CN107207912A - 用于封装具有防划痕涂层的聚碳酸酯窗玻璃的方法 - Google Patents
用于封装具有防划痕涂层的聚碳酸酯窗玻璃的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107207912A CN107207912A CN201580075496.1A CN201580075496A CN107207912A CN 107207912 A CN107207912 A CN 107207912A CN 201580075496 A CN201580075496 A CN 201580075496A CN 107207912 A CN107207912 A CN 107207912A
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- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- glass pane
- glass
- plasma nozzle
- diisocyanate
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于封装由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃的方法,该由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃在其至少一个表面上包含基于硅酮的抗磨硬涂层,所述方法包括以下连续步骤:(a)通过使用等离子体喷嘴的大气等离子体来处理带有该基于硅酮的硬涂层的窗玻璃表面的区域,在等离子体喷嘴的末端与窗玻璃的表面之间的距离最多等于7毫米,(b)在所述用大气等离子体处理的所述区域上,施用包含一种或多种溶于或悬浮于有机或含水溶剂中的选自二异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯和氯化聚烯烃的粘合促进剂的底漆组合物,(c)使溶剂蒸发以形成干底漆层,和(d)使热塑性聚合物在由该干底漆层覆盖的区域上包覆注塑。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于封装由聚碳酸酯制成的机动车辆窗玻璃的新型方法,其包括用大气等离子体的预处理的步骤。
在机动车辆的窗玻璃的工业领域中,术语“封装”是指聚合物材料围绕窗玻璃周边的包覆注塑的方法或步骤。材料以流体状态注入模具中,形成围绕窗玻璃边缘的密封框架。在通过聚合和/或交联反应(热固性聚合物的情况)或通过冷却(热塑性聚合物的情况)使该材料固化之后,将模具打开和移除,在窗玻璃的周围留下与窗玻璃的边缘和两个面中的至少一个,通常与窗玻璃的两个面都接触的成型的带。
形成该成型带的聚合物通常是能够用作窗玻璃和车厢之间的密封垫圈的弹性体。然而,不是弹性体的聚合物也可以通过封装进行包覆注塑,以起其它作用。所获得的成型珠粒这时通常是复合带,同时包含并置的非弹性体元件和弹性体元件。
在封装步骤之前通常是在窗玻璃周围的待包覆注塑的表面的清洁和活化步骤,然后将底漆施加到用于要与包覆注塑的成型带接触的活化区域上。
在由无机玻璃制成的机动车辆窗玻璃的领域中,已知在大气压下使用等离子体(也称为冷等离子体)的活化。表面的氧化导致形成能够与底漆反应的反应性基团(主要是SiOH基团)。
在由聚碳酸酯制成的机动车辆窗玻璃的领域中,在打底漆和封装之前,这种通过等离子体活化的技术迄今不允许得到令人满意的结果。
聚碳酸酯是用于替代硅酸盐玻璃(用于某些窗玻璃,例如玻璃屋顶,固定侧窗和后窗,以及用于前大灯漫射玻璃)的材料。尽管具有许多优点(低重量,耐冲击性,易成型),聚碳酸酯,作为机动车辆玻璃的替代材料,但具有对刮擦的高敏感性。
因此,所有由聚碳酸酯制成的机动车辆窗玻璃必须涂覆有防划伤(anti-scratching)和防划痕(anti-scoring)的透明硬涂层,以确保在该交通工具的使用寿命期间窗玻璃的足够的透明度。
这些涂层是基于硅酮(聚有机硅氧烷)和基于具有高硬度的纳米颗粒,通常二氧化硅颗粒的纳米复合材料。它们是具有小于30mN/m的表面能和约数百纳米(100-1000nm)厚度的疏水涂层。
当希望封装由这种通常由术语“硬涂层”表示的这种抗打磨/抗划伤涂层保护的由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃时,面对这种非常硬的、化学惰性的并且难以润湿的表面的难以活化的问题。已知的成功地用于无机玻璃的大气等离子体处理不允许使覆盖该由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃的硬涂层的表面活化。
允许改善含硅硬涂层的表面的润湿性,增加其粗糙度并引入能够与底漆组分(异氰酸酯)反应的化学官能团的令人满意的化学处理不是已知的。
到目前为止,唯一令人满意的允许获得底漆组合物和注射成型的封装材料的良好粘附作用的技术是对要封装的表面的机械打磨以去除硬涂层。然而,这种技术存在一定的问题:
-细小的塑胶粉尘可被附近的操作员吸入;
-机械打磨延长了周期时间,并对生产区(封闭室,抽气系统)的布局产生了大的限制;
