CN107437610A - 用于可再充电锂电池的正极和包括其的可再充电锂电池 - Google Patents
用于可再充电锂电池的正极和包括其的可再充电锂电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107437610A CN107437610A CN201710377300.5A CN201710377300A CN107437610A CN 107437610 A CN107437610 A CN 107437610A CN 201710377300 A CN201710377300 A CN 201710377300A CN 107437610 A CN107437610 A CN 107437610A
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- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021435 silicon-carbon complex Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011867 silicon-carbon complex material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
提供了一种用于可再充电锂电池的正极和一种包括该正极的可再充电锂电池。所述正极包括集流体和设置在集流体上的正极活性材料层,其中,正极活性材料层包括正极活性材料和含Fe氧化物,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,以大约0.015重量份至大约8.5重量份的量包括含Fe氧化物。
Description
技术领域
公开了一种用于可再充电锂电池的正极和一种包括所述正极的可再充电锂电池。
背景技术
近来,可再充电锂电池作为用于小型便携式电子装置的电源已经受到关注。可再充电锂电池使用有机电解质溶液,因此具有比使用碱性水溶液的传统电池高两倍或更高的放电电压,所以可再充电锂电池具有高能量密度。
对于可再充电锂电池的正极活性材料,已经使用具有能够嵌入锂离子的结构的锂-过渡金属氧化物(诸如LiCoO2、LiMn2O4和LiNi1-xCoxO2(0<x<1)等)。
对于负极活性材料,已经使用嵌入和脱嵌锂离子的诸如人造石墨、天然石墨和硬碳的各种碳基负极活性材料以及诸如氧化锡和锂钒基氧化物等的氧化物负极活性材料。
发明内容
一个实施例提供了一种具有提高的锂利用率的用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
另一实施例提供了一种由于所述正极而具有高容量的可再充电锂电池。
根据一个实施例,一种用于可再充电锂电池的正极包括集流体和设置在集流体上的正极活性材料层,其中,所述正极活性材料层包括正极活性材料和含Fe氧化物,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,以大约0.015重量份至大约8.5重量份的量包括所述含Fe氧化物。
含Fe氧化物可以是Li5FeO4、LiFeO2、LiFe5O8或它们的组合。
按每100重量份的正极活性材料计,正极活性材料层可以包括大约0.08重量份至大约4.0重量份的含Fe氧化物。
含Fe氧化物的粒径(D50)可以在大约0.5μm至大约3μm的范围。
正极活性材料可以是由化学式1表示的化合物。
[化学式1]
LiaCo1-bMbO2
在化学式1中,0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,并且M选自于Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、稀土元素和它们的组合。
根据另一实施例,一种可再充电锂电池包括正极、负极和电解质,所述正极包括正极活性材料和Fe,所述负极包括负极活性材料,其中,基于100wt%的正极活性材料,Fe的含量在大约0.005wt%至大约3wt%的范围。
可再充电锂电池包括正极,所述正极包括集流体和设置在集流体上的正极活性材料层,其中,正极活性材料层包括正极活性材料和含Fe氧化物,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,以大约0.015重量份至大约8.5重量份的量包括所述含Fe氧化物,所述可再充电锂电池是通过在大约0.05C至大约0.1C执行充电和放电1至3次来制造的。
负极活性材料可以是碳基负极活性材料。
其他实施例被包括在下面的详细描述中。
根据实施例的用于可再充电锂电池的正极呈现出改善了的锂利用率并提供具有高容量的可再充电锂电池。
附图说明
图1是示出根据实施例的正极活性材料的结构的示意图。
图2是示出根据示例1至示例10与对比示例1、对比示例4和对比示例6的单体的容量利用率的图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,详细地描述实施例。然而,这些实施例是示例性的,本公开不限于此。
根据实施例的用于可再充电锂电池的正极包括集流体和设置在集流体上的正极活性材料层,其中,所述正极活性材料层包括正极活性材料和含Fe氧化物,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,以大约0.015重量份至大约8.5重量份的量的包括所述含Fe氧化物。
