CN107357004B - Low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
- G02B6/02014—Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
- G02B6/02019—Effective area greater than 90 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
- G02B6/0281—Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03655—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + +
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the diameter a of a core layer is 7.0-8.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference △ 1 is 0.10-0.20%, an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer are sequentially coated outside the core layer from inside to outside, the diameter b of the inner cladding layer is 25-28 mu m, the relative refractive index difference △ 2 is-0.05-0.25%, the diameter c of the outer cladding layer is 124-126 mu m, and the relative refractive index difference △ 3 is-0.05-0.25%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of optical fiber communication.
Background
Optical fiber communication has the characteristics of large transmission capacity, long transmission distance, high transmission speed and the like, and is widely applied to optical communication networks such as long-distance trunk networks, metropolitan area networks, access networks and the like. Single mode optical fibers that meet the ITU-T g.652d standard are the most commonly used optical communication fibers. The single-mode optical fiber attenuation coefficient is reduced, so that the transmission distance of an optical fiber communication system can be effectively increased, the number and cost of relay stations are greatly reduced, and the method has important significance for optimizing the structure of the transmission system and reducing the operation cost.
The main causes of fiber attenuation are: absorption losses, including intrinsic absorption and impurity absorption; scattering losses, including linear scattering, nonlinear scattering, structural imperfect scattering, and the like; additional attenuation, including microbending losses, macrobending losses, and splice losses. One of the most important losses among the scattering losses is the rayleigh scattering loss, which is a linear scattering whose magnitude is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength of light. Rayleigh scattering loss is related to dopant induced concentration fluctuations and material viscosity mismatch induced density fluctuations.
Reducing the concentration of the doping material and optimizing the profile design is the most efficient and economical way to reduce the attenuation of the fiber. In chinese patent nos. CN201410423830.5 and CN201410473879.1, the profile is optimized by using three core layers with gradually decreasing refractive indices, so that the amount of germanium doped in the core layer is reduced, the viscosity matching of the core layer is improved, and the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber is reduced by reducing rayleigh scattering. In chinese patent CN103149630B, a double inner cladding structure is adopted to optimize the dopants of the core layer and the cladding layer, match the viscosity of the core and the cladding layer, and reduce the stress on the core layer caused by the drawing tension, thereby reducing the attenuation of the optical fiber. In the Chinese patent CN105223645A, a germanium-doped core layer and a fluorine-doped depressed inner cladding layer are deposited by VAD process, the radius of the fluorine-doped layer is 12-16 μm, a pure silicon sleeve is used as an outer cladding layer, and the optical fiber attenuation less than 0.180dB/km is obtained at the wavelength of 1550 nm. In these patents, the attenuation values obtained are relatively close to the standard of low attenuation fibers, but the low attenuation fibers are not high in proportion and the attenuation level of the fibers is to be further improved. In US 9020316B 2, a relatively low attenuation is achieved by using an F-doped core layer and an F-doped cladding layer, the core layer being an alpha-order polished line with a maximum relative refractive index difference of 0 and a cladding layer relative refractive index difference of-0.3% to-1.5%. In US2015/0329404a1, inner and outer layers of soot are deposited on a starting rod by VAD, alkali metal is incorporated at the time of inner layer deposition, and fluorine is incorporated at the outer layer by a sintering process (relative refractive index contribution-0.5% to-0.25%), a relatively low attenuation is obtained. Both of these us patents can achieve lower fiber attenuation, but the cladding has a large amount of doped F, process control is difficult, and cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
For convenience in describing the summary of the invention, the following terms are defined:
performing: the glass rod or the combined body of the designed optical fiber can be directly drawn according to the design requirement of the optical fiber by the radial refractive index distribution consisting of the core layer and the cladding;
core rod: a solid glass preform comprising a core layer and a partial cladding layer;
radius: the distance between the outer boundary of the layer and the center point;
refractive index profile: the relationship between the refractive index of the glass of an optical fiber or an optical fiber preform (including a core rod) and the radius thereof;
relative refractive index difference:
Δ％＝[(n(i)2–n(0)2)/(2n(i)2)]×100％≈[n(i)-n(0)]/n(0)×100％
n (i) and n (0) are respectively the refractive index of the ith layer of the corresponding optical fiber and the refractive index of the pure silica glass layer;
contribution of fluorine (F): the relative refractive index difference (delta F) of the fluorine (F) -doped quartz glass relative to the pure quartz glass is used as the index of refraction of the fluorine (F) -doped quartz glass;
contribution of germanium (Ge): the relative refractive index difference (delta Ge) of the germanium (Ge) -doped quartz glass relative to the pure quartz glass is used for expressing the amount of the germanium (Ge) doped;
delta total is the difference of refractive index contributions of the core layer and the inner cladding layer, and is delta 1-delta 2;
the OVD process comprises the following steps: preparing quartz glass with required thickness by using an external vapor deposition and sintering process;
VAD process: preparing quartz glass with required thickness by using axial vapor deposition and sintering processes;
target rod: a central rod in an OVD or VAD process on which the product is deposited for growth;
the Soot body is a loose body consisting of SiO2 and is formed by deposition in an OVD or VAD process;
the root-on-rod is a combined body formed by depositing the root on the outer surface by taking a core rod as a target rod;
bare fiber: the optical fiber is a glass fiber without a coating layer;
low attenuation optical fiber: the single mode optical fiber meets the requirements that the attenuation at the 1310nm wavelength is less than 0.325dB/km, the attenuation at the 1383nm wavelength is less than 0.325dB/km, and the attenuation at the 1550nm wavelength is less than 0.185 dB/km;
the yield ratio of the low-attenuation optical fiber is as follows: [ low attenuation fiber length ]/[ total fiber length ]. 100%.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber and a preparation method thereof.
The optical fiber comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, and is characterized in that the diameter a of the core layer is 7.0-8.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference △ 1 is 0.10-0.20%, the core layer is coated with an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside in sequence, the diameter b of the inner cladding layer is 25-28 mu m, the relative refractive index difference △ 2 is-0.05-0.25%, the diameter c of the outer cladding layer is 124-126 mu m, and the relative refractive index difference △ 3 is-0.05-0.25%.
According to the scheme, the difference delta total between refractive index contributions of the core layer and the inner cladding layer is delta 1-delta 2 and is 0.30-0.38%.
According to the scheme, the core layer is a germanium-doped silica glass layer or a germanium-fluorine co-doped silica glass layer.
According to the scheme, the inner cladding is a fluorine-doped silica glass layer or a germanium-fluorine co-doped silica glass layer.
According to the scheme, the outer cladding layer is a fluorine-doped silica glass layer, and the contribution amount of fluorine is-0.29% -0.05%.
According to the scheme, the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1310nm is 8.4-9.6 microns.
According to the scheme, the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1310nm is less than or equal to 0.335dB/km, preferably less than or equal to 0.324dB/km, more preferably less than or equal to 0.314dB/km, the attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 1550nm is less than or equal to 0.195dB/km, preferably less than or equal to 0.184dB/km, more preferably less than or equal to 0.178 dB/km.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber has the cable cut-off wavelength smaller than or equal to 1260 nm.
According to the scheme, the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber is 1300 nm-1324 nm; the dispersion slope of the optical fiber at zero dispersion wavelength is less than or equal to 0.092 ps/(nm)2*km)。
The preparation method comprises the following technical scheme: manufacturing a core rod soot by VAD (vacuum induced vapor deposition) process to form a core layer and an inner cladding, dehydrating and sintering the core rod soot to obtain a glass core rod, annealing the core rod to obtain a target rod, depositing an outer cladding on the target rod by OVD (optical vapor deposition) process to obtain a fluorine-doped outer cladding, dehydrating, sintering and annealing the soot-on-rod to obtain a preform for drawing, and drawing the preform at a drawing speed of 1500-3300 m/min to form the optical fiber.
According to the scheme, a certain flow of fluorine-containing raw material is introduced in the deposition process of the inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer, and the fluorine-containing raw material is one or more of CF4, SF6, C2F6 and SiF 4.
According to the scheme, the drawing speed in the optical fiber processing is 1000 m/min-3300 m/min.
According to the scheme, the drawing speed in the optical fiber processing is 1500-3000 m/min.
According to the scheme, the drawing speed in the optical fiber processing is 1800 m/min-2800 m/min.
According to the scheme, the drawing speed in the optical fiber processing is 2000 m/min-2500 m/min.
According to the scheme, the drawing tension of the bare optical fiber during optical fiber processing is 100-350 g.
According to the scheme, the drawing tension of the bare optical fiber during optical fiber processing is 120-300 g.