-由机械打磨产生的粉尘可沉积在塑料玻璃板上,并在封装后产生不可接受的缺陷;
-需要许多预防性清洁操作。
在目的在于取代对在聚碳酸酯上的硬涂层的机械打磨的研究中,申请人惊奇地观察到,直到现在被判断是低效的已知技术允许实现这一目的,条件是在非常用的条件下使用它。
大气等离子体技术事实上在工业上以约1cm至5cm的喷嘴/待活化基材的距离(根据待处理的材料,等离子体的功率,喷嘴的尺寸和行进速率)进行使用。正是通过以小得多的喷嘴/基材距离用冷等离子体进行活化试验,发明人意识到这种已知技术,与迄今为止已经观察到的相反,允许提高被处理区的表面能和粗糙度,并允许在此引入,特别地通过氧化,能与底漆组合物反应的化学官能团。
与所担心的相反,这种通过“靠近的”冷等离子体的打磨并没有导致所处理的窗玻璃的热降解。它还允许缩短周期时间并大大降低与封装相关的成本。从环境和操作者的健康的角度来看,不形成粉尘构成了相当大的优势。
为了在由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃和由热塑性聚合物(其在封装模具中的固化不涉及化学反应)制成的包覆注塑带之间获得令人满意的粘附结果,还需要进行对用等离子体处理的区域进行打底。从这个观点来看,某些打底剂已被证明是特别令人满意的。
本发明的主题是一种用于封装由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃的方法,该由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃在其至少一个表面上包含基于硅酮的抗磨硬涂层,所述方法包括以下连续步骤:
(a)通过使用等离子体喷嘴的大气等离子体来处理带有基于硅酮的硬涂层的窗玻璃表面的区域,其中等离子体喷嘴的功率优选为100伏安至1000伏安,在等离子体喷嘴的末端与玻璃板的表面之间的距离最多等于7毫米,
(b)在所述用大气等离子体处理的区域上,施用包含一种或多种溶于或悬浮于有机或含水溶剂中的选自二异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯和氯化聚烯烃的粘合促进剂的底漆组合物,
(c)使溶剂蒸发以形成干底漆层,
(d)使热塑性聚合物在由干底漆层覆盖的区域上包覆注塑。
在本申请中,术语“等离子体喷嘴”和“等离子体焰炬”可无差别进行使用以表示产生不处于热平衡的后放电(une post-décharge hors équilibre thermiqu)的等离子体源。
术语“等离子体喷嘴的末端与窗玻璃的表面之间的距离”应被理解为等离子体射流的出口孔与待处理的硬涂层的表面之间的最短距离。
等离子体喷嘴优选具有为200至900伏安,特别地300至800伏安,理想地400至700伏安的功率。
等离子体喷嘴可以是可旋转喷嘴,其中等离子体射流的出口孔围绕喷嘴的中心轴线高速旋转。在这种可旋转喷嘴中,等离子体射流的轴线可以在待处理的表面的法线上,但是它也可以相对于该法线倾斜。来自可旋转喷嘴的倾斜射流形成的圆锥角通常为10至30°,特别地12至20°。等离子体射流的轴线优选向外倾斜,这具有增大被处理区域的结果。
这种可旋转的等离子体喷嘴例如由Plasmatreat公司以名称Openair®出售。
可旋转喷嘴具有允许在窗玻璃边缘处理相对宽的区域的优点。可以在喷嘴的单次通过中处理的条带的宽度大约等于喷嘴孔口的旋转直径。
将优选使用可旋转喷嘴,其允许在单次通过中处理宽度为1至5厘米,优选为1.5至4厘米,特别优选为2至3厘米的条带。
在等离子体喷嘴的末端与窗玻璃表面之间的距离优选小于6mm,特别是最多等于5mm,理想地2mm至4mm。
在根据本发明的方法的步骤(a)中,等离子体焰炬相对于待处理的窗玻璃进行位移。这种位移可以借助于可移动的焰炬和固定的基材而产生,或者借助于固定的焰炬和在这种固定的焰炬前面行进的移动基材而产生,后一种情况是优选的。
等离子体喷嘴相对于窗玻璃的相对位移速度优选为1至5米/分钟,特别是2至4米/分钟。在这些范围内,当喷嘴的末端和待处理的基材之间的距离更小时,通常将使用更大的相对位移速度。
等离子体喷嘴通常以3至4巴之间的载气压力进行操作。载气优选为过滤空气。
本发明的方法原则上包括其中等离子体焰炬在要处理的基材的相同区域上通过若干次的实施方式。当在这种情况下,对于每次通过,喷嘴-基材距离和位移速度可以是相同的。然而,距离和/位移速度在每次通过中可以是不同的。当该方法的步骤(a)包括焰炬在基材的相同区域上的多次通过时,必要的是,至少一次通过在独立权利要求中定义的条件下进行。所述一次或多次通过可以在其它条件下进行,特别是使用更大的喷嘴-基材距离。
优选地,步骤(a)仅包括等离子体喷嘴在待处理的窗玻璃的每个点上的单次通过。
冷等离子体处理(步骤(a))提高了表面能,并因此提高了基于硅酮的硬涂层的润湿性。在处理前,该表面能小于30mN.m-1。
在根据本发明的等离子体处理步骤之后,其至少等于45mN.m-1,优选大于50mN.m-1,理想地大于60mN.m-1。
在根据本发明的方法的第二步中,将底漆组合物施加到用等离子体处理的区域上。
这种组合物是包含一种或多种溶解或悬浮在有机或含水溶剂中的粘合促进剂的液体组合物。
