CN107324945A - A kind of method that utilization animal dung produces particular biological organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for producing granular bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure. The technical scheme uses crushed straw and dried poultry and livestock manure as raw materials, and after mixing, they are screened, humidified, piled up, and inoculated, and then carried out Decomposition treatment, and then vermiculture to achieve further biochemical treatment to form high-quality organic fertilizer raw materials, and then proceed to proportioning, mixing, granulation, drying, cooling, screening, coating and other processes in sequence to obtain the final product. The product of the invention is safe, environment-friendly and has outstanding fertilizer efficiency level. This product can be used in various crops. It has been proved by practice that it has the comprehensive functions of regulating the micro-ecological balance of plants, providing plant nutrition, improving crop quality and plant stress resistance. Used in general farmland, it can not only reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, but also loosen the soil, enhance soil fertility, and prevent soil compaction.

Description

A method for producing granular bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing livestock and poultry manure

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, in particular to a method for producing granular bio-organic fertilizers by utilizing livestock and poultry manure.

Background technique

Bio-organic fertilizer refers to a type of biological agent that contains living microorganisms and can obtain specific fertilizer effects during use, thereby increasing crop yield or improving quality.

Soil is composed of minerals, organic matter and microorganisms, and is the basis for the growth and development of crops. Soil minerals are the main body of soil substances, not only the substrate for plant growth, but also the main source of plant inorganic nutrition. Organic matter is an important material basis for soil fertilizer supply and fertilizer retention, and is also a necessary component for forming soil aggregate structure and preventing soil compaction. Microorganisms are living organisms in the soil and are indispensable active substances for transforming soil fertility. Soil microorganisms are directly involved in the transformation of soil substances and energy, the formation and decomposition of humus, nutrient release, nitrogen fixation and other soil fertility formation and development processes. Therefore, increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil can enhance the activity of soil microorganisms, thereby improving the fertility of the soil. In particular, the microbial activity of the micro-ecological flora in the rhizosphere soil of crops is more important for plant root nutrition. Applying microbial fertilizers in the rhizosphere can increase the number and activity of beneficial bacteria in the root soil. Bio-organic fertilizers contain a large amount of organic matter for the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria, which can effectively promote the beneficial bacteria in the micro-ecological flora of the rhizosphere soil of crops. activity.

Specifically, the microorganisms in the highly active bio-organic fertilizer can degrade the ineffective nutrients in the soil into effective nutrients during its fermentation and life activities in the soil, which can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, producing a fertilizer effect and producing a large amount of Gibberella Physiologically active substances such as hormones and cytokinins, these substances will stimulate crop growth and regulate crop metabolism after contacting with plant roots, thereby producing an effect of increasing yield. The microorganisms in the bio-fertilizer grow and reproduce in large numbers in the roots of plants, forming beneficial flora, inhibiting and reducing the chance of pathogenic bacteria multiplying, and some also have the effect of antagonizing pathogenic bacteria, which has the effect of reducing crop diseases, thereby reducing the use of pesticides, Reduce production input.

In addition, bio-organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter, a certain amount of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and the nutrients are relatively comprehensive. The organic matter in it can continuously release the nutrients needed for plant growth through microbial activities, so the fertilizer effect is long-lasting. Rich organic matter can also improve soil physical properties and increase soil aggregate structure, thereby loosening the soil and reducing soil compaction, which is conducive to water retention, fertilizer retention, ventilation and root development, and provides a comfortable growth environment for crops.

In view of the above-mentioned excellent properties of bio-organic fertilizers, it has been widely used in agricultural production. However, unlike conventional chemical fertilizers, the performance of bio-organic fertilizers is largely determined by the characteristics of microorganisms, while bio-organic fertilizers The microbial flora in the fertilizer is diverse and may change with environmental conditions or nutrients, so the fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer in the prior art is not stable. Therefore, how to achieve standardization in the preparation process to achieve as uniform a fertilizer performance as possible has become a technical problem to be solved urgently.

In addition, as a mixture of organic matter and microorganisms, the production methods of bio-organic fertilizers are relatively diverse, and all organic matter components may be used as a place for microbial colonization. In this case, how to produce with lower-cost raw materials directly affects the economy. benefit. Taking animal excrement as an example, despite its low cost and wide range of sources, it is difficult to directly use it as a raw material for the production of bio-organic fertilizers due to its complex composition and poor cutting properties. In this case, it is necessary to examine the composition characteristics of the raw material , on this basis to study its compatibility with microbial agents, in order to obtain a mature production process.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the technical defects of the prior art, and provides a method for producing granular bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing livestock and poultry manure, so as to solve the technical problem that the fertilizer efficiency of the conventional bio-organic fertilizer needs to be improved in the prior art.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to produce bio-organic fertilizer with poultry manure.

Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the prior art methods for treating crop stalks are not environmentally friendly and have low added value.

To achieve the above technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for producing granular bio-organic fertilizer utilizing livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

1) Crush crop straw and mix it with dehydrated livestock and poultry manure for composting and decomposing. During the decomposing process, the raw materials are piled up into strip-shaped ridges with a width of 2m and a height of 1.5m. At the same time, a certain amount of solid decomposing agent is added to maintain The water content of the compost is 50-60%, the C/N in the compost is controlled between 20-30, the oxygen content in the compost is 8-18%, and the temperature of the compost is controlled within the range of 45-65°C;

2) After 2 to 3 days of composting, when the temperature exceeds 55°C, start to turn the compost. After repeated several times, the composting temperature gradually decreases, and when the temperature is basically constant, the composting is complete;

3) taking the decomposed material and carrying out earthworm breeding to obtain a product.

Preferably, after step 3) is completed, the following steps are continued: proportioning, mixing, granulating, drying, cooling, sieving, and coating of the product are carried out in sequence.

As a preference, the decomposing agent used therein is prepared by the following method: the initial microbial bacteria are cultivated in the laboratory, and through product field tests, effective strains are selected to be cultivated in laboratory reaction tanks, and finally expanded and propagated in the microbial fertilizer production workshop , in a sterile environment, activate a single strain on a slant, and then pull the activated strain into the culture solution of the Erlenmeyer flask for constant temperature culture on a shaking table; Filter or concentrate, and use superfine calcium carbonate and humic acid solid material after activation treatment to carry out adsorption to produce powdery organic material decomposing agent.

Preferably, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Phosphorus solubilizer and Potassium solubilizer are used.

As preferably, the microorganisms used therein are prepared by the following method: the bacterial strain is activated on a separate inclined plane, then carried out constant temperature culture on a shaking table in the culture solution of the Erlenmeyer flask, and after the culture of the strain is completed, the seed tank and the fermentation process are implanted. The fermenter is used for combined fermentation. After the fermentation of the bacteria reaches the process requirements, the activated humic acid and the addition of plant nutrients or water-retaining agents are used for solid adsorption, and then the solid-liquid process is carried out in the plate and frame filter press. Separated and dehydrated to obtain the product.

A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock crop stalks, comprising the following steps:

1) Take the crop stalks, pile them up after being pulverized, add a decomposing bacteria agent to decompose, turn over the pile during the process, and obtain an organic matrix after sieving;

2) Mixing the organic matrix obtained in step 1) with the microbial inoculant to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

The invention provides a method for producing granular bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure. The technical scheme uses crushed straw and dried poultry and livestock manure as raw materials, and after mixing, they are screened, humidified, stacked, and inoculated, and then carried out Decomposition treatment, and then vermiculture to achieve further biochemical treatment to form high-quality organic fertilizer raw materials, and then proceed to proportioning, mixing, granulation, drying, cooling, screening, coating and other processes in sequence to obtain the final product.

The product of the invention is safe, environmentally friendly and has outstanding fertilizer efficiency. This product can be used in all kinds of crops. Practice has proved that it has the comprehensive functions of regulating the micro-ecological balance of plants, providing plant nutrition, improving crop quality and plant stress resistance. Used in general farmland can not only reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, but also loosen the soil, enhance soil fertility, and prevent soil compaction. Promoting the virtuous circle of soil fertility, it is more suitable for the production of "green food". It is a compound biological fertilizer to ensure a good harvest of green food, and it is a veritable high-end boutique and environmentally friendly organic fertilizer.

Technical effect of the present invention is also embodied in the following aspects:

1. Improve soil physical and chemical properties

Beneficial microorganisms in microbial fertilizers can produce sugars, which account for 0.1% of soil organic matter. Combined with plant mucus, mineral embryos and organic colloids, they can improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance the physical properties of the soil and reduce the loss of soil particles. Under certain conditions, it can also participate in the formation of humus. Therefore, the application of microbial fertilizers can improve the physical properties of soil and help to improve soil fertility. The organic matter rich in bio-organic fertilizers can improve the physical properties of the soil, increase the soil aggregate structure, thereby loosening the clay, coagulating the sand, promoting air circulation in the soil, reducing soil compaction, and is conducive to water retention, fertilizer retention, ventilation and root development. Provide a comfortable growing environment for crops.