基于100重量份的正极活性材料,可以以大约0.08重量份至大约4.0重量份的量包括含Fe氧化物。
通常,当通过使用锂钴基氧化物作为正极活性材料并且使用诸如石墨的碳基材料作为负极活性材料制造电池时,由于负极的初始效率比正极的初始效率低,因此基于负极的初始效率将电池设计为具有初始充电和放电效率,但是为了获得最大的电池容量,将正极和负极设计为具有相似的不可逆容量。换言之,可以通过从正极的充电容量中减去正极或负极的最大不可逆容量获得电池容量,本发明在于减小正极的不可逆容量。
包括于正极活性材料中的一部分Li在充放电过程中参与在负极的表面上形成SEI(固体电解质界面)膜,并且转换为不再参与充放电反应的不可逆Li。因此,会使电池容量降低。根据实施例的含Fe氧化物是起到补偿不可逆Li的牺牲正极的作用的化合物从而在化成工艺期间分解并提供Li但是不参与随后的充放电过程。对于提供Li,当Li5FeO4示例为含Fe氧化物时,Li5FeO4相对于Li可以在3.7V至3.9V之间分解并且可以提供四个Li。当在所述含量范围内使用含Fe氧化物时,含Fe氧化物会充分地补偿不可逆Li从而提高正极活性材料的利用率。当低于所述含量范围使用含Fe氧化物时,不可逆Li不会被充分地补偿,但是,当以过度的量使用含Fe氧化物时,反而会降低正极活性材料的利用率。
当使用Li6MnO4代替含Fe氧化物时,Li6MnO4具有显著低于含Fe氧化物的电化学特性,因此不会适当地获得期望效果;当使用Li6CoO4时,Li6CoO4在充放电过程中分解并形成Li2O和CoO,CoO在电解质中溶解为Co2+并在负极析出Co从而不适当地劣化了电池特性。
含Fe氧化物可以是Li5FeO4、LiFeO2、LiFe5O8或它们的组合,这里,更期望的是Li5FeO4,因为Li5FeO4可以提供更多的Li,因此在化成工艺中比其他物质补偿更多的不可逆Li从而增强牺牲正极的效果。
含Fe氧化物的粒径(D50)可以在大约0.5μm至大约3μm的范围。当含Fe氧化物具有在所述范围内的粒径(D50)时,可以在正极制造过程中更多地改善活性物的密度。在说明书中,可以利用PSA(Mastersizer 2000,马尔文(Malvern)仪器)设备使用激光衍射技术来确定D50。
在本说明书中,“活性物”指活性材料、粘结剂和可选择地导电材料的混合物。将该混合物混合在溶剂中以获得浆料型活性材料组成物,将这种活性材料组成物涂覆在集流体上,然后进行干燥,从而形成被称为活性物层的活性材料层。活性物和活性物层的定义是众所周知的,因此将不进行详细说明。
此外,活性物的密度是指每单位体积的正极的活性物重量。
如这里使用的,当不另外提供定义时,粒径(D50)是指在颗粒分布中累积体积大约为50体积%的颗粒。
正极活性材料可以是由化学式1表示的化合物。
[化学式1]
LiaCo1-bMbO2
在化学式1中,0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,并且M选自于Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、稀土元素和它们的组合。
当将用上述化学式1表示的化合物用作正极活性材料时,可以更多地产生不可逆Li,还可以将含Fe氧化物用于正极以使补偿不可逆Li的效果最大化。
正极活性材料的平均粒径(D50)可以在大约15μm至23μm的范围。当正极活性材料具有在所述范围内的平均粒径(D50)时,这种正极活性材料可以提高正极的活性物密度,因此更多地提高电池的能量密度。
正极活性材料层还可以包括粘结剂和导电材料。当正极活性材料层还包括粘结剂和导电材料时,基于正极活性材料层的总量,可以以90wt%至98wt%的量使用正极活性材料和含Fe氧化物。这里,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,可以以大约0.015重量份至大约8.5重量份的量混合含Fe氧化物。
基于正极活性材料层的总量,粘结剂的含量可以是大约1wt%至大约5wt%,基于正极活性材料层的总量,导电材料的含量可以是大约1wt%至大约5wt%。
粘结剂改善正极活性材料颗粒彼此间的粘结性质以及正极活性材料颗粒与集流体的粘结性质。粘结剂的示例可以是聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、二乙酰基纤维素、聚氯乙烯、羧化的聚氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、含亚乙基氧的聚合物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丁苯橡胶、丙烯酸(酯)化的丁苯橡胶、环氧树脂和尼龙等,但不限于此。
包括导电材料用来提供电极导电性。可以使用任何导电材料作为导电材料,除非它引起化学变化。导电材料的示例可以是:诸如天然石墨、人造石墨、炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑和碳纤维等的碳基材料;包括铜、镍、铝和银等的金属粉或金属纤维的金属基材料;诸如聚亚苯基衍生物的导电聚合物;或者它们的混合物。
集流体可以是Al,但不限于此。
另一实施例提供了包括正极、负极和电解质的可再充电锂电池,所述正极包括正极活性材料和Fe,所述负极包括负极活性材料。这里,基于100wt%的正极活性材料,Fe的含量在大约0.005wt%至大约3wt%(例如,大约0.02wt%至大约1wt%)的范围。
