CN107235440A - A kind of liquid electricity mixing energy conserving system for lifting mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of liquid electricity mixing energy conserving system for lifting mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN107235440A CN107235440A CN201710428151.0A CN201710428151A CN107235440A CN 107235440 A CN107235440 A CN 107235440A CN 201710428151 A CN201710428151 A CN 201710428151A CN 107235440 A CN107235440 A CN 107235440A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims 8
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F3/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads
- B66F3/46—Combinations of several jacks with means for interrelating lifting or lowering movements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F3/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads
- B66F3/44—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads with self-contained electric driving motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统，该系统通过增加电动缸、电机转速控制器、双向DC/DC变换器、超级电容组和压力传感器，结合相应的控制方法，实现了动臂下降时，将其重力势能直接转化为电能为超级电容组充电；当动臂提升时，超级电容组为电动缸的驱动电机提供电能以辅助驱动。本发明公开的一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统具有动臂势能的存储利用效率高、输出平稳，装机功率小等优点。
The invention discloses a hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism. The system adds an electric cylinder, a motor speed controller, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a supercapacitor group and a pressure sensor, and combines a corresponding control method. When the boom is lowered, its gravitational potential energy is directly converted into electric energy to charge the supercapacitor bank; when the boom is raised, the supercapacitor bank provides electric energy for the drive motor of the electric cylinder to assist in driving. A hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high storage and utilization efficiency of the potential energy of the boom, stable output, and small installed power.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于举升机构能量回收领域，具体涉及一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统。The invention belongs to the field of energy recovery of a lifting mechanism, and in particular relates to a hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism.
背景技术Background technique
目前，广泛使用的挖掘机，装载机等作业机械因为工作环境恶劣、作业状态复杂、载荷变化剧烈，使得发动机工作范围变化大，造成整机能源利用率较低，排放特性差。同时这些装备的举升机构主要采用液压系统驱动，在工作过程中需要动臂频繁升降，由于动臂自重较大，液压系统驱动其上升时需要克服重力做功，部分液压能转换为工作机构的势能，但在其下降时，动臂的势能通常转化为液压能，再经过控制阀转化为热量耗散掉，这使得液压系统温度升高，可靠性下降，同时造成了大量的能源浪费。At present, widely used excavators, loaders and other operating machinery have a bad working environment, complex working conditions, and severe load changes, which make the engine's working range change greatly, resulting in low energy utilization and poor emission characteristics of the whole machine. At the same time, the lifting mechanism of these equipments is mainly driven by a hydraulic system. During the working process, the boom needs to be raised and lowered frequently. Due to the heavy weight of the boom, the hydraulic system needs to overcome the gravity to do work when driving it up, and part of the hydraulic energy is converted into the potential energy of the working mechanism. , but when it descends, the potential energy of the boom is usually converted into hydraulic energy, which is then converted into heat and dissipated through the control valve, which makes the temperature of the hydraulic system rise, the reliability decreases, and a large amount of energy is wasted.