2. Drought resistance and water conservation, enhance crop resistance

Organic raw materials treated with earthworms contain rich nutrients and unique physical and chemical properties, which can regulate the opening of crop stomata. These substances work synergistically with metabolites (enzymes) of beneficial microorganisms to improve the comprehensive resistance of crops. Thereby improving the drought resistance ability of crops, enhancing the ability of crops to resist disease, cold and lodging. The enhancement of soil aggregate structure promotes the permeability of capillary, ensures the operation of soil moisture and improves the utilization rate of soil moisture.

2. The reputation of vermicompost as high-quality organic fertilizer: "the king of organic fertilizer"

Vermicompost is the product of the natural combination of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer in the body of earthworms. It is a pure natural fine organic fertilizer, rich in organic and inorganic nutrients and plant hormones. Compared with other organic fertilizers, it is hygienic, odorless, and granular It is small, uniform, water-absorbing, water-retaining, and breathable. It is also rich in beneficial microorganisms. It can be used as a high-grade organic fertilizer for garden flowers and greenhouses. It contains indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and other hormones that can promote plant growth. Growth, the fulvic acid contained in it can significantly promote the growth and leaf area of plants (such as pepper and tomato). It can improve plant photosynthesis, protect seedlings, strengthen seedlings, resist diseases and insect pests, and inhibit harmful bacteria and soil-borne diseases. It can obviously improve soil structure, increase fertility and completely solve the problem of soil compaction. It can improve the quality of agricultural products, especially the agricultural products of fruit and vegetables. Excellent results in terms of quality.

Vermicompost particles are small, porous, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and can adsorb heavy metals to a large extent. Humic acid in vermicompost is also a strong adsorbent, which can absorb soluble heavy metals and reduce its biological Effectiveness, a large number of microbial flora in the vermicompost itself can interact with various organic and inorganic colloids in the soil to adsorb, enrich, and precipitate heavy metals, thereby reducing the availability of heavy metals. It can be seen that earthworms Dung plays an important role in remediation of soil and passivation of metals in soil. It can inhibit plant diseases, and can greatly inhibit the infection of fusarium pathogens on tomatoes. It has a deodorizing effect. When the garbage is composted and fermented, covering it with vermicompost has a good heat preservation and deodorizing effect. In addition, vermicompost has a detoxification effect. In breeding. In particular, it has the function of inducing crop immunity, and it can also promote the growth of root microvesicles. Natural hormones such as IAA, IGA, and GA3 are characteristics that other organic fertilizers do not have. The agricultural experimental field in California, U.S. uses vermicompost to increase the yield of wheat by 26%, and the yield of rapeseed by 7 times, which can make the seedlings strong and straight, and can prevent soft rot, blight, root shrinkage and other diseases.

Ordinary organic fertilizers do not convert all nutrients into simple substances that are easily soluble in water, and are not easily absorbed by plants. However, vermicompost is easily absorbed by plants, has strong water retention and drainage, and will not disperse and compact after long-term use. It is impossible for ordinary organic fertilizers, rich in humic acid and a large number of beneficial microorganisms. 18 kinds of amino acids and a variety of trace elements, which are very small in ordinary organic fertilizers, contain antagonistic microorganisms, which can inhibit soil-borne diseases, which do not exist in ordinary organic fertilizers. Superior to other organic fertilizers, it is used for high-grade flower nutrient soil, lawn cultivation, and can be used as a substrate for soilless cultivation. It does not grow mold, has no odor, does not burn or burn seedlings, and contains unknown auxin is any Organic fertilizers cannot. The effect of vermicompost is equivalent to 10 catties of farmyard manure, which is economical, convenient and affordable. Crops are not easy to get sick, and at the same time increase the ability of plant roots to fix nitrogen, decompose potassium, and decompose phosphorus, improve soil physical and chemical properties, make soil components diversified and easy to absorb, and generate bioenergy for soil fertility formation and development, and improve soil Inorganic and inorganic The power of energy conversion between objects, protecting the ecological environment of the land.

