CN107420911A - A kind of garbage combustion device and method of calorific value wide adaptation range - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a garbage incineration device with a wide range of calorific values, which includes an incineration furnace and a rotating airfoil arch mechanism. Sealing parts, couplings and motors, one end of the transmission shaft is fixed to the rotating airfoil arch, the other end passes through the furnace wall and is connected to the motor through the coupling, and the bearing is arranged between the transmission shaft and the furnace wall. The sealing part is arranged at the gap between the transmission shaft and the furnace wall, and the rotating airfoil arch is driven by the motor to rotate at an appropriate angle. The invention also discloses a garbage incineration method with a wide range of calorific values. The invention adopts the design of the rotating airfoil arch, and by rotating at a suitable angle, the radiant heat during garbage incineration can be adjusted, the temperature field in the furnace can be kept stable, and the garbage can be stably burned; The residence time in the furnace and the calorific value of waste are widely applicable, and it is worth promoting in the field of waste incineration.

Description

A garbage incineration device and method with a wide range of calorific values

technical field

The invention relates to a garbage incineration method and device, in particular to a garbage incineration device and method with a wide range of calorific values.

Background technique

With the development of the economy, people's living standards are getting higher and higher. At the same time, the garbage generated in people's daily life is also increasing. How to properly dispose of garbage is getting more and more people's attention. At present, there are three main methods of waste disposal: sanitary landfill, incineration and composting. However, sanitary landfill and composting require a large amount of land, and these two methods are not suitable for use in large cities. Incineration treatment has the advantages of reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization, so it is welcomed by cities.

Domestic waste has the characteristics of high water content and high ash content, and its calorific value is generally low. When it is incinerated, it is often difficult to catch fire and the incineration process is unstable. The incineration process of garbage in the furnace is divided into three stages: heating and drying, precipitation and combustion of volatile matter, and burnout of residual carbon. During the drying process, the garbage is heated by radiation from the furnace arch, convective heating of high-temperature flue gas in the furnace, and primary air, among which radiation heating is the main method. Reasonable design of the furnace arch can not only increase the radiation heat transfer in the furnace so that the garbage can be ignited smoothly and burn stably, but also can enhance the flue gas disturbance and the residence time of the flue gas in the furnace to make the garbage burn more completely. It can be seen that a reasonable furnace arch design is of great significance to the efficient and low-pollution combustion of garbage.

The calorific value of garbage in life is not the same, which leads to unstable temperature field during incineration in the furnace. In view of this, it is necessary to develop a new type of garbage incineration method and device, so that it can adjust the distribution of radiant heat when the garbage is burned, and adapt to different garbage calorific values, so that the garbage can be kept burning stably at all times.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a garbage incineration method and device with a wide range of calorific values, so that it can adjust the distribution of radiant heat in the furnace, adapt to different garbage calorific values, and increase the residence time of flue gas, so that the garbage can be continuously and stably burned .

The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:

A garbage incineration device with a wide range of calorific values, comprising an incineration furnace and several rotating airfoil arch mechanisms arranged in parallel, the rotating airfoil arch mechanism includes a rotating airfoil arch, a transmission shaft, a bearing, Sealing parts, couplings and motors, one end of the transmission shaft is fixed to the rotating airfoil arch, the other end passes through the furnace wall and is connected to the motor through the coupling, and the bearing is arranged between the transmission shaft and the furnace wall Between, the sealing part is arranged at the gap between the transmission shaft and the furnace wall, and the rotating airfoil arch is driven by the motor to rotate at an appropriate angle.

Further, the rotating airfoil arch is a hollow structure, and air or water can be passed inside for cooling, so as to avoid overheating of the airfoil arch and the transmission shaft.

Further, one end of the drive shaft has a rib connected to the interior of the rotating airfoil arch.

Further, the rib column and the rotating airfoil arch are integrally cast to drive the airfoil arch to rotate.

Further, the material of the sealing part is asbestos, which avoids leakage of high-temperature flue gas and maintains a stable combustion environment in the furnace.

Further, the incineration furnace includes a front arch inclined at a certain angle, an outlet of the incineration furnace, a rear arch inclined at a certain angle, a garbage inlet, a fire grate, a slag outlet, left and right side walls, and a vertical flue. The garbage inlet is set At the front end of the grate, the slag outlet is arranged at the end of the grate, the outlet of the incineration furnace is located between the highest points of the rear arch and the front arch, and the vertical flue is connected to the outlet of the incineration furnace.

Further, a secondary air component providing secondary air is arranged on the vertical flue.