According to the scheme, the drawing tension of the bare optical fiber during optical fiber processing is 130 g-250 g.
According to the scheme, the drawing tension of the bare optical fiber during optical fiber processing is 140 g-200 g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention directly takes the core rod as the target rod to deposit the fluorine-doped outer cladding layer on the outer surface, does not need to use a fluorine-doped outer sleeve with higher price, and has lower cost; 2. the maximum outer diameter of the fluorine-doped outer sleeve is 150mm, but the fluorine-doped outer sleeve with the outer diameter larger than 200mm can be manufactured, so that the wire drawing length of a single preform rod can be improved, and the cost can be reduced; 3. the optical fiber reduces the germanium doping amount of the core layer by doping fluorine in the full cladding layer, improves the viscosity matching of the core cladding layer and effectively reduces the attenuation of the optical fiber; 4. the drawing speed of the low-attenuation optical fiber is usually not higher than 2000m/min, the intrinsic loss of the optical fiber is reduced by doping fluorine in the full cladding layer, the influence of the drawing speed is small, and the low-attenuation optical fiber can be obtained at the drawing speed of more than or equal to 3000 m/min; 5. the invention has stable process and high output ratio of the low-attenuation optical fiber, which can reach more than 90 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a is the core diameter, b is the inner cladding diameter, and c is the outer cladding diameter (i.e., bare fiber diameter).
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the relative refractive index contributions of Ge in the core layers of optical fibers obtained according to the present invention and conventional techniques
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The method of the present invention for preparing low attenuation single mode optical fiber, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, deposits a core rod root by VAD process, including a core layer and an inner cladding layer, introducing a fluorine-containing raw material with a certain flow rate in the inner cladding deposition process, wherein the fluorine-containing raw material is one or more of CF4, SF6, C2F6 and SiF4 to obtain a fluorine-doped inner cladding, dehydrating and sintering the core rod soot to obtain a glass core rod, annealing the core rod to obtain a target rod, depositing an outer cladding layer outside the target rod by an OVD process, introducing a fluorine-containing raw material with a certain flow rate in the deposition process, the fluorine-containing raw material is one or more of CF4, SF6, C2F6 and SiF4 to obtain a fluorine-doped outer cladding layer, the soot-on-rod is dehydrated, sintered and annealed to obtain a prefabricated rod for drawing, PK2600 is used for testing the refractive index of the prefabricated rod, and the relative refractive index contribution delta% of the outer cladding layer is-0.29% -0.05%. And drawing the preform rod containing the fluorine-doped cladding at the drawing speed of 2500-3300 m/min and the drawing tension of the bare optical fiber of 100-350 g. The geometrical structure and doping parameters of the low-attenuation optical fiber prepared in the embodiment are shown in table 1, the refractive index of an optical fiber core layer delta 1 is contributed by germanium doping, the germanium doping amount is greatly reduced compared with that of a conventional single-mode optical fiber, and an outer cladding layer delta 3 and an inner cladding layer delta 2 are kept close to each other so as to ensure the balance of optical fiber parameters; the process parameters, drawing process parameters and the yield ratio of the fluorine-doped outer cladding layer are shown in table 2, the yield ratio of the low-attenuation optical fiber is 99.2-100.0%, the yield ratio of the low-attenuation optical fiber can still reach more than 99% under the condition that the highest drawing speed is 3300m/min, and the conventional single-mode optical fiber is difficult to have the yield of the low-attenuation optical fiber at the high speed. The main performance parameters of the obtained optical fiber are shown in Table 3, the attenuation at the wavelength of 1310nm is 0.295 dB/km-0.309 dB/km, and the attenuation at the wavelength of 1550nm is 0.174 dB/km-0.180 dB/km. The attenuation of the optical fiber obtained in the embodiment at the wavelength of 1383nm is 0.265 dB/km-0.324 dB/km. A cross-sectional view of the optical fiber obtained in the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, but not limited thereto. The comparison of the relative refractive index contribution of the Ge optical fiber core layer obtained by the method and the conventional technology is shown in fig. 3, the germanium doping amount of the core layer is reduced by about 50%, and the substantial reduction of the germanium doping amount of the core layer can effectively reduce the optical fiber attenuation and improve the proportion of the low-attenuation optical fiber, particularly the proportion of the low-attenuation optical fiber under high-speed wire drawing.