该施用可以根据已知的施用技术进行,例如使用由底漆组合物浸渍的毡或泡沫进行,或者通过使用喷雾器的喷雾进行施加。
在干燥前底漆膜的厚度优选小于300μm,特别是20μm至200μm。
干燥可以在环境温度或轻微加热下进行,优选在环境温度下进行。
在干燥步骤之后,在由等离子体处理的区域上形成的干底漆层通常具有小于30μm,特别是2至20μm的厚度。
粘合促进剂选自二异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯和氯化聚烯烃。脂族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯允许特别有效的打底漆。
底漆组合物的二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯的总含量通常为20至40重量%,优选25至38重量%,特别是30至35重量%。
底漆组合物的氯化聚烯烃的含量通常为5至25重量%,优选7至20重量%,特别是10至15重量%。
在一个特别有利的实施方案中,粘合促进剂选自异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯(IPDI),4,4'-二苯基甲烷-二异氰酸酯(MDI)和用马来酸酐接枝的氯化聚烯烃。
氯化聚烯烃的氯含量优选为5〜20重量%,优选为10〜15重量%,其重均质量优选为50000〜200000,优选为80000〜120000。
这些聚烯烃可以在市场上获得,例如以商标Eastman Chlorinated Polyolefin(Eastman)、Superchlon (Nippon Paper) 和Hardlen (Toyobo)获得。
在溶剂相蒸发后,窗玻璃边缘、用等离子体处理的并用干底漆层覆盖的区域用模具包围,并将熔融状态的热塑性聚合物注入。
热塑性聚合物例如选自苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体(TPE-S)、硫化烯烃类热塑性弹性体(TPE-V)、聚(氯乙烯)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(PC/ABS)共混物和聚丙烯(PP)。
在这些热塑性聚合物中,优选使用弹性体,特别是苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体(TPE-S),硫化烯烃弹性体(TPE-V)和增塑聚(氯乙烯)(PVC))。
可用于本发明中的TPE-S主要包括以下种类:
-SBS(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯):包含由两个聚苯乙烯嵌段围绕的中心聚丁二烯嵌段的嵌段共聚物,
-SEBS(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯):通过SBS氢化获得的共聚物,
-SEPS(苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯):包含在两侧有两个聚苯乙烯嵌段的中心聚(乙烯-丙烯)嵌段的共聚物,
-SEEPS(苯乙烯-乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯):通过苯乙烯-丁二烯/异戊二烯-苯乙烯共聚物的氢化获得的共聚物。
这些聚合物在市场上可以含有矿物填料的等级获得,但也以无填料的材料的形式获得。
在本发明中,将使用基本上不含填料的TPE,或者含有少于5%的矿物填料,优选少于2%的矿物填料的TPE。
它们可以例如以下商品名称获得:Dryflex (Hexpol TPE)、Evoprene(AlphaGary)、Sofprene (SOFTER)、Laprene (SOFTER)、Asaprene (Asahi Kasei)、Nilflex(Taroplast)。
这些产品可含有一定比例的有机润滑剂、稀释剂或增塑剂。
TPE-S的熔点有利地在180℃至210℃之间,特别是在190℃至200℃之间。
在熔融状态下,它们必须是足够流动的以能够注射成型。然而,不可能给出关于其熔融态粘度的精确指示,因为这不仅取决于温度,而且取决于聚合物所经受的剪切应力。供应商一般提出“注塑成型”品质。
硫化烯烃弹性体(根据ISO 18064标准的TPE-V或TPV)是通过挤出制造期间进行交联的热塑性聚合物(通常为聚丙烯)和橡胶(通常为EPDM)的共混物。由于在挤出期间的这种硫化,这些聚合物也被称为“动态硫化橡胶”(dynamic vulcanisates)。橡胶相被分散在热塑性基体中。
作为可商购的TPE-V弹性体的实例,可以提及Sarlink® 4775B42 (Teknor ApexCo)。
增塑PVC或柔性PVC含有大量增塑剂,通常为40至60重量%。其熔点为160-200℃。
作为有利地用作封装聚合物的增塑PVC的实例,可以提及市场上可获得的以下产品:
BENVIC® (Solvay)、TECHNIFAX® (Littleford Day)、NAKAN® (Resinoplast),SUNPRENE® (Mitsubishi)。
实施例