为解决上述技术问题，常采用液气储能方式或电气储能方式来回收利用能量。专利(CN 202391827 U)和专利(CN 103993625 A)使用了液气储能方式来回收动臂的下降势能。然而使用液气储能方式需要考虑气体的泄漏问题、所需机械体积的问题、动态响应慢的问题及蓄能器压力波动较大影响可控性的问题。专利(CN 101435451 A)利用电气储能方式来回收能量，在动臂下放时，首先将油液储存到蓄能器中，在利用蓄能器中的油液驱动液压马达，液压马达再驱动电动/发电机，最终将动臂重力势能转换为电能，存储到超级电容或电池中。这种能量回收方式能量经过多次转换，效率较低，不适合于小型机械。In order to solve the above technical problems, liquid gas energy storage or electrical energy storage are often used to recover and utilize energy. Patent (CN 202391827 U) and patent (CN 103993625 A) use liquid-gas energy storage to recover the downward potential energy of the boom. However, the use of liquid-gas energy storage needs to consider the problem of gas leakage, the required mechanical volume, the problem of slow dynamic response, and the problem that the large pressure fluctuation of the accumulator affects the controllability. The patent (CN 101435451 A) uses electrical energy storage to recover energy. When the boom is lowered, the oil is first stored in the accumulator, and the oil in the accumulator is used to drive the hydraulic motor, which then drives the electric motor. / Generator, and finally convert the gravitational potential energy of the boom into electrical energy, which is stored in a supercapacitor or battery. The energy of this energy recovery method has been converted many times, and the efficiency is low, so it is not suitable for small machines.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有能量回收技术的不足，提供一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统，以实现动臂势能的高效回收和再利用。The invention aims at the deficiencies of the existing energy recovery technology, and provides a hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism, so as to realize the efficient recovery and reuse of the potential energy of the boom.
一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统，包括动力源(1)、液压泵(2)、油箱(3)、溢流阀(4)、液压回路(5)、至少一个动臂液压缸(11)、动臂(7)、控制单元(13)、至少一个电动缸(8)、电机转速控制器(12)、双向DC/DC变换器(10)、超级电容组(9)和压力传感器(6)；动力源输出轴与液压泵连接，液压泵的出油口与液压回路的进油口P和溢流阀进油口连接，溢流阀的出油口与油箱连接；液压回路的回油口T与油箱连接；动臂液压缸的无杆腔和有杆腔分别通过管路与液压回路的工作油口A和工作油口B连接，压力传感器安装在与动臂液压缸无杆腔连接的管路上，用于检测动臂液压缸无杆腔的压力PA；电动缸的驱动电机与电机转速控制器相连；双向DC/DC变换器的输入端和输出端分别与电机转速控制器连接的直流母线和超级电容组连接；压力传感器、电控阀、电机转速控制器以及双向DC/DC变换器与控制单元连接并交互信号；A hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism, comprising a power source (1), a hydraulic pump (2), an oil tank (3), an overflow valve (4), a hydraulic circuit (5), at least one boom hydraulic cylinder (11), boom (7), control unit (13), at least one electric cylinder (8), motor speed controller (12), bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), supercapacitor bank (9) and Pressure sensor (6); the output shaft of the power source is connected to the hydraulic pump, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil inlet P of the hydraulic circuit and the oil inlet of the relief valve, and the oil outlet of the relief valve is connected to the oil tank; The oil return port T of the circuit is connected to the oil tank; the rodless chamber and the rod chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the working oil port A and working oil port B of the hydraulic circuit through pipelines, and the pressure sensor is installed on the hydraulic cylinder connected to the boom hydraulic cylinder. The pipeline connected to the rodless chamber is used to detect the pressure PA of the rodless chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder; the drive motor of the electric cylinder is connected to the motor speed controller; the input and output ends of the bidirectional DC/DC converter are respectively connected to the motor The DC bus connected to the speed controller is connected to the super capacitor bank; the pressure sensor, electric control valve, motor speed controller and bidirectional DC/DC converter are connected to the control unit and exchange signals;
动臂液压缸与电动缸前后布置在举升机构的中心线上，其缸体端分别通过第二液压缸销轴和第二电动缸销轴铰接至上车架上，其活塞杆端分别通过第一液压缸销轴和第一电动缸销轴铰接至动臂上。The boom hydraulic cylinder and the electric cylinder are arranged on the center line of the lifting mechanism. A pin shaft of a hydraulic cylinder and a pin shaft of the first electric cylinder are hinged to the boom.