Rich in humic acid, adjust soil pH, improve soil fertility: humic acid content 21-40%, contains a variety of digestive enzymes and bacterial substances that neutralize soil pH, can increase soil neutral phosphoric acid, protease, urease and sucrase activity, thereby improving the soil's fertilizer supply capacity, resisting heavy cropping without reducing yield, improving soil structure and balancing pH, and finally reflected in crop growth, yield and quality. Significantly improve crop quality and restore the natural flavor of crops. Used in vegetables and fruits, it can promote thick branches and leaves, plump fruits, bright color, pure taste, sweet and crisp taste, early maturity and long harvest period. The internal and external quality meets the standard requirements of organic agricultural products.

Vermicompost is sprinkled on the soil surface near the plants to form a layer of beneficial microorganisms on the soil surface, which can receive the effect of water storage and moisture conservation, make the root system of surface plants develop, and make full use of nutrients on the soil surface, which is especially beneficial to the growth of root systems of shallow-rooted plants.

3. Centralized processing of straw resources to solve environmental problems

After centralized collection, crushing, sterilization, fermentation, and biochemical treatment of crop straw, it is highly efficient and non-toxic, turning waste into treasure, achieving the purpose of controlling non-point source pollution and improving soil. It not only solves the environmental problems caused by straw burning, but also promotes the cycle of breeding and planting. Economic and ecological agriculture integration process.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of bio-organic fertilizer production in the embodiment of the present invention 1;

Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of preparing microbial inoculum in the embodiment of the present invention 1;

Fig. 3 is a process flow chart of the production of bio-organic fertilizer in Example 4 of the present invention.

detailed description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In order to avoid too many unnecessary details, well-known structures or functions will not be described in detail in the following embodiments.

Approximate language used in the following examples is for quantitative representations, indicating that certain variations in quantities are permissible without altering essential function. Accordingly, values modified by language such as "about", "approximately" and the like are not limited to the exact value itself. In some embodiments, "about" means that the corrected value is allowed to vary within the range of plus or minus ten percent (10%), for example, "about 100" means any value between 90 and 110. Furthermore, in the expression "about the first value to the second value", both values of the first value and the second value are corrected approximately at the same time. In some cases, the language of approximation may relate to the precision of the measuring instrument.

Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used in the following examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Example 1

A method for producing granular bio-organic fertilizer utilizing livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

1) Crush crop straw and mix it with dehydrated livestock and poultry manure for composting and decomposing. During the decomposing process, the raw materials are piled up into strip-shaped ridges with a width of 2m and a height of 1.5m. At the same time, a certain amount of solid decomposing agent is added to maintain The water content of the compost is 50%, the C/N in the compost is controlled at 20, the oxygen content in the compost is at 8%, and the temperature of the compost is controlled at 45°C;

2) After 2 days of composting, when the temperature exceeds 55°C, start to turn the compost. After repeated several times, the composting temperature gradually decreases, and when the temperature is basically constant, the composting is complete;

3) taking the decomposed material and carrying out earthworm breeding to obtain a product.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the following conditions are met:

After step 3) is completed, continue to perform the following steps: proportioning, mixing, granulating, drying, cooling, sieving, and coating the product in sequence.

The decomposing agent used in it is prepared by the following method: the initial microbial bacteria are cultivated in the laboratory, and through the field test of the product, effective strains are selected to be cultivated in the laboratory reaction tank, and finally expanded and propagated in the microbial fertilizer production workshop. Slope activation of a single strain in a bacterial environment, and then the activated strains are pulled into the culture medium of the Erlenmeyer flask for constant temperature culture on a shaking table; after the culture of the strains is completed, compound and mixed fermentation is carried out, and then the bacterial liquid is press-filtered or concentrated , and use ultra-fine calcium carbonate, humic acid solid material after activation treatment for adsorption to produce powdery organic material decomposing agent.

Wherein used Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria.

The microorganisms used in it are prepared by the following method: the strains are activated on a separate slope, and then they are cultured at a constant temperature on a shaking table in the culture medium of a triangular flask. Combined fermentation, after the fermentation of the strains reaches the technical requirements, the humic acid after activation treatment and the addition of plant nutrients or water-retaining agents are used for solid adsorption, and then solid-liquid separation and dehydration are carried out in the plate and frame filter press treatment to obtain the product.