使覆盖有基于硅酮的硬涂层(Basecoat Silfort SHP 470+AS4700,Momentive)的由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃样品在Openair® (Plasmatreat)等离子体焰炬下通过,该焰炬具有可旋转喷嘴(直径22mm,出射角为14°,向外倾斜)具有500伏安的输出功率。
等离子体焰炬在3至4巴之间的压力下用过滤空气进行操作。等离子体焰炬是固定的,并使样品的边缘以2米/分钟的速度在焰炬末端之前行进。
每个样品的边缘在等离子体焰炬下经历单次通过。在窗玻璃表面和喷嘴末端之间的距离如表1中所示。焰炬的轴线是在相对于窗玻璃的平面的法线上。
在等离子体焰炬下的样品单次通过后,根据ISO 8296标准用基于乙醇的试验溶液测量经处理区域的表面能(润湿性)。获得的值如表1中所示。
然后将每种底漆组合物施加到等离子体处理区域:
IPDI+CPO-w:在水中异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯+氯化聚烯烃(LOCTITE TP661 (Henkel))
CPO-s:在二甲苯/乙苯混合物中的氯化聚烯烃(KORATAC GM510 (Kömmerling))
CPO-w:在水中的氯化聚烯烃(HARDLEN EW5515(Toyobo))
IPDI-w:在水中的异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯(WITCOBOND 434-27(Baxenden))
IPDI-s:在乙酸正丁酯/乙酸乙酯/丁酮混合物中的异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯(SIKA 209N(Sika))
IPDI-MDI-s:在乙酸乙酯/丁酮混合物中的异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯和4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(SIKA 209D(Sika))。
使用浸渍有底漆组合物的泡沫进行施用。
将溶剂在环境温度下蒸发,将窗玻璃样品的边缘引入封装模具中,并用TPE-V(来自Teknor Apex Co.的Sarlink® 4775B42)或用增塑的PVC(来自Teknor Apex Co.的APEX®1523F3)进行包覆注塑。
在打底漆步骤和封装之间不进行窗玻璃的预热。
在封装后,样品在23℃和50%相对湿度下储存7天,然后经受以下加速老化条件:在70℃和95%相对湿度下14天,然后在-20℃下2小时。
通过在90°的剥离试验(拉伸速度100mm/min)评价粘合剂接触的质量。测量以N/cm计的剥离强度和根据ASTM-D413标准的粘合或内聚破裂的百分比。
表1显示了所有获得的结果。
不进行等离子体处理的比较样品已简单地用异丙醇进行清洗。
表1
粘合接触的剥离强度和破裂类型(内聚或粘合)作为喷嘴和表面之间的距离以及所使
用的底漆组合物的函数
*RC=内聚破裂
**RA=粘合破裂。
观察到在根据本发明的样品中,在喷嘴和硬涂层表面之间的距离为2和4mm,所有剥离强度值均大于10mN/m。
相反,对于没有经受任何等离子体处理或已经受使用8mm的焰炬/基材距离的等离子体处理的样品,绝大多数情况下剥离强度不足。
另外观察到,与使用4mm距离进行处理的那些处理相比,使用2mm距离进行处理的样品的剥离强度更高。
当喷嘴/表面距离小时,在等离子体处理后的样品的表面能是更大的。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于封装由聚碳酸酯制成的窗玻璃的方法,该窗玻璃在其至少一个表面上包含基于硅酮的抗磨硬涂层,所述方法包括以下连续步骤:
(a)通过使用等离子体喷嘴的大气等离子体来处理带有该基于硅酮的硬涂层的窗玻璃表面的区域,其中等离子体喷嘴的功率为100伏安至1000伏安,在等离子体喷嘴的末端与窗玻璃的表面之间的距离最多等于7毫米,
(b)在所述用大气等离子体处理的区域上,施用包含一种或多种溶于或悬浮于有机或含水溶剂中的选自二异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯和氯化聚烯烃的粘合促进剂的底漆组合物,
(c)使溶剂蒸发以形成干底漆层,和
(d)使热塑性聚合物在由干底漆层覆盖的区域上包覆注塑。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,等离子体喷嘴相对于窗玻璃的相对位移速度为2至4米/分钟。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在等离子体喷嘴的末端与窗玻璃表面之间的距离小于6mm,优选最多等于5mm,特别地2mm至4mm。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述等离子体喷嘴用3巴至4巴的载气优选过滤空气的压力进行操作。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于所述一种或多种粘合促进剂选自异佛尔酮-二异氰酸酯(IPDI),4,4'-二苯基甲烷-二异氰酸酯(MDI)和用马来酸酐接枝的氯化聚烯烃。