在举升机构开始工作时，控制单元根据压力传感器输出信号u与其预设值的比对结果控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器的工作状态：动臂下降时，压力传感器的输出信号u低于其预设值，此时电动缸的驱动电机处于发电状态，控制单元控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器工作，使电动缸的驱动电机发出的电能通过双向DC/DC变换器为超级电容组充电，这样，动臂的重力势能直接转化为电能被部分回收；当动臂提升时，压力传感器的输出信号u高于其预设值，此时电动缸的驱动电机应处于电动状态，控制单元控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器工作，使得超级电容组为电动缸的驱动电机提供电能，电动缸与动臂液压缸一起驱动动臂上升。When the lifting mechanism starts to work, the control unit controls the working state of the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter according to the comparison result of the output signal u of the pressure sensor and its preset value: when the boom is lowered, the output signal of the pressure sensor When u is lower than its preset value, the driving motor of the electric cylinder is in the power generation state at this time, and the control unit controls the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter to work, so that the electric energy generated by the driving motor of the electric cylinder is converted by bidirectional DC/DC In this way, the gravitational potential energy of the boom is directly converted into electric energy and partially recovered; when the boom is raised, the output signal u of the pressure sensor is higher than its preset value, and the driving motor of the electric cylinder should be at this time In the electric state, the control unit controls the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter to work, so that the super capacitor bank provides electric energy for the driving motor of the electric cylinder, and the electric cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder of the boom drive the boom to rise together.
当系统中包括两个动臂液压缸或两个电动缸时，单个的动臂液压缸或电动缸布置在举升机构的中心线上，动臂液压缸与电动缸平行布置，其缸体端通过第二液压缸销轴同轴铰接至上车架上，其活塞杆端分别通过第一液压缸销轴和第一电动缸销轴铰接至动臂上。When the system includes two boom hydraulic cylinders or two electric cylinders, a single boom hydraulic cylinder or electric cylinder is arranged on the center line of the lifting mechanism, and the boom hydraulic cylinder and the electric cylinder are arranged in parallel, and the cylinder end The pin shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder is coaxially hinged to the upper frame, and the end of the piston rod is respectively hinged to the boom through the pin shaft of the first hydraulic cylinder and the pin shaft of the first electric cylinder.
所述电动缸的驱动电机由电网或蓄电池组供电。The drive motor of the electric cylinder is powered by the grid or battery pack.
所述电动缸的驱动电机是交流异步电机、开关磁阻电动机、直流电机或伺服电机中的一种。The driving motor of the electric cylinder is one of AC asynchronous motor, switched reluctance motor, DC motor or servo motor.
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统，具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, a hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for lifting mechanisms provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
1.本发明采用动臂重力势能-电能直接转换存储利用的方法：动臂下降时，电动缸的驱动电机处于发电状态，发出的电能通过双向DC/DC变换器为超级电容组充电，动臂重力势能直接转化为电能。当动臂提升时，电动缸的驱动电机应处于电动状态，超级电容组为电动缸的驱动电机提供电能，电能直接转化为动臂重力势能。因此，本发明避免了现有技术存在节流损失、能量多次转换的损失，可显著提升动臂势能的存储利用效率。1. The present invention adopts the method of direct conversion, storage and utilization of the boom gravitational potential energy-electric energy: when the boom is lowered, the driving motor of the electric cylinder is in the power generation state, and the electric energy sent is charged for the supercapacitor bank through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the boom The gravitational potential energy is directly converted into electrical energy. When the boom is lifted, the driving motor of the electric cylinder should be in the electric state, and the super capacitor group provides electric energy for the driving motor of the electric cylinder, and the electric energy is directly converted into the gravitational potential energy of the boom. Therefore, the present invention avoids throttling loss and energy multiple conversion loss in the prior art, and can significantly improve the storage and utilization efficiency of the potential energy of the boom.
2.本发明可以使液压系统驱动条件下，复杂状态的出现而导致动力源工作环境波动的问题得到缓解，使动力源的输出平稳，减小装机功率。2. The present invention can alleviate the problem of fluctuations in the working environment of the power source due to the emergence of complex states under the driving condition of the hydraulic system, make the output of the power source stable, and reduce the installed power.
