CN107383769A - 一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料及其制备、应用 - Google Patents
一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料及其制备、应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
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- C08L61/14—Modified phenol-aldehyde condensates
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，其技术方案要点是包括有木质素酚醛树脂100‑120份、表面活性剂2‑5份、酸固化剂5‑10份、发泡剂2‑5份，达到提高力学性能的技术效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保温材料领域，特别涉及一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料及其制备、应用。
背景技术
随着地球上化石资源的枯竭，人们越来越重视可再生的生物质资源开发利用研究，利用可再生生物质资源完全或部分替代不可再生的矿物资源及其衍生产品制备新型轻质建材，促进了生物质资源高效利用，为生物质资源制备新型生物质基泡沫复合材料提供了一条新的途径，对高分子发泡材料可持续发展具有重大意义。
现有的可参考申请号为CN106976863A的中国专利，其公开了一种本发明涉及一种木质素改性酚醛树脂泡沫碳及其制备方法，先将5～15份质量的液相泡沫加入到100份质量的水溶性木质素改性酚醛树脂中，搅拌均匀；再加入30～50份质量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，搅拌3～5min，制得木质素改性酚醛树脂泡沫料浆。然后将所述木质素改性酚醛树脂泡沫料浆分别在25～30℃、40～45℃和60～65℃条件下依次干燥2～4h、10～12h和5～7h，在250～380W条件下微波处理30～75s，制得木质素改性酚醛树脂泡沫。最后将所述木质素改性酚醛树脂泡沫在还原气氛和600～1000℃条件下热处理2～3h，制得木质素改性酚醛树脂泡沫碳。
在实际应用过程中，使用的改性泡沫会遇到强度稍差的问题，在运输和搬运过程中需要更加小心和谨慎，对于这些问题仍没有很好的被解决
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，起到了提高力学性能的作用。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有木质素酚醛树脂100-120份、表面活性剂2-5份、酸固化剂5-10份、发泡剂2-5份。
较佳的，发泡剂选自如下中的至少一种：正戊烷、异戊烷和沸程为30-60℃的石油醚。
较佳的，表面活性剂选自如下中的至少一种：吐温类表面活性剂、硅油类表面活性剂、聚醚改性硅氧烷类表面活性剂。
较佳的，酸固化剂选自如下中的至少一种：二甲苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸和苯酚磺酸。
较佳的，每千克木质素酚醛树脂中包括有木质素硫酸钙、多聚甲醛和苯酚制成。
较佳的竹纤维、木质素硫酸钙、多聚甲醛和苯酚的重量比为20：60-80:100-120:200。
本发明的目的二：一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫的方法，包括有以下步骤：
S1：木质素的氧化降解，首先将木质素硫酸钙加入等重的水，然后加入氢氧化钠溶液(30％)，至PH值10.2，加入双氧水反应，最后通过稀盐酸中和至ph值为2，取出沉淀并进行冲洗过滤；
S2：将表面活性剂、酸固化剂、苯酚和木质素混合后，在温度230～300℃、压力2～5MPa的条件下进行反应，反应结束后，得到木质素酚化产物的溶液；
S3：向S2中的木质素酚化产物的溶液中加入竹纤维和发泡剂，再加入甲醛，进行充分反应，得到木质素改性酚醛树脂。
较佳的，S3的反应的条件为：先60℃-70℃反应2-4h，再90℃反应0.2-1h。
本发明的目的三：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫的应用，其特征在于:应用于套在保温直埋管外壁上的外护管。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明的泡沫塑料阻燃复合板材，可以很好的应用于外护管的使用中，能够起到替代原有材料并不影响基本功能的特点；
2、同时，上述材料制成的板材具有保温效果良好的特效，能够进一步的减少热量在运输过程中的散失；
3、使用本发明制作的板材还能够起到提高力学性能。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有竹纤维5.2g、木质素硫酸钙24g、多聚36g、苯酚52g、硅油类表面活性剂2g苯酚磺酸5g、正戊烷2g。
一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫的方法，包括有以下步骤：
S1：木质素的氧化降解，首先将木质素硫酸钙加入等重的水，然后加入氢氧化钠溶液(30％)，至PH值10.2，加入双氧水反应，最后通过稀盐酸中和至ph值为2，取出沉淀并进行冲洗过滤；
S2：将表面活性剂、酸固化剂、苯酚和木质素混合后，在温度23℃、压力2MPa的条件下进行反应，反应结束后，得到木质素酚化产物的溶液；
S3：向S2中的木质素酚化产物的溶液中加入竹纤维和发泡剂，再加入甲醛，先60℃反应2h，再90℃反应0.2h，得到木质素改性酚醛树脂。
实施例2：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有竹纤维6g、木质素硫酸钙24g、多聚甲醛36g、苯酚60g、吐温类表面活性剂5g、二甲苯磺酸10g、异戊烷5g。
一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫的方法，包括有以下步骤：
S1：木质素的氧化降解，首先将木质素硫酸钙加入等重的水，然后加入氢氧化钠溶液(30％)，至PH值10.2，加入双氧水反应，最后通过稀盐酸中和至ph值为2，取出沉淀并进行冲洗过滤；
S2：将表面活性剂、酸固化剂、苯酚和木质素混合后，在温度300℃、压力5MPa的条件下进行反应，反应结束后，得到木质素酚化产物的溶液；
S3：向S2中的木质素酚化产物的溶液中加入竹纤维和发泡剂，再加入甲醛，先70℃反应2-4h，再90℃反应1h，得到木质素改性酚醛树脂。
实施例3：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有竹纤维5.6g、木质素硫酸钙19.85g、多聚甲醛31.25g、苯酚56g、聚醚改性硅氧烷类表面活性剂3.5g、对甲苯磺酸7.5g、异戊烷、3.5g。