可以通过使用上述正极(即,包括集流体和正极活性材料层的正极)并且以大约0.05C至大约0.1C执行充电和放电1至3次来制造可再充电锂电池,所述正极活性材料层形成在集流体上并包括正极活性材料和含Fe氧化物,其中,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,以大约0.015重量份至大约8.5重量份的量使用含Fe氧化物。
当通过使用包括含Fe氧化物的正极制造的电池以大约0.05C至大约0.1C被充电和放电1至3次(即,通过化成工艺)时,含Fe氧化物可以分解并且作为Fe保持在最终电池中。
负极包括集流体和负极活性材料层,所述负极活性材料层设置在集流体上并包括负极活性材料。
负极活性材料包括可逆地嵌入/脱嵌锂离子的材料、锂金属、锂金属合金、能够掺杂/脱掺杂锂的材料或者过渡金属氧化物。
能够可逆地嵌入/脱嵌锂离子的材料包括碳材料。碳材料可以是锂离子可再充电电池中任何常用的碳基负极活性材料。碳材料的示例包括结晶碳、非晶碳和它们的混合物。结晶碳可以是无定形的或者板形的、薄片形的、球形的或纤维形的天然石墨或人造石墨。非晶碳可以是软碳、硬碳、中间相沥青碳化产物和烧制焦炭等。
锂金属合金包括锂与选自于Na、K、Rb、Cs、Fr、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Si、Sb、Pb、In、Zn、Ba、Ra、Ge、Al和Sn的元素。
能够掺杂/脱掺杂锂的材料可以包括Si、Si-C复合物、SiOx(0<x<2)、Si-Q合金(其中,Q是选自于碱金属、碱土金属、第13族元素、第14族元素、第15族元素、第16族元素、过渡元素、稀土元素以及它们的组合的元素,但不是Si)、Sn、SnO2和Sn-R合金(其中,R是选自于碱金属、碱土金属、第13族元素、第14族元素、第15族元素、第16族元素、过渡元素、稀土元素以及它们的组合的元素,但不是Sn)等。可以将这些材料中的至少一种与SiO2混合。元素Q和元素R可以选自于Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Pb、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、Sn、In、Tl、Ge、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po以及它们的组合。
过渡金属氧化物包括氧化钒和钒酸锂等。
在实施例中,当碳基负极活性材料用作负极活性材料时,通过使用根据实施例的正极使Li利用率最大化,使电池容量最大化的效果可以被最大化。
在负极活性材料层中,基于负极活性材料层的整体重量,可以以大约95wt%至大约99wt%的量使用负极活性材料。
在实施例中,负极活性材料层包括粘结剂和可选择地导电材料。基于负极活性材料层的总重量,负极活性材料层可以包括大约1wt%至大约5wt%的粘结剂。当负极活性材料层包括导电材料时,负极活性材料层包括大约90wt%至大约98wt%的负极活性材料、大约1wt%至大约5wt%的粘结剂以及大约1wt%至大约5wt%的导电材料。
粘结剂改善负极活性材料颗粒彼此间的粘结性质以及负极活性材料颗粒与集流体的粘结性质。粘结剂包括非水溶性粘结剂、水溶性粘结剂或它们的组合。
非水溶性粘结剂包括聚氯乙烯、羧化的聚氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、含亚乙基氧的聚合物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酰胺或它们的组合。
水溶性粘结剂可以是橡胶基粘结剂或聚合物树脂粘结剂。橡胶基粘结剂可以选自于丁苯橡胶、丙烯酸(酯)化的丁苯橡胶(SBR)、丁腈橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶、丁基橡胶、氟橡胶以及它们的组合。聚合物树脂粘结剂可以选自于乙烯丙烯共聚物、聚氯甲代氧丙环、多磷腈、聚丙烯腈、聚苯乙烯、三元乙丙共聚物、聚乙烯吡啶、氯磺化聚乙烯、胶乳、聚酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇和它们的组合。
当水溶性粘结剂用作负极粘结剂时,还可以将纤维素类化合物用作增粘剂以提供粘度。纤维素类化合物包括羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素或它们的碱金属盐中的一种或更多种。碱金属可以是Na、K或Li。基于100重量份的负极活性材料,可以以大约0.1重量份至大约3重量份的量包括该增粘剂。
包括导电材料以提供电极导电性。可以使用任何电学导电材料作为导电材料,除非它引起化学变化。导电材料的示例包括:诸如天然石墨、人造石墨、炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑和碳纤维等的碳基材料;包括铜、镍、铝和银等的金属粉或金属纤维的金属基材料;诸如聚亚苯基衍生物的导电聚合物;或者它们的混合物。
集流体可以包括选自于铜箔、镍箔、不锈钢箔、钛箔、泡沫镍、泡沫铜、涂覆有导电金属的聚合物基底以及它们的组合中的一种,但不限于此。
通过将各活性材料、导电材料和粘结剂混合在溶剂中来制备活性材料组成物,并将该组成物涂覆在集流体上,可以分别制造出负极和正极。电极制造方法是众所周知的,因此在本说明中不进行详细描述。溶剂包括N-甲基吡咯烷酮等,但不限于此。当负极使用水溶性粘结剂时,用于制备负极活性组成物的溶剂可以是水。
电解质包括非水有机溶剂和锂盐。
非水有机溶剂用作用于传输参与电池的电化学反应的离子的媒介。
有机溶剂可以包括碳酸酯类溶剂、酯类溶剂、醚类溶剂、酮类溶剂、醇类溶剂或非质子溶剂。