3.本发明适用于多种举升机构，特别适合于混合动力或者全电驱动的工程机械的动臂举升机构，并且可运用于固定式举升机械。3. The present invention is applicable to various lifting mechanisms, especially suitable for boom lifting mechanisms of hybrid or all-electric drive engineering machinery, and can be applied to fixed lifting machinery.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明系统组成示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the system of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例1系统组成示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system composition of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例2系统组成示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system composition of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
图中：1：动力源；2：液压泵；3：油箱；4：溢流阀；5：液压回路；6：压力传感器；7：动臂；8：电动缸；9：超级电容组；10：双向DC/DC变换器；11：动臂液压缸；12：电机转速控制器；13：控制单元；14：第一液压缸销轴；15：动臂销轴；16：上车架；17：第二液压缸销轴；18：第一电动缸销轴；19：第二电动缸销轴。In the figure: 1: Power source; 2: Hydraulic pump; 3: Fuel tank; 4: Relief valve; 5: Hydraulic circuit; 6: Pressure sensor; 7: Boom; 8: Electric cylinder; 9: Super capacitor group; 10 : bidirectional DC/DC converter; 11: boom hydraulic cylinder; 12: motor speed controller; 13: control unit; 14: first hydraulic cylinder pin; 15: boom pin; 16: upper frame; 17 : Pin shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder; 18: Pin shaft of the first electric cylinder; 19: Pin shaft of the second electric cylinder.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图介绍本发明的详细技术方案：Introduce the detailed technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1所示，一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统，包括动力源1、液压泵2、油箱3、溢流阀4、液压回路5、至少一个动臂液压缸11、动臂7、控制单元13、至少一个电动缸8、电机转速控制器12、双向DC/DC变换器10、超级电容组9、压力传感器6动力源输出轴与液压泵连接，液压泵的出油口与液压回路的进油口P和溢流阀进油口连接，溢流阀的出油口与油箱连接；液压回路的回油口T与油箱连接；动臂液压缸的无杆腔和有杆腔分别通过管路与液压回路的工作油口A和工作油口B连接，压力传感器安装在与动臂液压缸无杆腔连接的管路上，用于检测动臂液压缸无杆腔的压力PA；电动缸的驱动电机与电机转速控制器相连；双向DC/DC变换器的输入端和输出端分别与电机转速控制器连接的直流母线和超级电容组连接；压力传感器、电控阀、电机转速控制器以及双向DC/DC变换器与控制单元连接并交互信号。As shown in Figure 1, a hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism includes a power source 1, a hydraulic pump 2, an oil tank 3, an overflow valve 4, a hydraulic circuit 5, at least one boom hydraulic cylinder 11, a dynamic Arm 7, control unit 13, at least one electric cylinder 8, motor speed controller 12, bidirectional DC/DC converter 10, supercapacitor bank 9, pressure sensor 6 power source output shaft is connected to the hydraulic pump, and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump It is connected to the oil inlet P of the hydraulic circuit and the oil inlet of the relief valve, and the oil outlet of the relief valve is connected to the oil tank; the oil return port T of the hydraulic circuit is connected to the oil tank; the rodless chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder and the rod The chambers are respectively connected to the working oil port A and the working oil port B of the hydraulic circuit through pipelines. The pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline connected to the rodless chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder to detect the pressure P of the rodless chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder. A ; the drive motor of the electric cylinder is connected to the motor speed controller; the input and output ends of the bidirectional DC/DC converter are respectively connected to the DC bus and the supercapacitor bank connected to the motor speed controller; pressure sensors, electric control valves, motors The speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter are connected with the control unit and exchange signals.