A garbage incineration method adapted to a wide range of garbage incinerators according to the calorific value, comprising the steps of:

The garbage enters the grate through the garbage inlet, and the primary air is blown in from the bottom of the grate. Under the motion of the grate, the garbage undergoes four processes of preheating and drying, pyrolysis, fixed carbon combustion and burnout. The furnace outlet and the vertical flue are discharged, and the ash is discharged from the slag outlet of the incineration furnace;

When the calorific value of the garbage is low, the rotating airfoil arch can be turned to a position parallel to the rear arch. At this time, the rotating airfoil arch radiates heat to the garbage material layer, increasing the temperature in the furnace, making the burning of garbage more stable, and forcing The high-temperature flue gas makes it scour the garbage and accelerates the drying and ignition of the garbage;

When the calorific value of the garbage is high, the rotating airfoil arch is turned to the position parallel to the vertical flue. At this time, the heat radiated by the rotating airfoil arch to the garbage material layer is less, and the garbage can still be stabilized due to the high calorific value of the garbage. combustion.

Furthermore, when the flue gas generated by combustion is discharged from the outlet of the incinerator and the vertical flue, the secondary air component arranged on the vertical flue provides secondary air.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The invention changes the way of garbage incineration by rotating the design of the airfoil arch, and adjusts the distribution of radiant heat when the garbage is burned by adjusting the rotation angle of the airfoil arch, so that garbage with different calorific values can be burned stably. The radiant heat reflected by the rotating airfoil arch helps the garbage to dry and burn stably, so that the garbage can be ignited smoothly and burned completely. Rotating the airfoil arch can also increase the residence time of the high-temperature flue gas, so that the garbage can be completely burned. In a word, the present invention can adapt to wastes with different calorific values to make them burn stably, and can be widely used in the field of waste incineration power generation.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste incinerator.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating airfoil arch.

In the figure: 1-front arch; 2-rotating airfoil arch; 3-secondary air assembly; 4-vertical flue; 5-incineration furnace exit; 6-rear arch; 7-garbage entrance; 9-drive shaft; 10-slag outlet; 11-left and right side walls; 12-rib column; 13-bearing; 14-asbestos; 15-coupling; 16-motor.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Embodiment one

As shown in Figure 1, a garbage incineration device with a wide range of calorific values includes an incineration furnace and several rotating airfoil arch mechanisms arranged in parallel. The incineration furnace includes a front arch 1 inclined at a certain angle, an incineration furnace outlet 5, The rear arch 6 inclined at a certain angle, the garbage inlet 7, the fire grate 8, the slag outlet 10, the left and right side walls 11, and the vertical flue 4, the garbage inlet 7 is arranged at the front end of the fire grate 8, and the slag outlet 10 It is arranged at the end of the fire grate 8, the outlet 5 of the incinerator is located between the highest point of the back arch 6 and the front arch, and the vertical flue 4 is connected to the outlet 5 of the incinerator. A secondary air component 3 for providing secondary air is arranged on the vertical flue 4 .

As shown in Figure 2, the rotating airfoil arch mechanism package is arranged on the rotating airfoil arch 2, transmission shaft 9, bearing 13, sealing component, shaft coupling 15 and motor 16 in the incinerator chamber, and the transmission shaft 9 One end is fixed with the rotating airfoil arch 2, and the other end passes through the furnace wall and is driven and connected with the motor 16 through the coupling 15. The bearing 13 is arranged between the transmission shaft 9 and the furnace wall, and the sealing part is arranged in the transmission At the gap between the shaft 9 and the furnace wall, the rotating airfoil arch 2 is driven by the motor 16 to rotate at an appropriate angle.

The rotating airfoil arch 2 is a hollow structure, and air or water can be passed inside for cooling, so as to avoid overheating of the airfoil arch and the transmission shaft. One end of the transmission shaft 9 has a rib column 12 connected to the inside of the rotating airfoil arch 2 . The rib column 12 is cast integrally with the rotating airfoil arch 2 to drive the airfoil arch to rotate.

The material of the sealing part is asbestos, which avoids leakage of high-temperature flue gas and maintains a stable combustion environment in the furnace.

A plurality of rotating airfoil arches 2 can be arranged in the furnace to better regulate the radiant heat in the furnace. When the transmission shaft 9 passed through the furnace wall, the friction between the transmission shaft 9 and the body of wall could be reduced by the bearing 13 fixed on the furnace wall.