TABLE 1 Low attenuation fiber Structure and doping parameters
TABLE 2 Process parameters, drawing process parameters and Low attenuation fiber ratios for fluorine-doped overcladding
TABLE 3 Main Performance parameters of Low attenuation fibers
Claims (7)
1. A low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber comprises a core layer and a cladding, and is characterized in that the diameter a of the core layer is 7.0-8.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference △ 1 is 0.10-0.20%, an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer are sequentially coated outside the core layer from inside to outside, the diameter b of the inner cladding layer is 25-28 mu m, the relative refractive index difference △ 2 is-0.05-0.25%, the diameter c of the outer cladding layer is 124-126 mu m, the relative refractive index difference △ 3 is-0.05-0.25%, the difference delta total of the refractive index contributions of the core layer and the inner cladding layer is delta 1-delta 2 which is 0.342-0.38%, and the relative refractive index difference is delta% (n: (i))2–n(0)2)/(2n(i)2)]X is 100%; n (i) and n (0) are respectively the refractive index of the ith layer of the corresponding optical fiber and the refractive index of the pure silica glass layer; Δ 1 and Δ 2 are the relative refractive index differences of the core and inner cladding layers, respectively.
2. The low attenuation single mode optical fiber of claim 1 wherein said core layer is a germanium-doped silica glass layer or a germanium-fluorine co-doped silica glass layer; the inner cladding is a fluorine-doped silica glass layer or a germanium-fluorine co-doped silica glass layer.
3. The low attenuation single mode optical fiber of claim 2 wherein said outer cladding is a fluorine doped silica glass layer, the fluorine contribution being-0.29% to-0.05%; the contribution amount of fluorine is the relative refractive index difference of fluorine-doped quartz glass relative to pure quartz glass.
4. The low attenuation single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a mode field diameter of 8.4 to 9.6 microns at a wavelength of 1310 nm.
5. The low attenuation single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has an attenuation coefficient less than or equal to 0.324dB/km at a wavelength of 1310nm and an attenuation coefficient less than or equal to 0.184dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
6. The low attenuation single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm; the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber is 1300 nm-1324 nm; the dispersion slope of the fiber at zero dispersion wavelength is less than or equal to 0.092 ps/(nm)2*km)。
7. A preparation method of a low-attenuation single-mode optical fiber is characterized in that a core rod soot is manufactured through a VAD (vapor deposition) process to form a core layer and an inner cladding, the core rod soot is dehydrated and sintered to obtain a glass core rod, the core rod is annealed to serve as a target rod, the core rod serves as the target rod, an outer cladding is deposited outside the target rod through an OVD (optical vapor deposition) process to obtain a fluorine-doped outer cladding, the soot-on-rod is dehydrated, sintered and annealed to obtain a prefabricated rod for drawing, and the prefabricated rod is drawn at a drawing speed of 2000-3300 m/min to form the optical fiber; the drawing tension of the bare optical fiber during optical fiber processing is 100 g-350 g.
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| CN111320376B (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2023-09-12 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | Optical fiber preform and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN110174724A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-08-27 | 安徽长荣光纤光缆科技有限公司 | A kind of low-loss single-mode optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN110655321B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2024-05-31 | 远东通讯有限公司 | Low-loss optical fiber drawing system and drawing method thereof |
| CN112499961A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-16 | 中天科技光纤有限公司 | Optical fiber and method for producing the same |
| CN114349328B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2024-09-27 | 江苏亨通光导新材料有限公司 | Polarization-maintaining base material with simple section structure and efficient preparation method thereof |
| CN115201961A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-10-18 | 江苏亨通光导新材料有限公司 | G.654.E optical fiber for land and manufacturing process thereof |
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| US9110220B2 (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-08-18 | Corning Incorporated | High bandwidth MMF and method of making |
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| TW425481B (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2001-03-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Optical fiber and its production method |
| CN1472150A (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2004-02-04 | 江苏法尔胜光子公司 | Method for producing fibre-optical precast stick |
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Effective date of registration: 20220427 Address after: 515041 No. 15 east science and technology road, hi tech Zone, Guangdong, Shantou Patentee after: SHANTOU HIGH-TECH ZONE AOXING OPTICAL COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Changfei optical fiber and cable Co., Ltd Address before: 430073 Optics Valley Avenue, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei, 9 Patentee before: YANGTZE OPTICAL FIBRE AND CABLE JOINT STOCK Ltd. |