动臂液压缸与电动缸前后布置在举升机构的中心线上，其缸体端分别通过第二液压缸销轴和第二电动缸销轴铰接至上车架上，其活塞杆端分别通过第一液压缸销轴和第一电动缸销轴铰接至动臂上。The boom hydraulic cylinder and the electric cylinder are arranged on the center line of the lifting mechanism. A pin shaft of a hydraulic cylinder and a pin shaft of the first electric cylinder are hinged to the boom.
当系统中包括两个动臂液压缸或两个电动缸时，单个的动臂液压缸或电动缸布置在举升机构的中心线上，动臂液压缸与电动缸平行布置，其缸体端通过第二液压缸销轴同轴铰接至上车架上，其活塞杆端分别通过第一液压缸销轴和第一电动缸销轴铰接至动臂上。When the system includes two boom hydraulic cylinders or two electric cylinders, a single boom hydraulic cylinder or electric cylinder is arranged on the center line of the lifting mechanism, and the boom hydraulic cylinder and the electric cylinder are arranged in parallel, and the cylinder end The pin shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder is coaxially hinged to the upper frame, and the end of the piston rod is respectively hinged to the boom through the pin shaft of the first hydraulic cylinder and the pin shaft of the first electric cylinder.
在举升机构开始工作时，控制单元根据压力传感器输出信号u与其预设值的比对结果控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器的工作状态：动臂下降时，压力传感器的输出信号u低于其预设值，此时电动缸的驱动电机处于发电状态，控制单元控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器工作，使电动缸的驱动电机发出的电能通过双向DC/DC变换器为超级电容组充电，这样，动臂的重力势能直接转化为电能被部分回收；当动臂提升时，压力传感器的输出信号u高于其预设值，此时电动缸的驱动电机应处于电动状态，控制单元控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器工作，使得超级电容组为电动缸的驱动电机提供电能，电动缸与动臂液压缸一起驱动动臂上升。When the lifting mechanism starts to work, the control unit controls the working state of the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter according to the comparison result of the output signal u of the pressure sensor and its preset value: when the boom is lowered, the output signal of the pressure sensor When u is lower than its preset value, the driving motor of the electric cylinder is in the power generation state at this time, and the control unit controls the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter to work, so that the electric energy generated by the driving motor of the electric cylinder is converted by bidirectional DC/DC In this way, the gravitational potential energy of the boom is directly converted into electric energy and partially recovered; when the boom is raised, the output signal u of the pressure sensor is higher than its preset value, and the driving motor of the electric cylinder should be at this time In the electric state, the control unit controls the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter to work, so that the super capacitor bank provides electric energy for the driving motor of the electric cylinder, and the electric cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder of the boom drive the boom to rise together.
所述电动缸的驱动电机由电网或蓄电池组供电。The drive motor of the electric cylinder is powered by the grid or battery pack.
所述电动缸的驱动电机是交流异步电机、开关磁阻电动机、直流电机或伺服电机中的一种。The driving motor of the electric cylinder is one of AC asynchronous motor, switched reluctance motor, DC motor or servo motor.