碳酸酯类溶剂可以包括碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二丙酯(DPC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)、碳酸乙丙酯(EPC)、碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)和碳酸亚丁酯(BC)等。酯类溶剂可以包括例如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸1,1-二甲基乙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、癸内酯、甲瓦龙酸内酯和己内酯等。醚类溶剂可以是二丁醚、四甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇二甲醚、二甲氧基乙烷、2-甲基四氢呋喃和四氢呋喃等。酮类溶剂可以是环己酮等。醇类溶剂可以包括乙醇和异丙醇等,非质子溶剂可以包括诸如R-CN(其中R是C2-C20的直链、支链或环烃、双键、芳环或醚键)的腈类、诸如二甲基甲酰胺的酰胺、诸如1,3-二氧戊环的二氧戊环衍生物和环丁砜等。
有机溶剂可以单独地或以混合物使用。当以混合物使用有机溶剂时,可以根据期望的电池性能来控制混合物比例。
碳酸酯类溶剂可以包括环状碳酸酯和链状碳酸酯的混合物。以大约1:1至大约1:9的体积比将环状碳酸酯和链状碳酸酯混合在一起。当将该混合物用作电解质时,它可以具有增强的性能。
有机溶剂还可以包括芳烃类溶剂和碳酸酯类溶剂。可以以大约1:1至大约30:1的体积比将碳酸酯类溶剂和芳烃类溶剂混合在一起。
芳烃类有机溶剂可以是由化学式2表示的芳烃类化合物。
[化学式2]
在化学式2中,R1至R6是相同或不同的并且选自于氢、卤素、C1至C10的烷基、卤代烷基和它们的组合。
芳烃类有机溶剂的具体示例可以选自于苯、氟苯、1,2-二氟苯、1,3-二氟苯、1,4-二氟苯、1,2,3-三氟苯、1,2,4-三氟苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、1,3-二氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、1,2,3-三氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、碘苯、1,2-二碘苯、1,3-二碘苯、1,4-二碘苯、1,2,3-三碘苯、1,2,4-三碘苯、甲苯、氟代甲苯、2,3-二氟代甲苯、2,4-二氟代甲苯、2,5-二氟代甲苯、2,3,4-三氟代甲苯、2,3,5-三氟代甲苯、三氯甲苯、2,3-二氯甲苯、2,4-二氯甲苯、2,5-二氯甲苯、2,3,4-三氯甲苯、2,3,5-三氯甲苯、碘甲苯、2,3-二碘甲苯、2,4-二碘甲苯、2,5-二碘甲苯、2,3,4-三碘甲苯、2,3,5-三碘甲苯、二甲苯和它们的组合。
电解质还可以包括改善碳酸亚乙烯酯或由化学式3表示的碳酸亚乙酯类化合物的循环寿命的添加剂以改善循环寿命。
[化学式3]
在化学式3中,R7和R8是相同或不同的并且可以各自单独地是氢、卤素、氰基(CN)、硝基(NO2)或C1至C5的氟烷基,如果R7和R8中的至少一个是卤素、氰基(CN)、硝基(NO2)或C1至C5的氟烷基,则R7和R8不同时是氢。
碳酸亚乙酯类化合物的示例包括二氟碳酸亚乙酯、氯代碳酸亚乙酯、二氯碳酸亚乙酯、溴代碳酸亚乙酯、二溴碳酸亚乙酯、硝基碳酸亚乙酯、氰基碳酸亚乙酯和氟代碳酸乙烯酯等。
可以在适当的范围内灵活地使用用于改善循环寿命的添加剂的量。
溶解在有机溶剂中的锂盐向电池提供锂离子,使可再充电锂电池从根本上工作,并改善锂离子在正极和负极之间的传输。锂盐的示例包括选自于LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiN(SO3C2F5)2、LiC4F9SO3、LiClO4、LiAlO2、LiAlCl4、LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)(其中,x和y是自然数,例如1至20的整数)、LiCl、LiI和LiB(C2O4)2(二草酸硼酸锂,LiBOB)中的至少一种支持盐。可以以大约0.1M至大约2.0M的范围的浓度使用锂盐。当以上述浓度范围包括锂盐时,由于最佳的电解质导电率和粘度,使得电解质可以具有优异的性能和锂离子迁移率。
根据电池的种类,可再充电锂电池还可以包括在负极与正极之间的隔膜。合适的隔膜材料的示例包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯和它们的多层,诸如聚乙烯/聚丙烯双层隔膜、聚乙烯/聚丙烯/聚乙烯三层隔膜和聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯三层隔膜。
图1是示出根据实施例的可再充电锂电池的分解透视图。根据实施例的可再充电锂电池被示出为棱柱状可再充电锂电池但不限于此,并且可以包括诸如圆柱状电池和袋状电池等的各种形状的电池。
参照图1,根据实施例的可再充电锂电池100包括通过卷绕置于正极10和负极20之间的隔膜30制造而成的电极组件40以及容纳电极组件40的壳50。电解质(未示出)可以浸渍在正极10、负极20和隔膜30中。
在下文中,描述了本发明的示例和对比示例。然而,在任何意义上不将这些示例解释为限制本发明的范围。
(制备示例1)
