CN107148087A - Self-Powered Temperature and Humidity Sensor Network Based on Solar Harvesting - Google Patents
Self-Powered Temperature and Humidity Sensor Network Based on Solar Harvesting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于计算机网络领域，涉及一种适用于户外温湿度数据环境监测应用，通过收集传感器节点周围的环境能量——太阳能来进行传感器节点供电的温湿度传感器网络。The invention belongs to the field of computer networks, and relates to a temperature and humidity sensor network suitable for the application of outdoor temperature and humidity data environment monitoring, which collects the environmental energy around the sensor nodes—solar energy to supply power to the sensor nodes.
背景技术Background technique
无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)是由部署在监测区域内的大量传感器以自组织和多跳等方式构成的，以协作方式感知、采集、处理和传输网络覆盖区域内监测对象信息的无线网络，是当前在国际国内备受关注的、涉及多学科高度交叉、知识高度集成的前沿热点研究领域。无线传感器网络扩展了人们的信息获取能力，将客观世界的物理信息同传输网络连接在一起，在下一代网络中将为人们提供直接、有效、真实的海量信息。无线传感器网络能够获取客观物理信息，具有广阔的应用前景，能应用于军事国防、工农业控制、城市管理、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、危险区域远程控制等领域，已经引起了许多国家学术界和工业界的高度重视，被认为是对21世纪最具影响力的技术之一。Wireless sensor networks (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) are composed of a large number of sensors deployed in the monitoring area in a self-organizing and multi-hop manner, and cooperatively perceive, collect, process, and transmit wireless sensor information of monitoring objects in the network coverage area. Network is a cutting-edge hot research field that has attracted much attention at home and abroad, involves a high degree of cross-discipline and highly integrated knowledge. The wireless sensor network expands people's information acquisition ability, connects the physical information of the objective world with the transmission network, and will provide people with direct, effective and real mass information in the next generation network. Wireless sensor networks can obtain objective physical information and have broad application prospects. They can be used in military defense, industrial and agricultural control, urban management, biomedicine, environmental monitoring, emergency rescue and disaster relief, and remote control in dangerous areas. It is highly valued by the world and industry, and is considered to be one of the most influential technologies in the 21st century.
现阶段的无线传感器网络通常是集成了监测、控制以及无线通信的网络系统，节点数目庞大，节点分布更为密集，目前的节点通常使用微型电池供电，能量十分有限，由于环境的影响和能量耗尽，节点更容易出现故障。有效地从外部环境获取能量，对于低功耗的无线传感器网络具有重要意义，可以大大延长节点寿命，减少网络维护成本。The current wireless sensor network is usually a network system that integrates monitoring, control and wireless communication. The number of nodes is large and the distribution of nodes is more dense. The current nodes are usually powered by micro batteries, and the energy is very limited. Due to the impact of the environment and energy consumption nodes are more prone to failure. Effectively obtaining energy from the external environment is of great significance for low-power wireless sensor networks, which can greatly extend the life of nodes and reduce network maintenance costs.