Example 2

A method utilizing livestock and poultry manure to produce granular bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) Crush crop straw and mix it with dehydrated livestock and poultry manure for composting and decomposing. During the decomposing process, the raw materials are piled up into strip-shaped ridges with a width of 2m and a height of 1.5m. At the same time, a certain amount of solid decomposing agent is added to maintain The water content of the compost is 60%, the C/N in the compost is controlled at 30, the oxygen content in the compost is 18%, and the temperature of the compost is controlled at 65°C;

2) After 3 days of composting, when the temperature exceeds 55°C, start to turn the compost. After repeated several times, the composting temperature gradually decreases, and when the temperature is basically constant, the composting is complete;

3) taking the decomposed material and carrying out earthworm breeding to obtain a product.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the following conditions are met:

After step 3) is completed, continue to perform the following steps: proportioning, mixing, granulating, drying, cooling, sieving, and coating the product in sequence.

Wherein used Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria.

Example 3

A method utilizing livestock and poultry manure to produce granular bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) Crush crop straw and mix it with dehydrated livestock and poultry manure for composting and decomposing. During the decomposing process, the raw materials are piled up into strip-shaped ridges with a width of 2m and a height of 1.5m. At the same time, a certain amount of solid decomposing agent is added to maintain The water content of the compost is 55%, the C/N in the compost is controlled at 25, the oxygen content in the compost is 13%, and the temperature of the compost is controlled at 55°C;

2) After 2.5 days of composting, when the temperature exceeds 55°C, start to turn the compost. After repeated several times, the composting temperature gradually decreases, and when the temperature is basically constant, the composting is complete;

3) taking the decomposed material and carrying out earthworm breeding to obtain a product.

Example 4

A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock crop stalks, comprising the following steps:

1) Take the crop stalks, pile them up after being pulverized, add a decomposing bacteria agent to decompose, turn over the pile during the process, and obtain an organic matrix after sieving;

2) Mixing the organic matrix obtained in step 1) with the microbial inoculant to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. All modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the application scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a method utilizing livestock and poultry manure to produce granular bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that comprising the following steps: 1) Crush crop straw and mix it with dehydrated livestock and poultry manure for composting and decomposing. During the decomposing process, the raw materials are piled up into strip-shaped ridges with a width of 2m and a height of 1.5m. At the same time, a certain amount of solid decomposing agent is added to maintain The water content of the compost is 50-60%, the C/N in the compost is controlled between 20-30, the oxygen content in the compost is 8-18%, and the temperature of the compost is controlled within the range of 45-65°C; 2) After 2 to 3 days of composting, when the temperature exceeds 55°C, start to turn the compost. After repeated several times, the composting temperature gradually decreases, and when the temperature is basically constant, the composting is complete; 3) taking the decomposed material and carrying out earthworm breeding to obtain a product. 2. a kind of method utilizing livestock and poultry manure to produce granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 3) continues to carry out following steps after finishing: Proportioning, mixing, granulating, drying are carried out to product successively Drying, cooling, sieving, coating. 3. a kind of method utilizing livestock and poultry manure to produce granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that the decomposing agent used wherein is prepared by the following method: initial microbial bacterium is cultivated in the laboratory, through In the field test of the product, effective strains are selected to be cultivated in laboratory reaction tanks, and finally expanded and propagated in the microbial fertilizer production workshop, and a single strain is activated on a slant in a sterile environment, and then the activated strains are pulled into the culture medium of the triangular flask Carry out constant temperature culture on a shaking table alone; after the strain culture is completed, carry out compound mixed fermentation, and then press filter or concentrate the bacterial liquid, and use ultrafine calcium carbonate and activated humic acid solid materials for adsorption to produce powder decomposing agent for organic materials. 4. a kind of method utilizing livestock and poultry manure to produce granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that wherein used bacillus megaterium, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria . 5. a kind of method utilizing livestock and poultry manure to produce granular bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 4 is characterized in that the microorganisms used wherein are prepared by the following method: bacterial strain is carried out independent inclined-plane activation, then in Erlenmeyer flask Shaking table constant temperature culture is carried out in the culture medium. After the culture of the strain is completed, the seed tank and fermenter of the fermentation process are implanted for joint fermentation. After the fermentation of the strain reaches the process requirements, the activated humic acid and Add plant nutrients or water-retaining agent to carry out solid adsorption, and then carry out solid-liquid separation and dehydration treatment in the plate and frame filter press to obtain the product. 6. A method of utilizing livestock crop stalks to produce bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) Take the crop stalks, pile them up after being pulverized, add a decomposing bacteria agent to decompose, turn over the pile during the process, and obtain an organic matrix after sieving; 2) Mixing the organic matrix obtained in step 1) with the microbial inoculant to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.