂20%；所述立方氮化硼粉体粒度为1~8μm；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；
组成a：硅粉3%、氧化锆20%、镱铝石榴石5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为5∶5；
组成b：金属粉1%、硅粉2%、氧化锆20%、镱铝石榴石5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉全部为Al粉；SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为5∶5。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，原料的重量百分比组成同实施例1。
制备方法，包括以下步骤：
①立方氮化硼粉体处理：将立方氮化硼粉体用15 mol/L氢氟酸进行酸洗处理4 h，将酸洗过的立方氮化硼粉体离心分离，先水洗再用无水乙醇醇洗，然后真空干燥箱内80 ℃干燥8 h；
②混料：将结合剂与步骤①处理后的立方氮化硼粉体在二维球磨机内加入水采用湿混法混合均匀，结合剂与立方氮化硼粉体的总重量与磨球重量比为1∶1，混料时间为6 h，湿混之后放于干燥箱内120 ℃干燥8 h；
③采用下述放电等离子体快速烧结法制备聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料：
将步骤②中混好的粉料装入石墨模具中，采用放电等离子体快速烧结法，真空条件（压力<10Pa）下在1400℃烧结20 min。
对照例1
与实施例1的不同之处在于：采用TiC代替实施例1中的SiC粉，用TiN代替实施例1中的Si3N4粉，其它均同实施例1。
对照例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于：组成a和b中不含镱铝石榴石，其它均同实施例1。
实施例1-4以及对照例1-2制备出的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的性能数据对比如下表。
从表中可知：制备方法和原料的组成直接影响最后制备的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的性能，但在实施例1的原料组成下，采用高温高压法制备的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的性能最佳。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，其特征在于，由下述重量百分比的原料制成：
立方氮化硼粉体30~95%、结合剂5~70%；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；
组成a：硅粉2~40%、0<氧化锆≤20%、0<镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱≤5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉为任意重量配比；
组成b：金属粉1~10%、硅粉 1~30%、0<氧化锆≤20%、0<镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱≤5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉为Ti粉、Al粉中的一种或两种的混合物；SiC粉和Si3N4粉为任意重量配比。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，其特征在于：立方氮化硼粉体粒度为0.1~100μm。
3.如权利要求2所述的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，其特征在于：立方氮化硼粉体粒度为0.5~15μm。
4.如权利要求3所述的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料，其特征在于：由下述重量百分比的原料制成：立方氮化硼粉体70%、结合剂30%；所述立方氮化硼粉体粒度为1~8μm；所述结合剂的重量百分比组成为下述的组成a或组成b；
组成a：硅粉10%、氧化锆5%、镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱0.5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为7∶3；
组成b：金属粉3%、硅粉7%、氧化锆5%、镱铝石榴石或者氧化镱0.5%，余量为SiC粉和Si3N4粉；其中，所述金属粉为Ti粉；SiC粉和Si3N4粉的重量比为7∶3。
5.一种如权利要求1~4之任一项所述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
①立方氮化硼粉体处理：将立方氮化硼粉体用10~20 mol/L氢氟酸进行酸洗处理2~4h，将酸洗过的立方氮化硼粉体离心分离，先水洗再用无水乙醇洗，然后真空干燥；
②混料：将结合剂与步骤①处理后的立方氮化硼粉体采用干混法混合，或采用湿混法混合，湿混之后进行干燥处理；
③采用下述三种烧结方法中的一种来制备聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料：
a、 高温高压法：
将步骤②中混好的粉料装入叶腊石模具中，然后在 200~400 ℃的条件下真空干燥20~40 min；然后将叶腊石模具放入六面顶压机内，在温度为 1200~1700 ℃、压力为4.5~7.5GPa的条件下烧结10~30 min；
b、高温低压法：
将步骤②中混好的粉料装入石墨模具中，然后将石墨模具放入热压炉内，惰性气氛下在温度为1200~1600 ℃、压力15~50 MPa的条件下烧结10~50 min；
c、 放电等离子体快速烧结法：
将步骤②中混好的粉料装入石墨模具中，采用放电等离子体快速烧结法，真空或惰性气氛条件下在1200~1500 ℃烧结1~30 min。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤①中，所述真空干燥为真空干燥箱内40~80 ℃干燥8~12 h。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤③之c中，真空压力<10Pa。
8.如权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤②为：将结合剂与步骤①处理后的立方氮化硼粉体在二维球磨机内采用湿混法混合均匀，或者在三维混料机内采用干混法或湿混法混合均匀；湿混时加入酒精或水，湿混之后进行干燥处理。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在二维球磨机内进行混合时，结合剂与立方氮化硼粉体的总重量与磨球重量比为1∶(1~3)，混料时间为4~8 h。
10.如权利要求5或8或9所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤②中，湿混之后，放于干燥箱内100~140 ℃干燥4~24 h。
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