目前，太阳能供电技术已经比较成熟，如何将太阳能供电技术与无线传感器网络结合，实现无线传感器网络有效利用太阳能，对于延长节点寿命、降低无线传感器的维护成本具有十分重要的意义，因此已经成为本领域研究的热点。比如公告号为CN205232461U、名称为“一种低功耗的无线传感器网络智能节点装置”的实用新型公开了一种低功耗的无线传感器网络智能节点装置，其包括单晶硅太阳能光伏供电模块、功耗检测模块、中央处理器和传感器模块。单晶硅太阳能光伏供电模块的输出端与功耗检测模块的输入端电性连接，功耗检测模块的输出端分别与中央处理器的输入端和传感器模块的输入端电性连接，传感器模块的输出端与中央处理器的输入端电性连接。但该实用新型中未明确提出设计能量管理模块进行传感器节点进行能量管理，实际应用中由于太阳能收集易受天气影响波动性较大，因此设计合理的能量管理模块是节点是否能够持续运行的关键。At present, solar power supply technology is relatively mature. How to combine solar power supply technology with wireless sensor network to realize the effective use of solar energy in wireless sensor network is of great significance for prolonging the life of nodes and reducing the maintenance cost of wireless sensors. research hotspot. For example, the utility model with the announcement number CN205232461U and the name "a low-power wireless sensor network intelligent node device" discloses a low-power wireless sensor network intelligent node device, which includes a monocrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic power supply module, Power consumption detection module, central processing unit and sensor module. The output end of the monocrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic power supply module is electrically connected to the input end of the power consumption detection module, and the output end of the power consumption detection module is respectively electrically connected to the input end of the central processing unit and the input end of the sensor module. The output end is electrically connected with the input end of the CPU. However, the utility model does not explicitly propose the design of an energy management module for energy management of sensor nodes. In practical applications, solar energy collection is easily affected by weather and fluctuates greatly. Therefore, designing a reasonable energy management module is the key to whether the node can continue to operate.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是利用太阳能为温湿度传感器网络供电，提出一种基于太阳能收集的自供电温湿度传感器网络。太阳能转化的电能进一步通过能源管理模块为节点供电，从而实现无线无源传感器网络节点，节能环保，大大延长传感器网络节点寿命，提高网络节点的稳定性和可靠性，减少因更换或者维护传感器网络节点而造成的节点数据丢失问题和人力资源损耗问题。同时，所述网络节点还具有结构简单、体型小巧、实用性强、维护方便的特点。The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to use solar energy to supply power to the temperature and humidity sensor network, and propose a self-powered temperature and humidity sensor network based on solar energy collection. The electric energy converted from solar energy further supplies power to the nodes through the energy management module, thereby realizing wireless passive sensor network nodes, energy saving and environmental protection, greatly prolonging the life of sensor network nodes, improving the stability and reliability of network nodes, and reducing the cost of replacing or maintaining sensor network nodes. As a result, the node data loss problem and the human resource loss problem are caused. At the same time, the network node also has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, strong practicability and convenient maintenance.
为实现上述目的，本发明提出的技术方案为基于太阳能收集的自供电温湿度传感器网络，传感器网络的每个节点包含太阳能电池板、可充电锂电池、温湿度传感器、无线通讯模块、能源管理模块和中央处理单元，太阳能电池板和可充电锂电池与能源管理模块相连，能源管理模块另一端与中央处理单元相连，温湿度传感器和无线通讯模块同时与中央处理单元相连。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is a self-powered temperature and humidity sensor network based on solar energy collection. Each node of the sensor network includes a solar panel, a rechargeable lithium battery, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wireless communication module, and an energy management module. It is connected with the central processing unit, the solar panel and the rechargeable lithium battery are connected with the energy management module, the other end of the energy management module is connected with the central processing unit, and the temperature and humidity sensor and the wireless communication module are connected with the central processing unit at the same time.
进一步，上述能源管理模块由供电控制单元，电量监测单元和能量收集单元组成，供电控制单元用于管理传感器网络节点的供电方式，实时监测太阳能的收集效率，若转换效率高，则太阳能电池板上的太阳能电池为传感器网络节点供电并将多余电能存入可充电锂电池中，若转换效率低但尚足够节点工作使用，则太阳能电池只为节点供电，若太阳能电池提供的电量不足以供节点工作使用，则节点由可充电锂电池直接供电，太阳能电池收集电量供给可充电锂电池。Further, the above-mentioned energy management module is composed of a power supply control unit, a power monitoring unit and an energy collection unit. The power supply control unit is used to manage the power supply mode of the sensor network nodes and monitor the collection efficiency of solar energy in real time. If the conversion efficiency is high, the solar panel will The solar battery provides power for the sensor network nodes and stores the excess energy in a rechargeable lithium battery. If the conversion efficiency is low but still enough for the node to work, the solar battery will only supply power for the node. If the power provided by the solar battery is not enough for the node to work In use, the node is directly powered by a rechargeable lithium battery, and the solar battery collects power to supply the rechargeable lithium battery.
