One kind plus salt drying means
Technical field
The present invention relates to adding salt guard aperture dry, more particularly, to one kind plus salt drying means.
Background technique
Porous material is widely used in all trades and professions, and effect is just like adsorbent, catalyst, heat-barrier material, coating addition
Agent etc..The characterisitic parameter of porous material has specific surface area, aperture, hole appearance etc..These characterisitic parameters directly affect its application.Than
Such as it is used as adsorbent, it is desirable that specific surface area is high;Aperture is sometimes required that as catalyst, is sometimes required that mesoporous;As heat-barrier material
It is required that its duct is flourishing, heap density is low;As Coating Matting agent, it is desirable that its Kong Ronggao.The above-mentioned characteristic of porous material obviously with
Preparation process is related, such as industrial mainly using sodium metasilicate and sulfuric acid as raw material, and the precipitation method obtain the underdeveloped titanium dioxide in duct
Silicon, and use sol-gal process using sodium metasilicate and sulfuric acid as raw material, the then silica of available duct prosperity.Another party
Face, above-mentioned characteristic are again closely bound up with drying process.For example above-mentioned using sodium metasilicate and sulfuric acid is that raw material uses sol-gal process, knot
The Kong Rong that conjunction spray drying prepares SiO 2 powder is usually no more than 2cm3/g.Therefore, although sol-gal process can obtain
The hydrogel of macropore capacity materials, but due to the presence of surface tension in the drying process, spray drying easily causes duct to collapse
It falls into, it is difficult to obtain macropore and hold product.Therefore, it to obtain macropore and hold product, in addition to reaction process, another core technology is guard aperture
It is dry.
Guard aperture drying means common at present has supercritical drying, freeze-drying, atmosphere pressure desiccation, azeotropic distillation method
Deng.Supercritical drying can completely eliminate surface tension, intact guard aperture, but this method equipment cost is higher, complex process, needs
Hyperbaric environment limits its industrial scale applications;Surface tension can be eliminated by being freeze-dried, however the same higher cost of this method,
Mass disposal is difficult;Constant pressure and dry must be modified to support duct using surface modifier, and the operation cycle is long, process
It is cumbersome;Azeotropic distillation drying is that water is taken out of using the form of the water azeotropic in organic solvent and gel, realizes drying, such as patent
In CN101585540, using n-butanol and water binary azeotropic, under certain vacuum degree (vacuum degree 0.03MPa), highest hole is obtained
Holding is 2.5cm3The large aperture capacity silicon oxide of/g.
Also had been reported that in document and prepare porous material with inorganic salts auxiliary, such as Kim use NaCl when reaction as
Template carries out duct adjusting (KIM S H, LIU B Y H, ZACHARIAH M R.Ultrahigh Surface Area
Nanoporous Silica Particles via an Aero-Sol-Gel Process.Langmuir,2004,20(7):
2523-6), nearest Nistico etc. uses ZnCl2and CaCl2, to prepare aeroge (NISTICO R, MAGNACCA G.The
hypersaline synthesis of titania:from powders to aerogels.RSC Advances,2015,5
(19): 14333-40), the aerosil of available high-specific surface area.Nearest Li et al. NaHCO3As template system
Standby porous TiO2(LI H,LI S,ZHANG Y,et al.Inorganic salt templated porous
TiO2photoelectrode for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells[J].RSC
Advances,2016,6(1):346-52).However salt used in the above method contributes to template or influence when reaction
The preparation of porous material is realized in duct, rather than drying is used for as the application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind of solid porous material to add salt drying means.
The present invention the following steps are included:
1) salt or salting liquid are mixed with solid porous material slurry and solvent 1, the salt heat resolve, mixed liquor mistake
Filter, filtrate recycle, filter residue crystallization filtering can;
2) by filter residue obtained in step 1) in crystallizer, alternating temperature or antisolvent crystallization are carried out, antisolvent crystallization is added
Solvent 2, solvent 2 dissolve each other with solvent 1 or at least partly dissolve each other, and when antisolvent crystallization, after crystallization, mixture is filtered, filtrate
Separator is gone to separate solvent, filter residue and drying;
3) it by the filter residue heat drying in step 2, collects salt and decomposes, carry out substep temperature-controlled drying, obtained gas phase is salt
The whole components or main component of decomposition, in gas phase the non-salt main component for decomposing ingredient or non-salt decomposition carry out solvent separation,
Reuse, the solid being dried to obtain are target porous material product;
4) salt that step 3) obtains is decomposed into ingredient or its main component reacts obtain salt in the reactor, in the reactor
It is absorbed and is reacted by solvent 1, by salting liquid concentration, reuse.