一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫的方法，包括有以下步骤：
S1：木质素的氧化降解，首先将木质素硫酸钙加入等重的水，然后加入氢氧化钠溶液(30％)，至PH值10.2，加入双氧水反应，最后通过稀盐酸中和至ph值为2，取出沉淀并进行冲洗过滤；
S2：将表面活性剂、酸固化剂、苯酚和木质素混合后，在温度275℃、压力3.5MPa的条件下进行反应，反应结束后，得到木质素酚化产物的溶液；
S3：向S2中的木质素酚化产物的溶液中加入竹纤维和发泡剂，再加入甲醛，先65℃反应3h，再90℃反应0.6h，得到木质素改性酚醛树脂。
实施例4：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有包括有竹纤维5.6g、木质素硫酸钙19.85g、多聚甲醛36g、苯60g、聚醚改性硅氧烷类表面活性剂3.5g、对甲苯磺酸7.5g、异戊烷3.5g。
一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫的方法，包括有以下步骤：
S1：木质素的氧化降解，首先将木质素硫酸钙加入等重的水，然后加入氢氧化钠溶液(30％)，至PH值10.2，加入双氧水反应，最后通过稀盐酸中和至ph值为2，取出沉淀并进行冲洗过滤；
S2：将表面活性剂、酸固化剂、苯酚和木质素混合后，在温度275℃、压力3.5MPa的条件下进行反应，反应结束后，得到木质素酚化产物的溶液；
S3：向S2中的木质素酚化产物的溶液中加入竹纤维和发泡剂，再加入甲醛，先65℃反应3h，再90℃反应0.6h，得到木质素改性酚醛树脂。
实施例5：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有竹纤维5.6g、木质素硫酸钙19.85g、多聚甲醛26.25g、苯酚50g、聚醚改性硅氧烷类表面活性剂3.5g、对甲苯磺酸7.5g、异戊烷3.5g。
一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫的方法，包括有以下步骤：
S1：木质素的氧化降解，首先将木质素硫酸钙加入等重的水，然后加入氢氧化钠溶液(30％)，至PH值10.2，加入双氧水反应，最后通过稀盐酸中和至ph值为2，取出沉淀并进行冲洗过滤；
S2：将表面活性剂、酸固化剂、苯酚和木质素混合后，在温度275℃、压力3.5MPa的条件下进行反应，反应结束后，得到木质素酚化产物的溶液；
S3：向S2中的木质素酚化产物的溶液中加入竹纤维和发泡剂，再加入甲醛，先65℃反应3h，再90℃反应0.6h，得到木质素改性酚醛树脂。
对比例实验
对比例1：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有木质素硫酸钙19.85g、多聚甲醛31.25g、苯酚56g、聚醚改性硅氧烷类表面活性剂3.5g、对甲苯磺酸7.5g、异戊烷3.5g。
其他与实施例3相同。
对比例2：一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，包括有竹纤维5.6g、多聚甲醛31.25g、苯酚56g、聚醚改性硅氧烷类表面活性剂3.5g、对甲苯磺酸7.5g、异戊烷3.5g。
其他与实施例3相同。
导热系数检测：
耐驰仪器(上海)有限公司应用实验室(YB/T 4130-2005)；测量方法:热流法；测试仪器:HFM436/3/IER热流法导热仪；样品尺寸:200mmX200mmX10mm；测试温度:25℃。
抗弯折性能检测：
选用万能试验机对200mmX200mmX10mm的实验块进行抗弯折实验检测。
孔隙率检测：
通过压汞法对材料的孔隙率进行检测。
通过上述数据发现，相比于实施例，对比例中配比中减少竹纤维会让材料的抗弯折能力明显下降，在侧弯时比较容易发生破碎，同时降低了木质素硫酸钙和竹纤维的使用也增加整体材料的导热系数，而减少竹纤维则对材料的孔隙率并没有大的影响，缺少木质素硫酸钙则会对导致孔隙率有所下降。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (9)
1.一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，其特征在于：包括有木质素酚醛树脂100-120份、表面活性剂2-5份、酸固化剂5-10份、发泡剂2-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，其特征在于：发泡剂选自如下中的至少一种：正戊烷、异戊烷和沸程为30-60℃的石油醚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，其特征在于：表面活性剂选自如下中的至少一种：吐温类表面活性剂、硅油类表面活性剂、聚醚改性硅氧烷类表面活性剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，其特征在于：酸固化剂选自如下中的至少一种：二甲苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸和苯酚磺酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，其特征在于：每千克木质素酚醛树脂中包括有木质素硫酸钙、多聚甲醛和苯酚制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料，其特征在于：竹纤维、木质素硫酸钙、多聚甲醛和苯酚的重量比为20：60-80:100-120:200。
7.一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料的方法，其特征在于：包括有以下步骤：
S1：木质素的氧化降解，首先将木质素硫酸钙加入等重的水，然后加入氢氧化钠溶液（30%），至PH值10.2，加入双氧水反应，最后通过稀盐酸中和至ph值为2，取出沉淀并进行冲洗过滤；
S2：将表面活性剂、酸固化剂、苯酚和木质素混合后，在温度230～300℃、压力2～5MPa的条件下进行反应，反应结束后，得到木质素酚化产物的溶液；
S3：向S2中的木质素酚化产物的溶液中加入竹纤维和发泡剂，再加入甲醛，进行充分反应，得到木质素改性酚醛树脂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种制作改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料的方法，其特征在于：S3的反应的条件为：先60℃-70℃反应2-4h，再90℃反应0.2-1h。
9.一种改性酚醛树脂泡沫塑料的应用，其特征在于:应用于套在保温直埋管外壁上的外护管。
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