CN107262910A - A kind of method for improving aluminium/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding strength of joint - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving aluminium/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding strength of joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN107262910A CN107262910A CN201710706696.3A CN201710706696A CN107262910A CN 107262910 A CN107262910 A CN 107262910A CN 201710706696 A CN201710706696 A CN 201710706696A CN 107262910 A CN107262910 A CN 107262910A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxyalumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/42—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of light metals
- C25D3/44—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
一种提高铝/钛异种金属超声点焊接头强度的方法，属于焊接技术领域。技术要点为：步骤一：在铝/钛异种金属搭接面之间加入中间层；步骤二：放在超声点焊机底砧上，在焊接时间为500ms～2000ms，压力为0.1MPa～0.5MPa，振幅为20μm～50μm的工艺参数条件下进行超声点焊。本发明解决了超声焊接中因钛合金塑化温度高、强度大而导致的接过程中难以充分塑形变形及原子扩散的问题，加入中间层从而获得了较好的机械结合和冶金结合的问题。
The invention discloses a method for improving the strength of an aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding joint, which belongs to the field of welding technology. The technical points are: Step 1: Add an intermediate layer between the overlapping surfaces of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metals; Step 2: Put it on the anvil of the ultrasonic spot welding machine, the welding time is 500ms~2000ms, and the pressure is 0.1MPa~0.5MPa , Ultrasonic spot welding is carried out under the condition of process parameters with an amplitude of 20 μm to 50 μm. The invention solves the problem of difficulty in fully plastic deformation and atomic diffusion in the welding process caused by the high plasticization temperature and high strength of titanium alloy in ultrasonic welding, and the problem of better mechanical bonding and metallurgical bonding is obtained by adding an intermediate layer .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种提高异种金属超声点焊接头强度的方法，具体涉及一种提高铝/钛异种金属超声点焊接头强度的方法，属于焊接技术领域。The invention relates to a method for improving the strength of ultrasonic spot welding joints of dissimilar metals, in particular to a method for improving the strength of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding joints, and belongs to the field of welding technology.
背景技术Background technique
在航空、航天及汽车等领域，出于减轻重量、降低成本以及特殊使用性能等方面的考虑，铝合金和钛合金以其高比强度、高断裂韧性等优点而被大量采用。在铝/钛异种金属复合结构的设计当中，实现两者的连接是关键。采用机械方法连接铝/钛难以满足结构密封性和使用性能的要求，在实际生产中广泛采用焊接方法来实现铝/钛的连接。然而，铝与钛的物理、化学性质差异较大，导致其焊接性较差，常用的熔化焊、钎焊、熔钎焊等方法难以实现铝/钛的优质高效连接，从而限制了铝/钛异种金属复合结构的进一步应用，因此迫切需要开发新的连接技术，推动铝/钛异种金属轻量化复合结构走向实用化，这对于其它异种难焊金属的连接问题也有着重要的参考价值。In the fields of aviation, aerospace and automobiles, aluminum alloys and titanium alloys are widely used due to their high specific strength, high fracture toughness and other advantages due to the consideration of weight reduction, cost reduction and special performance. In the design of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal composite structures, the connection between the two is the key. It is difficult to meet the requirements of structural tightness and service performance by mechanical methods to connect aluminum/titanium. In actual production, welding methods are widely used to realize the connection of aluminum/titanium. However, the physical and chemical properties of aluminum and titanium are quite different, resulting in poor weldability. Commonly used methods such as fusion welding, brazing, and fusion brazing are difficult to achieve high-quality and efficient aluminum/titanium connections, thus limiting the quality of aluminum/titanium. For the further application of dissimilar metal composite structures, it is urgent to develop new connection technologies to promote the practical application of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal lightweight composite structures, which also has important reference value for the connection of other dissimilar refractory metals.
