CN107500734A - 一种以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
一种以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法，其特征在于：它是由85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料以及1～7wt%的粒度≦200目的工业无机危险废物细粉、1～8 wt%的结合剂制备而成；其中所述陶瓷骨料是由70～90wt%的低品位铝硅质矿物、3～15wt%的工业无机危险废物、1～15wt%的天然石英制备而成。该方法在实现了工业无机危险固废直接回收利用的同时，提高了低品位铝硅质矿物的利用率，获得了质量稳定、耐压强度高、透水性好的陶瓷透水砖，符合循环经济发展的要求，对生态环境的保护会产生积极的促进作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机非金属材料技术领域，具体涉及一种以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷透水砖具有强度大、透水性能好和使用寿命长的特点，能够有效的解决硬化道路透水性差的问题，是改善城市生态环境的重要材料之一。目前，市场上制备陶瓷透水砖的技术多是以陶瓷废料为主要原料，如发明专利“废陶砖制备透水路面砖的方法”（公布号:CN 105110767 A）。此类方法充分利用了废陶瓷的强度高、稳定性好的优点，达到了变废为宝的效果，但单纯利用废陶瓷很难满足目前陶瓷透水砖的生产需求。为加快海绵城市的建设，需要进一步丰富生产陶瓷透水砖的原料。
钢渣具有一定的强度是烧结透水砖的原料之一，如发明专利“钢渣烧结透水砖及其生产方法”（公布号CN 104193300A）,该方法以一般工业固废为原料，解决了钢渣再利用问题，但以钢渣为原料的透水砖受到炼钢工艺限制，成份不能稳定，特别是氧化钙含量高的钢渣长期使用易水化，所准备的透水砖使用寿命较短，后期管理成本高。
以天然矿石为原料能够制备出高性能的陶瓷透水砖。如发明专利“一种以耐火粘土尾矿为原料的陶瓷透水砖的制备方法”（公开号 CN106336201A），可极大的增加陶瓷透水砖的原料来源，减少矿山污染，但该方法但未考虑危险废物在该领域的应用。
危险废物多产于冶金、玻璃、化工等产业中，其数量比较大，治理成本高，如不能较好的处理将会对土壤和地下水产生严重的污染。目前，多数危险废物采用化学反应、填埋、密封隔离等传统方法处理，治理成本高、效率低、安全隐患较大。发明专利“用各种危险废物制造陶粒的方法和生产线”（公布号CN 105439533 A）实现了危险固废在陶粒领域的应用。该方法以危险废物为主要原料制备陶粒，受到多种废物复杂成份的影响，产品的质量很难得到保证。
光伏企业产生的氟化钙污泥、有色冶炼产生的赤泥、纸浆制造产生的白泥和绿泥均是以无机物为主的工业危险废物。这些危险废物与铝硅质粘土配合使用不仅能够制备出性能稳定的陶瓷透水砖产品，还能够较好的稳定工业废物中的有害物质，有利于生态环境的保护，符合循环经济发展的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的正是针对上述现有技术中所存在的不足之处而提供一种以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法。
本发明的目的可通过下述技术措施来实现：
本发明的陶瓷透水砖是由85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料以及1～7wt%的粒度≦200目的工业无机危险废物细粉、1～8 wt%的结合剂制备而成；其中所述陶瓷骨料是由70～90wt%的低品位铝硅质矿物、 3～15wt%的工业无机危险废物、 1～15wt%的天然石英制备而成。
本发明中所述的低品位铝硅质矿物取自软质粘土、高铝矾土、焦宝石、红柱石、高岭石、蓝晶石、长石、煤矸石或硅线石中的任意一种或两种及以上的组合；所述的工业无机危险废物和工业无机危险废物细粉均取自光伏或玻璃加工企业产生的氟化钙污泥、有色冶炼产生的赤泥、纸浆制造产生的白泥或纸浆制造产生的绿泥中的任意一种或两种及以上的组合；所述的结合剂取自水玻璃、纸浆废液、糊精、粘土或膨润土中的任意一种或两种及以上的组合。
本发明的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1）将70～90wt%的低品位铝硅质矿物， 3～15wt%的工业无机危险废物， 1～15wt%的天然石英按照质量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨3～6小时得到混合泥料；
2）将制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型后，在隧道窑或辊道窑中1100～1200℃保温1～3小时条件下烧结，得到的高强度的铝硅质陶瓷；
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷经破碎、筛分、分级后得到不同粒径的高强陶瓷骨料；
4）将85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料、1～7wt%的工业无机危险废物细粉、1～8 wt%的结合剂搅拌均匀，在10～100MPa的条件下成型，经80～120℃干燥1～6小时，然后在1100～1200℃保温1～6小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖。
本发明中所述高强陶瓷骨料的粒径组成如下：3～10目为40～60wt%、10～14目为10～20 wt%、18～200目为20～40wt%。
本发明采用了湿法细磨工艺，将杂质分布不均匀的低品位铝硅质矿和工业危险废物通过细磨、成型、煅烧等工序处理得到组分均匀分布的陶瓷骨料，避免了尾矿和危险废物中杂质聚集的现象，所得到的陶瓷透水砖产品质量稳定、性能优异。经测试，本发明所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度≥40MPa，透水系数为≥1.5×10-2cm/s，磨坑长度≤30mm。
本发明的有益效果如下：
由于本发明采用存储量大且利用率低的低品位铝硅质矿物和较难处理的无机危险废物为主要原料制备陶瓷透水砖，因此能够有效的提高低品位矿产资源的综合利用率，减少危险废物的处理成本，复合循环经济和绿色环保的要求。同时，所制备的陶瓷透水砖性能稳定、强度大、透水性好，能够满足“海绵城市”建设的需求。
具体实施方式
本发明以下将结合实施例作进一步描述：
实施例1
1）将80wt%低品位高铝矾土，3wt%的长石， 10wt%纸浆制造产生的白泥， 7wt%的天然石英按照质量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨5小时得到混合泥料；
2）将制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型后，在隧道窑或辊道窑中1250℃保温8小时条件下烧结，得到的高强度的铝硅质陶瓷。
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级，得到不同粒径的高强陶瓷骨料；