上述电量检测单元可以读取锂电池电压及剩余电量，并通过无线通讯模块发送实时监控所有传感器工作时的电压电量给基站或者汇聚节点，从而检查节点是否能够正常工作。The above-mentioned power detection unit can read the voltage and remaining power of the lithium battery, and send real-time monitoring of the voltage and power of all sensors to the base station or aggregation node through the wireless communication module, so as to check whether the node can work normally.
上述能源收集单元可以将太阳能电池板接收到的光能装换为电能供传感器节点使用。The above-mentioned energy collection unit can convert the light energy received by the solar panel into electrical energy for use by the sensor nodes.
上述无线通讯模块采用无线通信自组网技术并采用收发同时进行的方式工作。The above-mentioned wireless communication module adopts wireless communication ad hoc network technology and works in a manner of simultaneous sending and receiving.
上述传感器网络由多个同时具备收发功能的节点组成，每个节点同时具有中继功能，可接收上一个节点发送出的内容，发送该节点采集到的环境温湿度以及来自上一个节点的数据，运用多跳的工作方式将采集到的数据发送给基站或者汇聚节点，从而完成环境中所有节点的温湿度数据实时获取。The above-mentioned sensor network is composed of multiple nodes with both sending and receiving functions. Each node also has a relay function, which can receive the content sent by the previous node, and send the ambient temperature and humidity collected by the node and the data from the previous node. Use the multi-hop working method to send the collected data to the base station or the aggregation node, so as to complete the real-time acquisition of temperature and humidity data of all nodes in the environment.
与现有的技术相比，本发明的有益效果：Compared with existing technology, the beneficial effect of the present invention:
1，本发明中通过采用太阳能转化的电能为节点供电，从而实现无线无源传感器网络节点，节能环保，可以大大延长传感器网络节点寿命，提高网络节点的稳定性和可靠性，减少因更换或者维护传感器网络节点而造成的节点数据丢失问题和人力资源损耗问题。1. In the present invention, the energy converted from solar energy is used to supply power to the nodes, so as to realize wireless passive sensor network nodes, energy saving and environmental protection, which can greatly prolong the service life of sensor network nodes, improve the stability and reliability of network nodes, and reduce the cost of replacement or maintenance. The problem of node data loss and human resource loss caused by sensor network nodes.
2，本发明的网络节点还具有结构简单、体型小巧、实用性强、维护方便的特点。2. The network node of the present invention also has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, strong practicability and convenient maintenance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是太阳能温湿度传感器节点结构框图；Figure 1 is a block diagram of the solar temperature and humidity sensor node structure;
图2是太阳能温湿度传感器节点工作流程图。Figure 2 is the working flow chart of the solar temperature and humidity sensor node.
具体实施方式detailed description
现结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention is described in further detail now in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
基于太阳能收集的自供电温湿度传感器网络由多个太阳能温湿度传感器节点组成。如图1所示，太阳能温湿度传感器节点由太阳能电池板、锂电池、温湿度传感器、无线通讯模块、能源管理模块、中央处理单元组成。The self-powered temperature and humidity sensor network based on solar energy harvesting consists of multiple solar temperature and humidity sensor nodes. As shown in Figure 1, the solar temperature and humidity sensor node is composed of solar panels, lithium batteries, temperature and humidity sensors, wireless communication modules, energy management modules, and central processing units.