超声焊接是通过施加于工件上的静压力以及声学系统的高频超声振动共同作用，将弹性振动所产生的能量转化成为金属材料的塑性流、焊接界面的摩擦功及热能，而且焊接界面的氧化膜和表面附着物会被破碎与驱散，并使得位错聚集，发生大量塑性变形，从而使焊接界面的金属原子被激活，实现金属焊件间的固相连接。相对于其他焊接方法，超声焊接输出功率低，焊接时间短，有利于抑制金属间化合物的形成，缺点是对于高强度合金如钛合金，超声焊接过程中难以充分塑形变形及原子扩散，从而获得较好的机械结合和冶金结合。Ultrasonic welding is to convert the energy generated by elastic vibration into plastic flow of metal materials, friction work and thermal energy of the welding interface through the joint action of the static pressure applied to the workpiece and the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration of the acoustic system, and the oxidation of the welding interface The film and surface attachments will be broken and dissipated, and the dislocations will gather and a large amount of plastic deformation will occur, so that the metal atoms at the welding interface will be activated and the solid phase connection between the metal weldments will be realized. Compared with other welding methods, ultrasonic welding has low output power and short welding time, which is beneficial to inhibit the formation of intermetallic compounds. The disadvantage is that for high-strength alloys such as titanium alloys, it is difficult to fully deform and atomize during ultrasonic welding, so as to obtain Good mechanical and metallurgical bonding.
发明内容Contents of the invention
在下文中给出了关于本发明的简要概述，以便提供关于本发明的某些方面的基本理解。应当理解，这个概述并不是关于本发明的穷举性概述。它并不是意图确定本发明的关键或重要部分，也不是意图限定本发明的范围。其目的仅仅是以简化的形式给出某些概念，以此作为稍后论述的更详细描述的前序。A brief overview of the invention is given below in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical parts of the invention nor to delineate the scope of the invention. Its purpose is merely to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种提高铝/钛异种金属超声点焊接头强度的方法，解决了超声焊接中因钛合金塑化温度高、强度大而导致的接过程中难以充分塑形变形及原子扩散，从而难以获得较好的机械结合和冶金结合的问题。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the strength of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding joints, which solves the difficulty in fully shaping the joint process caused by the high plasticizing temperature and high strength of titanium alloys in ultrasonic welding. Deformation and atomic diffusion make it difficult to obtain good mechanical and metallurgical bonding.
本发明提供了一种提高铝/钛异种金属超声点焊接头强度的方法，具体为：The invention provides a method for improving the strength of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding joints, specifically:
步骤一：在铝/钛异种金属搭接面之间加入中间层；Step 1: adding an intermediate layer between the overlapping surfaces of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metals;
步骤二：放在超声点焊机底砧上，在焊接时间为500ms～2000ms，压力为0.1MPa～0.5MPa，振幅为20μm～50μm的工艺参数条件下进行超声点焊。Step 2: Put it on the anvil of an ultrasonic spot welding machine, and perform ultrasonic spot welding under the conditions of welding time of 500 ms to 2000 ms, pressure of 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa, and amplitude of 20 μm to 50 μm.
进一步地：所述步骤一中，中间层为电镀铝层、纯铝金属粉末或纯铝箔片；所述电镀铝层电镀于钛合金板上；所述纯铝金属粉末置于钛合金板材搭接区域表面；所述纯铝箔片置于钛合金板与铝合金板搭接区域。Further: in the first step, the middle layer is an electroplated aluminum layer, pure aluminum metal powder or pure aluminum foil; the electroplated aluminum layer is electroplated on the titanium alloy plate; the pure aluminum metal powder is placed on the titanium alloy plate to overlap The surface of the area: the pure aluminum foil is placed in the overlapping area of the titanium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate.
进一步地：所述电镀铝层电镀于钛合金板上所采用的电镀液质量百分含量组成为正丁醚88％，无水三氯化铝4％，正丁醇铝8％。Further: the electroplating solution used for electroplating the electroplated aluminum layer on the titanium alloy plate consists of 88% n-butyl ether, 4% anhydrous aluminum trichloride, and 8% aluminum n-butoxide.