将Li2CO3和Co3O4混合以在最终产物中具有1:1的Li:Co摩尔比,并且将该混合物在空气气氛下在1100℃焙烧10小时以制造LiCoO2。
将该LiCoO2粉末化以制备具有20μm的平均粒径(D50)的LiCoO2正极活性材料。
(制备示例2)
将LiOH·H2O和Fe2O3混合以在最终产物中具有5:1的Li:Fe摩尔比,并且将该混合物在N2气氛下在700℃焙烧10小时以制造Li5FeO4。
将Li5FeO4粉末化以制备具有2μm的平均粒径(D50)的Li5FeO4。
(示例1)
将根据制备示例1的LiCoO2正极活性材料与根据制备示例2的Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:0.8份的比例进行混合。将96wt%的该混合物、2wt%的聚偏二氟乙烯、2wt%的科琴黑混合在N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,以制备正极活性材料浆料。
将正极活性材料浆料涂覆在Al集流体上,然后进行干燥并压制,从而制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例2)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:1.6份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例3)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:4.9份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例4)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:8.3份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例5)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:3份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例6)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:3.5份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例7)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:4份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例8)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:5.5份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例9)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:6.3份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(示例10)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:7份的比例进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(对比示例1)
将根据制备示例1的96wt%的LiCoO2正极活性材料、2wt%的聚偏二氟乙烯和2wt%的科琴黑混合在N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,以制备正极活性材料浆料。
将正极活性材料浆料涂覆在Al集流体上,然后进行干燥并压制,从而制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(对比示例2)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:17.65份的重量比进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(对比示例3)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:11.9份的重量比进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(对比示例4)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:9份的重量比进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
(对比示例5)
除了将LiCoO2正极活性材料与Li5FeO4按重量计以100份:10份的重量比进行混合之外,根据与示例1相同的方法制造用于可再充电锂电池的正极。
Fe含量的测量
将98wt%的人造石墨和2wt%的聚偏二氟乙烯混合在N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,以制备负极活性材料浆料。
将负极活性材料浆料涂覆在Cu集流体上,然后进行干燥并压制,从而制造用于可再充电锂电池的负极。