4）将92wt%的陶瓷骨料、4wt%的氟化钙污泥、4wt%的水玻璃，外加上述原料百分比之和的2 wt%的水搅拌均匀，在50MPa的条件下成型后，经100℃干燥3小时，然后在1150℃保温2小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖。
本实施例所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度为42.5MPa，体积密度1.8g/cm3，透水系数为≥1.5×10-2cm/s。
实施例2
（1）将85 wt %的低品位焦宝石，10wt%的有色冶炼产生的赤泥，5wt%的天然石英、按照重量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨6小时得到混合泥料；
2）将制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型后，在隧道窑或辊道窑中1150℃保温3小时条件下烧结，得到高强度的铝硅质陶瓷。
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级，得到不同粒径的高强陶瓷骨料；
4）将92wt%陶瓷骨料、4wt%纸浆制造产生的白泥、4wt%水玻璃，外加上述原料百分比之和的2 wt%水搅拌均匀，在50MPa的条件下成型后，经100℃干燥3小时，然后在1180℃保温2小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖。
本实施例所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度为40.5MPa，体积密度1.75g/cm3，透水系数为≥1.6×10-2cm/s。
实施例3
（1）将86wt %的低品位高岭石，9wt%的氟化钙污泥，5wt%的天然石英，按照重量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨5小时得到混合泥料；
（2）将制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型后，在隧道窑或辊道窑中1180℃保温2小时条件下烧结，得到的高强度的铝硅质陶瓷。
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷破碎、筛分、分级，得到不同粒径的高强陶瓷骨料；
4）将90wt%陶瓷骨料、6wt%纸浆制造产生的绿泥、4wt%膨润土，外加上述原料百分比之和的2 wt%水搅拌均匀，在50MPa的条件下成型后，经100℃干燥3小时，然后在1180℃保温2小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖。
本实施例所制备的陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度为48.5MPa，体积密度1.9g/cm3，透水系数为≥1.3×10-2cm/s。
Claims (7)
1.一种以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖，其特征在于：它是由85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料以及1～7wt%的粒度≦200目的工业无机危险废物细粉、1～8wt%的结合剂制备而成；其中所述陶瓷骨料是由70～90wt%的低品位铝硅质矿物、 3～15wt%的工业无机危险废物、 1～15wt%的天然石英制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖，其特征在于：所述的低品位铝硅质矿物取自软质粘土、高铝矾土、焦宝石、红柱石、高岭石、蓝晶石、长石、煤矸石或硅线石中的任意一种或两种及以上的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖，其特征在于：所述的工业无机危险废物和工业无机危险废物细粉均取自光伏或玻璃加工企业产生的氟化钙污泥、有色冶炼产生的赤泥、纸浆制造产生的白泥或纸浆制造产生的绿泥中的任意一种或两种及以上的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的以工业无机危险废物和低品位铝硅质矿物为原料的陶瓷透水砖，其特征在于：所述的结合剂取自水玻璃、纸浆废液、糊精、粘土或膨润土中的任意一种或两种及以上的组合。
5.一种用于制备权利要求1所述的陶瓷透水砖的方法，其特征在于：它包括如下步骤实现：
1）将70～90wt%的低品位铝硅质矿物， 3～15wt%的工业无机危险废物， 1～15wt%的天然石英按照质量比例混合，加水和研磨球，在滚筒磨中细磨3～6小时得到混合泥料；
2）将制备的混合泥料经干燥、造粒、成型后，在隧道窑或辊道窑中1100～1200℃保温1～3小时条件下烧结，得到的高强度的铝硅质陶瓷；
3）将制备的铝硅质陶瓷经破碎、筛分、分级后得到不同粒径的高强陶瓷骨料；
4）将85～95wt%的陶瓷骨料、1～7wt%的工业无机危险废物细粉、1～8 wt%的结合剂搅拌均匀，在10～100MPa的条件下成型，经80～120℃干燥1～6小时，然后在1100～1200℃保温1～6小时条件下烧成，得到陶瓷透水砖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：所述高强陶瓷骨料的粒径组成如下：3～10目为40～60wt%、10～14目为10～20 wt%、18～200目为20～40wt%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：所述陶瓷透水砖的耐压强度≥40MPa，透水系数为≥1.5×10-2cm/s，磨坑长度≤30mm。
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| CN109020494A (zh) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-18 | 佛山皖和新能源科技有限公司 | 一种复合透水砖的制备方法 |
| CN117209259A (zh) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-12-12 | 山东理工大学 | 铝硅质复合预制件及其制备方法 |
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| CN108117382B (zh) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-10-09 | 郑州大学 | 一种以霞石为主要原料的一次烧成陶瓷透水砖及其制备方法 |
| CN109020494A (zh) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-18 | 佛山皖和新能源科技有限公司 | 一种复合透水砖的制备方法 |
| CN117209259A (zh) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-12-12 | 山东理工大学 | 铝硅质复合预制件及其制备方法 |
| CN117209259B (zh) * | 2023-08-10 | 2024-03-08 | 山东理工大学 | 铝硅质复合预制件及其制备方法 |
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