进一步地：电镀时电流为2～5A/dm2，电镀时间1～2小时。Further: during electroplating, the current is 2-5A/dm 2 , and the electroplating time is 1-2 hours.
进一步地：所述纯铝金属粉末粒度不大于10μm。Further: the particle size of the pure aluminum metal powder is not greater than 10 μm.
进一步地：所述纯铝箔片厚度小于0.2mm。Further: the thickness of the pure aluminum foil is less than 0.2mm.
进一步地：所述步骤二中，焊接时间为600ms～1400ms，压力为0.2MPa～0.4MPa，振幅为27μm～37μm。Further: in the second step, the welding time is 600ms-1400ms, the pressure is 0.2MPa-0.4MPa, and the amplitude is 27μm-37μm.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
与现有铝/钛异种金属直接进行超声点焊相比，本发明提高铝/钛异种金属超声点焊接头强度的方法是通过在钛合金与铝合金搭接区域中间添加纯铝夹层，使得焊接界面为铝/铝同种金属，既解决了由钛合金塑化温度高、强度大导致的焊接界面机械结合、冶金结合的不充分的问题，又能避免铝/钛异种连接焊接过程中可能的产生的金属间化合物。本发明获得的铝/钛异种金属超声点焊搭接接头的强度与采用铝/钛异种金属直接进行超声点焊相比获得的焊接接头的强度明显提高。本发明还可以以较小的热输入获得优质的焊缝，提高了生产效率，且工艺简单，易于实现，成本低廉，有效的提高了铝/钛异种金属超声点焊接头强度。Compared with the direct ultrasonic spot welding of existing aluminum/titanium dissimilar metals, the method of the present invention to improve the strength of the ultrasonic spot welding joints of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metals is to add a pure aluminum interlayer in the middle of the overlapping area between the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy, so that the welding The interface is the same metal of aluminum/aluminum, which not only solves the problem of insufficient mechanical bonding and metallurgical bonding of the welding interface caused by the high plasticization temperature and high strength of titanium alloys, but also avoids possible problems during the welding process of aluminum/titanium dissimilar connections. produced intermetallic compounds. The strength of the aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding lap joint obtained by the invention is significantly improved compared with the strength of the welded joint obtained by direct ultrasonic spot welding of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metals. The invention can also obtain high-quality welds with relatively small heat input, improve production efficiency, and has simple process, easy realization, low cost, and effectively improves the strength of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal ultrasonic spot welding joints.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明铝/钛异种金属超声点焊加中间层的搭接接头示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lap joint of aluminum/titanium dissimilar metals ultrasonic spot welding plus an intermediate layer according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
在下文中将结合附图对本发明的示范性实施例进行描述。为了清楚和简明起见，在说明书中并未描述实际实施方式的所有特征。然而，应该了解，在开发任何这种实际实施例的过程中必须做出很多特定于实施方式的决定，以便实现开发人员的具体目标，例如，符合与系统及业务相关的那些限制条件，并且这些限制条件可能会随着实施方式的不同而有所改变。此外，还应该了解，虽然开发工作有可能是非常复杂和费时的，但对得益于本发明公开内容的本领域技术人员来说，这种开发工作仅仅是例行的任务。Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the interest of clarity and conciseness, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It should be understood, however, that in developing any such practical embodiment, many implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as meeting those constraints related to the system and business, and those Restrictions may vary from implementation to implementation. Furthermore, it should be understood that development work, while potentially complex and time-consuming, would be a routine undertaking for those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
在此，还需要说明的一点是，为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明，在附图中仅仅示出了与根据本发明的方案密切相关的装置结构和/或处理步骤，而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。Here, it should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only the device structure and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and the Other details not relevant to the present invention are described.