使用负极、根据示例1至示例4和对比示例1至对比示例3的每个正极以及电解质溶液来制造可再充电锂电池单体。这里,通过将1.0M LiPF6溶于碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸二乙酯的混合溶剂(7:3的体积比)中来制备电解质溶液。
将可再充电锂电池单体在0.1C充电和放电1次以执行化成工艺。在化成工艺之后,通过ICP(电感耦合等离子体)方法测量每个正极中包括的Fe含量,并且将这些结果转换成mol%和wt%的单位,然后在表1中示出。
表1
Fe含量(mol%)(wt%) | |
示例1 | 0.495mol%(0.3wt%) |
示例2 | 1.015mol%(0.58wt%) |
示例3 | 2.983mol%(1.8wt%) |
示例4 | 4.871mol%(3wt%) |
对比示例1 | 0.008mol%(0.001wt%) |
对比示例2 | 14.92mol%(10wt%) |
对比示例3 | 6.910mol%(4.3wt%) |
*电池特性评价
在化成工艺之后,将每个可再充电锂电池单体在3.0V至4.55V和0.1C充电和放电1次,测量其充电容量和放电容量以及初始库伦效率(ICE,化成效率),并且在表2中示出结果。
表2
*正极的利用率测量
将98wt%的人造石墨和2wt%的聚偏二氟乙烯混合在N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂中,以制备负极活性材料浆料。
将负极活性材料浆料涂覆在Cu集流体上,然后进行干燥并压制,从而制造用于可再充电锂电池单体的负极。
使用负极、根据示例1至示例10与对比示例1、对比示例4、对比示例5的每个正极以及电解质溶液来制造可再充电锂电池单体。这里,通过将1.0M LiPF6溶于碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸二乙酯的混合溶剂(7:3的体积比)中来制备电解质溶液。
使用可再充电锂电池单体测量容量利用率。
通过在0.2C、CC/CV(恒定电流/恒定电压)和4.45V的条件下对这些单体进行充电然后测量充电容量,另外在0.2C、CC和3.0V的条件下对这些单体进行放电然后测量放电容量,并且用充电容量除放电容量,测得容量利用率。
结果示出在图2中。在图2中,LFO含量指Li5FeO4的基于100重量份的LiCoO2正极活性材料的混合比。如图2中所示,与使用根据对比示例1的不使用Li5FeO4的正极的单体和使用根据对比示例4和对比示例5的使用过量的Li5FeO4的正极的单体相比,使用根据示例1至示例10的基于100重量份的LiCoO2正极活性材料使用0.8重量份至8.3重量份的Li5FeO4的正极的单体表现出优异的容量利用率。
虽然已经结合目前被视为实际的示例实施例描述了本公开,但是将理解的是,本发明不限于公开的实施例,而是相反,本发明意图涵盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种修改和等效布置。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于可再充电锂电池的正极,所述正极包括:
集流体;
正极活性材料层,设置在所述集流体上,
其中,所述正极活性材料层包括正极活性材料和含Fe氧化物,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,以0.015重量份至8.5重量份的量包括所述含Fe氧化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的正极,其中,所述含Fe氧化物是Li5FeO4、LiFeO2、LiFe5O8或它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的正极,其中,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,正极活性材料层包括0.08重量份至4.0重量份的含Fe氧化物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的正极,其中,含Fe氧化物的粒径D50在0.5μm至3μm的范围。
5.根据权利要求1所述的正极,其中,正极活性材料是由化学式1表示的化合物,
[化学式1]
LiaCo1-bMbO2
其中,在化学式1中,0.90≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.5,并且M选自于Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、稀土元素和它们的组合。
6.一种可再充电锂电池,所述可再充电锂电池包括:
正极,包括正极活性材料和Fe;
负极,包括负极活性材料;以及
电解质,
其中,基于100wt%的正极活性材料,所述Fe的含量在0.005wt%至3wt%的范围。
7.根据权利要求6所述的可再充电锂电池,其中,所述正极还包括集流体和设置在所述集流体上的正极活性材料层,其中,所述正极活性材料层包括所述正极活性材料和含有所述Fe的氧化物,基于100重量份的正极活性材料,以0.015重量份至8.5重量份的量包括所述氧化物,所述可再充电锂电池是通过在0.05C至0.1C执行充电和放电1至3次来制造的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的可再充电锂电池,其中,所述负极活性材料是碳基负极活性材料。
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