实施例1Example 1
如图2所示，一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统，包括动力源1、液压泵2、油箱3、溢流阀4、液压回路5、两个动臂液压缸11、动臂7、控制单元13、一个电动缸8、电机转速控制器12、双向DC/DC变换器10、超级电容组9、压力传感器6动力源输出轴与液压泵连接，液压泵的出油口与液压回路的进油口P和溢流阀进油口连接，溢流阀的出油口与油箱连接；液压回路的回油口T与油箱连接；动臂液压缸的无杆腔和有杆腔分别通过管路与液压回路的工作油口A和工作油口B连接，压力传感器安装在与动臂液压缸无杆腔连接的管路上，用于检测动臂液压缸无杆腔的压力PA；电动缸的驱动电机与电机转速控制器相连；双向DC/DC变换器的输入端和输出端分别与电机转速控制器连接的直流母线和超级电容组连接；压力传感器、电控阀、电机转速控制器以及双向DC/DC变换器与控制单元连接并交互信号。As shown in Figure 2, a hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism includes a power source 1, a hydraulic pump 2, an oil tank 3, an overflow valve 4, a hydraulic circuit 5, two boom hydraulic cylinders 11, a moving An arm 7, a control unit 13, an electric cylinder 8, a motor speed controller 12, a bidirectional DC/DC converter 10, a supercapacitor bank 9, a pressure sensor 6, and a power source output shaft are connected to a hydraulic pump, and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic pump. The oil inlet P of the hydraulic circuit is connected to the oil inlet of the relief valve, and the oil outlet of the relief valve is connected to the oil tank; the oil return port T of the hydraulic circuit is connected to the oil tank; the rodless chamber and the rod chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder They are respectively connected to the working oil port A and the working oil port B of the hydraulic circuit through pipelines, and the pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline connected to the rodless chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder to detect the pressure P A of the rodless chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder The drive motor of the electric cylinder is connected to the motor speed controller; the input and output ends of the bidirectional DC/DC converter are respectively connected to the DC bus and the supercapacitor group connected to the motor speed controller; the pressure sensor, the electric control valve, the motor speed The controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter are connected with the control unit and exchange signals.
电动缸布置在举升机构的中心线上，两个动臂液压缸与电动缸平行布置，两个动臂液压缸对称式分布于电动缸的两侧，其缸体端通过第二液压缸销轴同轴铰接至上车架上，其活塞杆端分别通过第一液压缸销轴和第一电动缸销轴铰接至动臂上。动臂通过动臂销轴铰接在上车架上。The electric cylinder is arranged on the center line of the lifting mechanism, and the two boom hydraulic cylinders are arranged in parallel with the electric cylinder. The two boom hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the electric cylinder, and the cylinder end passes through the second hydraulic cylinder pin. The shaft is coaxially hinged to the upper frame, and its piston rod end is respectively hinged to the boom through the first hydraulic cylinder pin and the first electric cylinder pin. The boom is hinged on the upper frame through the boom pin.
实施例2Example 2
如图3所示，一种用于举升机构的液电混合节能系统，包括动力源1、液压泵2、油箱3、溢流阀4、液压回路5、一个动臂液压缸11、动臂7、控制单元13、两个电动缸8、两个电机转速控制器12、双向DC/DC变换器10、超级电容组9、压力传感器6动力源输出轴与液压泵连接，液压泵的出油口与液压回路的进油口P和溢流阀进油口连接，溢流阀的出油口与油箱连接；液压回路的回油口T与油箱连接；动臂液压缸的无杆腔和有杆腔分别通过管路与液压回路的工作油口A和工作油口B连接，压力传感器安装在与动臂液压缸无杆腔连接的管路上，用于检测动臂液压缸无杆腔的压力PA；电动缸的驱动电机与电机转速控制器相连；双向DC/DC变换器的输入端和输出端分别与电机转速控制器连接的直流母线和超级电容组连接；压力传感器、电控阀、电机转速控制器以及双向DC/DC变换器与控制单元连接并交互信号。As shown in Figure 3, a hydraulic-electric hybrid energy-saving system for a lifting mechanism includes a power source 1, a hydraulic pump 2, an oil tank 3, an overflow valve 4, a hydraulic circuit 5, a boom hydraulic cylinder 11, a boom 7. Control unit 13, two electric cylinders 8, two motor speed controllers 12, bidirectional DC/DC converter 10, supercapacitor group 9, pressure sensor 6. The output shaft of the power source is connected to the hydraulic pump, and the oil output of the hydraulic pump The port is connected to the oil inlet P of the hydraulic circuit and the oil inlet port of the relief valve, and the oil outlet of the relief valve is connected to the oil tank; the oil return port T of the hydraulic circuit is connected to the oil tank; the rodless chamber of the boom hydraulic cylinder and the The rod cavity is respectively connected to the working oil port A and the working oil port B of the hydraulic circuit through pipelines, and the pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline connected to the rodless cavity of the boom hydraulic cylinder to detect the pressure of the boom hydraulic cylinder rodless cavity P A ; the drive motor of the electric cylinder is connected to the motor speed controller; the input and output ends of the bidirectional DC/DC converter are respectively connected to the DC bus and the super capacitor bank connected to the motor speed controller; pressure sensors, electric control valves, The motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter are connected with the control unit and exchange signals.