实施例1：本实施例是通过以下步骤实现的：Embodiment 1: This embodiment is realized through the following steps:
一、配制电镀液，其组成如下(质量百分含量)：正丁醚：88％；无水三氯化铝：4％；正丁醇铝：8％，将各组分均匀混合后倒入磁力搅拌器中；1. Prepare the electroplating solution, which is composed as follows (mass percentage): n-butyl ether: 88%; anhydrous aluminum trichloride: 4%; aluminum n-butoxide: 8%, and pour each component evenly after mixing in a magnetic stirrer;
二、电镀，以钛合金板为阴极，以铝板为阳极，将两者进行通电，在阴极电流为2～5A/dm2条件下进行电镀一小时；将获得的镀铝钛合金板置于上层，铝合金板置于下层，两者搭接，放于超声点焊机底砧上，在焊接时间为600ms～1400ms，压力为0.2MPa～0.4MPa，振幅为27μm～37μm的工艺参数下进行焊接。2. Electroplating, with the titanium alloy plate as the cathode and the aluminum plate as the anode, both are energized, and the electroplating is carried out under the condition of a cathode current of 2-5A/dm2 for one hour; the obtained aluminized titanium alloy plate is placed on the upper layer , the aluminum alloy plate is placed on the lower layer, the two are overlapped, placed on the anvil of the ultrasonic spot welding machine, and welded under the welding time of 600ms~1400ms, the pressure of 0.2MPa~0.4MPa, and the amplitude of 27μm~37μm. .
实施例2：本实施例是通过以下步骤实现的：Embodiment 2: This embodiment is realized through the following steps:
一、将粒度不大于10μm的纯铝粉末与乙醇均匀混合，质量比为1:4；用刷子将获得的溶液涂抹于钛合金板材搭接区域表面，自然晾干；1. Evenly mix pure aluminum powder with a particle size not greater than 10 μm and ethanol at a mass ratio of 1:4; apply the obtained solution to the surface of the overlapping area of the titanium alloy plate with a brush, and let it dry naturally;
二、将获得的涂有纯铝粉末的钛合金板置于上层，铝合金板置于下层，两者搭接，放于超声点焊机底砧上，在焊接时间为600ms～1400ms，压力为0.2MPa～0.4MPa，振幅为27μm～37μm的工艺参数下进行焊接。2. Place the obtained titanium alloy plate coated with pure aluminum powder on the upper layer, and the aluminum alloy plate on the lower layer. The two are overlapped and placed on the anvil of the ultrasonic spot welding machine. The welding time is 600ms ~ 1400ms, and the pressure is Welding is carried out under the process parameters of 0.2MPa～0.4MPa and the amplitude of 27μm～37μm.
实施例3：本实施例是通过以下步骤实现的：Embodiment 3: the present embodiment is realized through the following steps:
一、将厚度小于0.2mm的纯铝箔片置于钛合金板与铝合金板搭接区域，夹层尺寸充满搭接区域，以保证焊接过程的连续性和有效性；1. Place pure aluminum foil with a thickness of less than 0.2mm on the overlapping area between the titanium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate, and the interlayer size fills the overlapping area to ensure the continuity and effectiveness of the welding process;
二、放于超声点焊机底砧上，在焊接时间为600ms～1400ms，压力为0.2MPa～0.4MPa，振幅为27μm～37μm的工艺参数下进行焊接。2. Put it on the bottom anvil of an ultrasonic spot welding machine, and perform welding under the process parameters of welding time 600ms~1400ms, pressure 0.2MPa~0.4MPa, and amplitude 27μm~37μm.
虽然本发明所揭示的实施方式如上，但其内容只是为了便于理解本发明的技术方案而采用的实施方式，并非用于限定本发明。任何本发明所属技术领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭示的核心技术方案的前提下，可以在实施的形式和细节上做任何修改与变化，但本发明所限定的保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书限定的范围为准。Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the content thereof is only for the convenience of understanding the technical solutions of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of implementation without departing from the core technical solution disclosed in the present invention, but the scope of protection defined by the present invention remains The scope defined by the appended claims shall prevail.
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