6.根据前一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于底漆组合物基本上由一种或多种选自二异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯和氯化聚烯烃的粘合促进剂组成,它们溶于或悬浮于有机或含水溶剂中。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热塑性聚合物选自苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体(TPE-S)、硫化烯属热塑性弹性体(TPE-V)、聚(氯乙烯)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(PC/ABS)共混物和聚丙烯(PP)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热塑性聚合物是弹性体,优选为选自热塑性弹性体和聚(氯乙烯)的弹性体。
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DE102017212974B4 (de) * | 2017-07-27 | 2024-08-01 | Gerresheimer Bünde Gmbh | Verfahren zur Beschichtung und Werkstück |
DE102017122431A1 (de) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-03-28 | Webasto SE | Klebeband zum Aufbringen auf ein Bauteil eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Verwendung eines Klebebands, Verbund zweier Bauteile sowie Verfahren zum Verkleben zweier Bauteile eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
CN110698708B (zh) * | 2019-09-06 | 2022-05-17 | 神通科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种耐冲击汽车聚碳酸酯后三角窗及其制备方法 |
JP7363275B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-10-18 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 接合用弾性体付きハードコート樹脂基材、ハードコート基材接合体、及び、ハードコート基材接合体の製造方法 |
FR3129708B1 (fr) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-03-01 | Valeo Vision | Glace de fermeture d’un dispositif lumineux pour véhicule. |
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PT3253903T (pt) | 2018-12-17 |
WO2016124824A1 (fr) | 2016-08-11 |
TR201818725T4 (tr) | 2019-01-21 |
JP2018506422A (ja) | 2018-03-08 |
FR3032363A1 (fr) | 2016-08-12 |
US20180015503A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
EA201791758A1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
PL3253903T3 (pl) | 2019-02-28 |
FR3032363B1 (fr) | 2017-01-27 |
EA032657B1 (ru) | 2019-06-28 |
BR112017015373A2 (pt) | 2018-01-16 |
EP3253903B1 (fr) | 2018-12-05 |
ES2701315T3 (es) | 2019-02-21 |
EP3253903A1 (fr) | 2017-12-13 |
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KR20170110617A (ko) | 2017-10-11 |
CA2973649A1 (fr) | 2016-08-11 |
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