CN107182938A - The annual balanced production method of a kind goose - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a year-round balanced production method for breeding geese. In the method, the reserve breeding geese are conventionally raised during the brooding period and the rearing period, and when the reserve geese enter the sexual maturity period, the male-female ratio is set according to the conventional method, and then they are raised In the goose house with adjustable light, and according to the characteristics of local sunshine throughout the year, 10-12h of light is given, and this light duration remains unchanged throughout the year, and the temperature inside the goose house is kept within 30°C. The present invention artificially builds a stable breeding environment, so that the breeding geese are no longer affected by light changes, so that the breeding of the breeding geese no longer shows the original seasonal characteristics; the temperature of the goose house is controlled within 30°C, so that the breeding geese Can maintain normal reproductive status. Therefore, the present invention can promote breeding geese to no longer be affected by seasons, change the original characteristics of seasonal reproduction, and be able to reproduce and produce normally at any time of the year, significantly increasing the annual egg production and improving the economics of raising breeding geese. benefit.

Description

A year-round balanced production method for breeding geese

technical field

The invention relates to poultry breeding technology, in particular to a year-round balanced production method for breeding geese.

Background technique

The breeding of geese has typical seasonal breeding characteristics. People divide the seasonal breeding of geese into three types: one is the full long-day breeding type. Breeding begins in spring when the days are longer and ends in summer when the sun is long. Most of these geese breeds have a shorter laying cycle and lower egg production. The goose species originating from gray goose and the Ili goose in my country's high latitude (40°-50° north latitude) are all of this type, including many European varieties such as Rhine goose, Lande goose, Emton goose and Hungarian white goose etc., as well as our country's Yili goose and so on. The second is the partial long-day reproduction type. There are mainly Yangzhou geese and other Chinese goose species located in temperate regions at slightly lower latitudes (30°-40° north latitude). The breeding of this kind of geese begins in autumn when the days are shortened, and ends in late spring and early summer. Generally, the egg production peak is reached after the sunshine begins to extend. The egg production cycle is longer and the egg production is relatively high. Most goose species in our country belong to this type. The third is the short-day breeding type. This type of geese grows in subtropical regions (22°-25° north latitude), mainly including lion head geese, Magang geese, etc. Their breeding begins in summer when the sunshine is shortened, and ends in the spring of the following year. Most of them are subtropical geese. . This seasonal breeding feature makes the geese significantly shorten the laying time and egg production compared with chickens and ducks, which is an important restrictive factor affecting the reproductive performance of geese.

In actual production, there are abundant forage resources in spring and summer, and the forage grass can be fully utilized by raising commercial meat geese, which can greatly reduce the feed cost; the temperature in spring and summer is relatively high, and there is basically no need to heat the goose house during the brooding period, and the goose’s The high survival rate not only reduces the cost of brooding, but also improves the survival rate of brooding. On the contrary, although winter is the high-yielding season for breeding geese, people are less willing to raise geese during this period because of the trouble and high cost of brooding, and the famous Spring Festival in my country during this period, which makes it difficult to sell goslings, and the price is low. The benefit of raising breeding geese is not high. In response to this series of problems, many experts have taken measures to adjust the light to change the breeding season characteristics of breeding geese so that they can continue to produce in the summer of the non-breeding season under natural conditions. At the same time, when people are carrying out off-season production, they still carry out the conventional production of breeding geese. The effective combination of the two has basically realized the balanced production of goose seedlings and commercial meat geese throughout the year. However, this kind of off-season production is basically based on the production technology of laying hens, using the method of forced moulting to stop the normal production of breeding geese, and then using 8h short light to gradually restore the breeding skills of breeding geese, and then using the method of adding light , increased by 0.5h per day until 12h/d and kept constant. This method does great harm to the breeding goose, and increases labor costs and feed costs during the forced moulting period, seriously affecting the economic benefits of raising geese.