动臂液压缸布置在举升机构的中心线上，动臂液压缸与两个电动缸平行布置，两个电动缸对称式分布于动臂液压缸的两侧，其缸体端通过第二液压缸销轴同轴铰接至上车架上，其活塞杆端分别通过第一液压缸销轴和第一电动缸销轴铰接至动臂上。动臂通过动臂销轴铰接在上车架上。The hydraulic cylinder of the boom is arranged on the center line of the lifting mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder of the boom is arranged in parallel with the two electric cylinders. The two electric cylinders are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder of the boom. The pin shaft of the cylinder is coaxially hinged to the upper frame, and the piston rod end is hinged to the boom through the pin shaft of the first hydraulic cylinder and the pin shaft of the first electric cylinder respectively. The boom is hinged on the upper frame through the boom pin.
实施例1和实施例2均采用以下控制方法：Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 all adopt following control method:
在举升机构开始工作时，控制单元根据压力传感器输出信号u与其预设值的比对结果控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器的工作状态：动臂下降时，压力传感器的输出信号u低于其预设值，此时电动缸的驱动电机处于发电状态，控制单元控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器工作，使电动缸的驱动电机发出的电能通过双向DC/DC变换器为超级电容组充电，这样，动臂的重力势能直接转化为电能被部分回收；当动臂提升时，压力传感器的输出信号u高于其预设值，此时电动缸的驱动电机应处于电动状态，控制单元控制电机转速控制器与双向DC/DC变换器工作，使得超级电容组为电动缸的驱动电机提供电能，电动缸与动臂液压缸一起驱动动臂上升。When the lifting mechanism starts to work, the control unit controls the working state of the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter according to the comparison result of the output signal u of the pressure sensor and its preset value: when the boom is lowered, the output signal of the pressure sensor When u is lower than its preset value, the driving motor of the electric cylinder is in the power generation state at this time, and the control unit controls the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter to work, so that the electric energy generated by the driving motor of the electric cylinder is converted by bidirectional DC/DC In this way, the gravitational potential energy of the boom is directly converted into electric energy and partially recovered; when the boom is raised, the output signal u of the pressure sensor is higher than its preset value, and the driving motor of the electric cylinder should be at this time In the electric state, the control unit controls the motor speed controller and the bidirectional DC/DC converter to work, so that the super capacitor bank provides electric energy for the driving motor of the electric cylinder, and the electric cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder of the boom drive the boom to rise together.
以上所述仅标明了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并非是对本发明的保护范围的限制。本发明并不限于挖掘机，也可以适用于装载机，起重机等其他工程机械中。The above descriptions only indicate several implementations of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are more specific and detailed, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to excavators, and can also be applied to loaders, cranes and other construction machinery.
本发明使用电动缸与液压缸共同驱动动臂，电动缸和液压缸的布置可按不同情况灵活变化：本发明用于轻型机械时，电动缸主要驱动动臂工作，液压缸可减少数目；用于重型机械时，电动缸辅助液压缸驱动动臂工作，电动缸用于回收动臂下放时势能。The present invention uses the electric cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder to jointly drive the boom, and the arrangement of the electric cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder can be flexibly changed according to different situations: when the present invention is used in light machinery, the electric cylinder mainly drives the boom to work, and the number of hydraulic cylinders can be reduced; For heavy machinery, the electric cylinder assists the hydraulic cylinder to drive the boom, and the electric cylinder is used to recover the potential energy when the boom is lowered.
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