In step 1), the solvent 1 can be selected from one of water, alcohols, ketone, ethers etc., and the salting liquid can be adopted
With saturated salt solution, one of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride etc. can be obtained after the salt heat resolve;The filter residue knot
The equipment such as plate filter can be used in crystalline substance filtering;Magnetic stirring apparatus, emulsifier, mechanical agitator, gas can be used in the mixing
One of blender, drum agitation device etc..
In step 2), the filtering, which can be used, to be operated batch-wise or continuously, and plate filter etc. can be selected in filter
Equipment;The solvent 2 can be selected from one of alcohols, ethers, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons etc..
In step 3), the operation such as decompression or normal pressure is can be used in the drying, and spray drying or rolling can be used in the drying
Cylinder drying etc.;The difference of solvent boiling point and salt decomposition temperature can be used in the substep temperature-controlled drying that carries out, and it is dry to carry out substep temperature control
It is dry.
The present invention has following features:
1) drying means is to have formed duct in porous material (it is the application patent that reaction, which prepares original porous material not,
Scope) on the basis of solvent in dry removal porous material.
2) it crystallizes salt in the porous material, replace moisture content.
3) normal pressure or the original solvent being dried under reduced pressure in removal porous material, and salt is decomposed, to obtain dry
Porous material.
4) reaction can be easy after salt decomposes again and generates original salt.
5) salt used in drying process, solvent are cheap, and design the recycling of salt and solvent, and technique is easily realized, operation
Condition is milder;The porous material performance prepared is excellent.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Operating procedure is as follows:
1) 28.7% ammonium carbonate solution of 20mL, 500rmp is added in 20g silica hydrogel slurry in a mixer
Lower stir about 30min.Filter the mixture, filtrate recycle.
2) isopropanol about 20mL is added in above-mentioned filter residue, stir about 30min is crystallized under 500rmp.It is mixed to filter the crystallization
Object is closed, filtrate removes rectifying separation water and isopropanol.
3) the first 55 DEG C of heating about 1h of above-mentioned filter residue, with (NH4)2CO3Aqueous solution collects gas phase 1;Then 120 DEG C of heating about 2h,
Gas phase 2, which is passed through in isopropanol, collects.What filter residue was finally dried to obtain is solid product porous silica material.
4) gas phase 1 of above-mentioned collection, in (NH4)2CO3Reaction production (NH in aqueous solution4)2CO3。
The performance data such as table 1 of dry obtained product.
Embodiment 2
Operating procedure is as described in Example 1.Except that 28.7% ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution of 20mL is added;When dry
80 DEG C of heating about 1h, then about 120 DEG C of heating 2h are appointed, ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution and isopropanol water solution are obtained.Obtained by drying
Product performance data such as table 1.
Embodiment 3
Operating procedure is as described in Example 1.Except that 28.7% ammonium acetate aqueous solution of 20mL is added;It is first when dry
About 100 DEG C of heating about 1h, then about 150 DEG C of heating 2h, obtain ammonium acetate aqueous solution and isopropanol water solution.Dry obtained production
The performance data of product such as table 1.
Embodiment 4
Operating procedure is as described in Example 1.Except that 28.7% aqueous ammonium chloride solution of 20mL is added;It is first when dry
About 100 DEG C of heating about 1h, then 350 DEG C of heating 2h, obtain aqueous ammonium chloride solution and isopropanol water solution.Dry obtained product
Performance data such as table 1.
Embodiment 5
Operating procedure is as described in Example 1.Except that 9.1% ammonium carbonate solution of 20mL is added.Obtained by drying
Product performance data such as table 1.
Embodiment 6
Operating procedure is as described in Example 1.Except that the solvent of heating is ethyl alcohol rather than isopropanol;It is appointed when dry
80 DEG C of heating 1h.The performance data such as table 1 of dry obtained product.
Embodiment 7
Operating procedure is as described in Example 1.Except that collecting decomposition product based on ammonia, outside in the stage of reaction
Add carbon dioxide, the salt of recycling is back to drying again.The performance data such as table 1 of dry obtained product.
Embodiment 8
Operating procedure is as described in Example 1.Except that addition about 9% dimethyl cyclohexyl amine of 20mL and carbon dioxide exist
The salt produced in aqueous solution.100 DEG C of heating about 1h, then about 190 DEG C of heating 2h, the spy of dry obtained product are appointed when dry
Property data such as table 1.
The product and constant pressure and dry product index that 1 embodiment of table obtains compare
The product index that 8 embodiments obtain such as table 1.It is compared by table 1 it is found that 8 embodiments can obtain large hole
Appearance, larger aperture, high specific surface area product, illustrate that implemented method has preferable protective effect to duct.