Embodiment two

A garbage incineration method for a garbage incinerator with a wide range of heat values, comprising the steps of:

The garbage enters the grate 8 through the garbage inlet 7, and the primary wind is blown in from the bottom of the grate 8. Under the movement of the grate 8, the garbage undergoes four processes of preheating and drying, pyrolysis, fixed carbon combustion and burnout. The flue gas is discharged from the outlet 5 of the incineration furnace and the vertical flue 4, and the ash is discharged from the slag outlet 10 of the incineration furnace;

When the calorific value of the garbage is low, the rotating airfoil arch 2 can be turned to a position parallel to the rear arch 6. At this time, the rotating airfoil arch 2 can radiate heat to the garbage material layer, increase the temperature in the furnace, and make the garbage burning more stable , and at the same time force the high-temperature flue gas to wash away the garbage and accelerate the drying and ignition of the garbage;

When the calorific value of the garbage is high, the rotating airfoil arch 2 is transferred to a position parallel to the vertical flue 4. At this time, the heat radiated by the rotating airfoil arch 2 to the garbage material layer is less. It can still burn stably.

The high-temperature flue gas produced by the burning of garbage is blocked by the airfoil arch 2 and cannot directly move upward, and the residence time of the high-temperature flue gas in the furnace is increased. When the combustion flue gas is discharged from the incineration furnace outlet 5 and the vertical flue 4, the secondary air assembly 3 arranged on the vertical flue 4 provides secondary air.

The implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A kind of 1. garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range, it is characterised in that：Including burning burner hearth and some be arrangeding in parallel Pitching airfoil arch mechanism, pitching airfoil arch mechanism bag is arranged on pitching airfoil arch (2), the power transmission shaft burned in burner hearth (9), bearing (13), seal member, shaft coupling (15) and motor (16), one end and the pitching airfoil arch (2) of the power transmission shaft (9) Fixed, the other end is through furnace wall and by being arranged on biography with shaft coupling (15) and motor (16) drive connection, the bearing (13) Moving axis (9) is between furnace wall, and the seal member is arranged on power transmission shaft (9) and at the gap of furnace wall, the pitching airfoil encircles (2) Suitable angle is rotated under the drive of motor (16).
2. 2. the garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pitching airfoil It is hollow structure to encircle (2), and can internally be passed through air or water cooling.
3. 3. the garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The power transmission shaft (9) one end is with the internal rib post (12) of connection pitching airfoil arch (2).
4. 4. the garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The rib post (12) Formed with pitching airfoil arch (2) formed by integrally casting.
5. 5. the garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described sealing Part material is asbestos.
6. 6. the garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The burning burner hearth Including tilt the face arch (1) of certain angle, burn furnace outlet (5), tilt the rear arch (6) of certain angle, garbage inlet (7), Fire grate (8), slag-drip opening (10) and left and right side wall (11), vertical flue (4), before the garbage inlet (7) is arranged on fire grate (8) End, the slag-drip opening (10) are arranged on fire grate (8) end, the highest burned furnace outlet (5) and be located at rear arch (6) and face arch Between point, vertical flue (4) the connection burning furnace outlet (5).
7. 7. the garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described vertical cigarette Arrangement is provided with the Secondary Air component (3) of Secondary Air on road (4).
8. 8. the garbage incineration method of the garbage combustion device of calorific value wide adaptation range according to any one of claim 1 to 7, It is characterized in that：Including step：

   Rubbish enters fire grate (8) through garbage inlet (7), and First air is blown into below fire grate (8), motion of the rubbish in fire grate (8) Lower priority experience preheating and drying, pyrolysis, fixed carbon burning and after-flame Four processes, flue gas caused by burning is from burning furnace outlet (5) then discharged with vertical flue (4) discharge, lime-ash by the slag-drip opening (10) of burning burner hearth；

   When refuse thermal value is relatively low, pitching airfoil arch (2) can go to the position parallel with rear arch (6), and now pitching airfoil encircles (2) heat being radiated to the rubbish bed of material, improves the temperature in burner hearth so that incineration firing is more stable, while forces high-temperature flue gas, It is washed away rubbish, accelerate drying and igniting for rubbish；

   When refuse thermal value is higher, pitching airfoil arch (2) goes to the position parallel with vertical flue (4), and now pitching airfoil encircles (2) less to the heat of rubbish bed of material radiation, because refuse thermal value is higher, rubbish remains to stable burn.
9. 9. garbage incineration method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：Flue gas caused by burning from burn furnace outlet (5) when and vertical flue (4) is discharged, the Secondary Air component (3) arranged on vertical flue (4) provides Secondary Air.