In fact, through the research of the present invention, it is found that if the environmental conditions of the breeding geese house are controlled within a reasonable range, a single batch of breeding geese can also achieve balanced production of goose seedlings and commercial meat geese throughout the year, and the production level of breeding geese can be improved. Substantial improvement, the economic benefit has been significantly improved.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the technical problem of year-round balanced production of breeding eggs, goose seedlings and commercial meat geese, the present invention provides a year-round balanced production method of breeding geese, by changing the original breeding control method of breeding geese, paying attention to the control of the temperature of the breeding goose house, strictly Environmental control and other means effectively solve the above technical problems.

The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a year-round balanced production method for breeding geese, routinely feeding reserve breeding geese, and when the reserve geese enter sexual maturity, set the male-female ratio according to the conventional method, and then raise them in an adjustable light In the goose house, and according to the characteristics of the local annual sunshine, continuous light is given for 10-12 hours a day, and this light duration remains unchanged throughout the year; the temperature in the goose house is kept within 30°C.

The goslings for the conventional breeding are the goslings and the breeding geese, which are both fed and managed according to conventional production methods.

According to the conventional method, the male-to-female ratio is set to be 1:5-7 according to the size and body size of the goose during production.

The goose house with adjustable light is a goose house that can be artificially controlled. When light is not needed, the house is dark; when light is needed, the light intensity in the house can meet the set requirements.

According to the characteristics of the local annual sunshine, the appropriate light time is determined according to the local annual sunshine time, that is, the area with a longer sunshine time provides longer light time for breeding geese, and the area with shorter sunshine time provides light for breeding geese. The duration is shorter.

The 10-12h of light is to provide 10-12h of continuous light to the breeding geese throughout the day and night, and the light duration remains constant.

According to the digestive physiological characteristics of geese, the emptying time of geese after eating is generally 5-6 hours, so the light time should not be too short, otherwise the breeding geese will often be in a state of hunger, which will seriously cause the breeding geese to stop production. At the same time, long-term light will cause light passivation in geese, and long-term light will also prompt geese to stop production. On this basis, we carried out research on the effects of different light periods on the reproductive skills of breeding geese. Select the middle part of the dilated oviduct of goose oviduct whose oviduct index and length are close to the average value of the same light treatment for tissue section. It can be seen from Figure 1-3 that the 8h and 12h light treatment of the geese oviduct enlargement is bright red, the pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria are thicker, the folds are obvious, and the secretory glands are abundant; the 16h light treatment of the oviduct of the geese The enlarged part is dark red, the pseudostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria are obviously thinner, the folds are blurred, and there are few secretory glands, which shows that the secretory function of the enlarged part of the goose oviduct is reduced at this time. At the same time, the ovary index, follicle index and oviduct length of breeding geese under 12h light treatment were significantly greater than those of 8h and 16h light treatment groups. Considering the power consumption of artificial lighting, we hope that the lighting time of the goose house should be as short as possible; considering that the lighting time is too short, the breeding geese will suffer from hunger stress because they have not eaten for a long time, combined with the egg production rate of the breeding geese during the breeding process According to the fertilization rate of breeding eggs, we think that the suitable light time for breeding geese is 10-12h. Considering the power consumption caused by artificial lighting, it is necessary to use natural lighting as much as possible. This not only saves lighting costs, but also uses sunlight to promote the calcium metabolism of breeding geese. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate lighting length in combination with the local lighting duration characteristics.

Because high temperature can lead to stop production of female geese, atrophy of reproductive organs and loss of reproductive function of male geese, in the season of high temperature, the cooling curtain is used to reduce the temperature in the house to less than 30°C, so as to avoid the production stoppage of breeding geese due to high temperature. In the severe cold season in the north, close the doors and windows while ensuring the minimum ventilation, pay attention to keep warm and prevent cold, and reduce the impact of low temperature on the reproductive performance of breeding geese.

The present invention (1) changes the original control method of breeding geese, that is, effectively controls the illumination when the breeding geese enter sexual maturity and the entire breeding period, controls the illumination time at 10-12 hours, and determines the appropriate illumination according to the actual local sunshine duration time, but not more than 12 hours; (2) pay attention to the control of the temperature of the goose house, and control the temperature of the goose house within 30°C; (3) strictly control the environment, maintain stable environmental conditions and sufficient nutrient supply, especially The reason is that the duration of light should not be short or long, so as to promote the sustainability of breeding geese laying eggs.

The present invention is aimed at the characteristics of seasonal breeding of breeding geese, and at the same time avoids the combination of off-season production and conventional production adopted by some breeding geese places at present, and adopts the technology of complete environmental control during the breeding period to carry out balanced production of breeding geese throughout the year. It not only ensures the production of breeding geese and goslings throughout the year, but also significantly increases egg production, and the annual average unit price of breeding eggs is significantly increased, which significantly improves economic benefits and achieves the effect of killing multiple birds with one stone.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the histological morphology (40×) of the dilated oviduct of goose oviduct treated with 8h light treatment.

Figure 2 is the histological morphology (40×) of the dilated oviduct of goose under 12h light treatment.

Fig. 3 is the histological morphology (40×) of the swollen part of oviduct of goose under 16h light treatment.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

A year-round balanced production method for breeding geese. Reserve geese used as breeding geese have no special feeding and management requirements in the brooding and rearing stages, and conventional feeding can be carried out according to the conventional general method. When back-up geese gradually enter the sexually mature stage, the operation points of the present invention are needed to carry out feeding management. First, the male-female ratio is set according to the conventional method, and then they are raised in the goose house with adjustable light, and according to the local conditions. The characteristics of the annual sunshine, given 10-12h of light, the areas with longer sunshine hours will provide longer light hours for breeding geese, and the areas with shorter sunshine hours will provide shorter light hours for breeding geese. It should not be too long or too short, and this length of light is used throughout the breeding period, which remains unchanged throughout the year, and the length of light is strictly prohibited from being long or short. In order to avoid production stoppage due to high temperature, it is necessary to use wet curtains and other methods to reduce the temperature in the high temperature season to reduce the temperature in the house to less than 30°C.

Example 1: A batch of breeding geese were raised in the experimental farm of Yangzhou University. This batch of breeding geese was born in March in the first half of the year and started production in early October. The male-to-female ratio was 1:5, and some of the breeding geese were fully enclosed. , provide artificial light for 11 hours, and keep them until August 18; another part of the same batch of breeding geese received natural light, and stopped production in June of the following year. In addition, on February 17 of the following year, we randomly selected a certain number of breeding geese from the breeding geese that received natural light for fully enclosed breeding, provided 11 hours of artificial light, and kept them until August 18. During this period, the breeding geese provided with artificial constant light have been in a normal breeding state, and the laying cycle is close to one year. Not only that, because the environmental control is relatively in place, the breeding geese that have been discontinued in the natural state can reproduce normally, and the fertilization rate and hatching rate of the breeding eggs are high, and the survival rate of the hatched geese is easier to raise than the winter geese. The rate is high and the growth rate is fast, achieving the purpose of balanced production of breeding geese and meat geese throughout the year. The above shows that similar effects can be achieved by adopting the feeding method of the present invention for geese that have started laying and eggs that have already been laid.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any skilled person who is familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the present invention, Any simple modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made in the above embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A year-round balanced production method for breeding geese, characterized in that: conventionally rearing reserve breeding geese, after the reserve geese enter sexual maturity, set the male-female ratio according to conventional methods, and then raise them in geese with adjustable light In the house, according to the local annual sunshine characteristics, the breeding geese are given 10-12 hours of continuous light per day, and this light duration remains unchanged throughout the year; and the temperature inside the goose house is kept within 30°C.