能源管理模块由供电控制单元、电量检测单元和能量收集单元组成；温湿度传感器负责收集节点所在环境内温度湿度实时数据；供电控制单元可以检测太阳能电池板收集的阳光转化的电量，若转换的电量多，则太阳能电池为节点供电并将多余电能存入锂电池中，若转换的电量少但是足够节点工作使用，则太阳能电池只为节点供电，若太阳能电池板转换后的电量不足以供节点工作使用，则由锂电池补足节点工作所需的剩余电量；电量检测单元可以读取锂电池电压及剩余电量并通过无线通讯模块发送实时监控所有传感器工作时的电压电量给基站或者汇聚节点，从而检查节点是否能够正常工作；能量收集单元可以将太阳能电池板接收到的光能装换为电能供传感器节点使用。The energy management module is composed of a power supply control unit, a power detection unit, and an energy collection unit; the temperature and humidity sensor is responsible for collecting real-time data on the temperature and humidity in the environment where the node is located; the power supply control unit can detect the electricity converted from sunlight collected by the solar panel, if the converted electricity If there are more, the solar battery will supply power for the node and store the excess energy in the lithium battery. If the converted power is small but enough for the node to work, the solar battery will only supply power for the node. If the converted power of the solar panel is not enough for the node to work In use, the lithium battery will make up the remaining power required for the node to work; the power detection unit can read the voltage and remaining power of the lithium battery and send real-time monitoring of the voltage and power of all sensors to the base station or aggregation node through the wireless communication module to check Whether the node can work normally; the energy harvesting unit can convert the light energy received by the solar panel into electrical energy for use by the sensor node.
无线通讯模块采用无线通信自组网技术并使用收发同时进行的工作模式。The wireless communication module adopts the wireless communication self-organizing network technology and uses the working mode of sending and receiving at the same time.
网络节点的工作流程框图如图2所示，工作步骤如下：The workflow block diagram of the network node is shown in Figure 2, and the working steps are as follows:
步骤1)太阳能电池板在有光照环境下收集光能，由能量管理模块中的能量收集单元将光能转换为电能，并将电能传至供电控制单元；Step 1) The solar panel collects light energy in an illuminated environment, and the energy collection unit in the energy management module converts the light energy into electrical energy, and transmits the electrical energy to the power supply control unit;
步骤2)供电控制单元对太阳能电池板所收集的电量进行分析，若单位时间收集电量足够供节点正常工作使用，则将电量供节点使用后的多余电量存入锂电池；若单位时间收集电量较少，但足以为太阳能温湿度传感器节点使用，则将电量直接供节点使用；若单位时间收集电量较少且不足以支持温湿度传感器节点使用，则将收集电量供传感器节点使用并从锂电池中调用节点还需要的电量供节点正常工作；Step 2) The power supply control unit analyzes the electricity collected by the solar panel. If the electricity collected per unit time is sufficient for the normal operation of the node, the excess electricity after the electricity is used by the node is stored in the lithium battery; less, but enough to be used by solar temperature and humidity sensor nodes, the power will be directly used by the nodes; The power required by the calling node is also required for the normal operation of the node;
步骤3)电量检测模块将收集到的锂电池实时状态即剩余电量、电压，发送至中央处理单元进行处理；Step 3) The power detection module sends the collected real-time status of the lithium battery, that is, the remaining power and voltage, to the central processing unit for processing;
步骤4)温湿度传感器模块在得到太阳能电池或锂电池或两者一起提供的电量后，收集当前环境中的温湿度状态并将温湿度发送至节点微处理器处进行处理；Step 4) The temperature and humidity sensor module collects the temperature and humidity state in the current environment and sends the temperature and humidity to the node microprocessor for processing after obtaining the power provided by the solar battery or the lithium battery or both;
步骤5)中央处理单元与无线通信模块进行交互，中央处理单元将自己接收到的电池状态以及环境内实时温湿度数据进行处理后发送给无线通信模块，并控制无线通信模块的工作，无线通信模块则发送和接收数据并将接收到的数据发送给下一跳节点或者基站。Step 5) The central processing unit interacts with the wireless communication module. The central processing unit processes the received battery status and real-time temperature and humidity data in the environment and sends them to the wireless communication module, and controls the work of the wireless communication module. The wireless communication module Then send and receive data and send the received data to the next hop node or base station.
基于太阳能收集的自供电温湿度传感器网络的整体工作方式如下：The overall working method of the self-powered temperature and humidity sensor network based on solar energy harvesting is as follows:
步骤1)多个传感器节点自组成网，形成网络拓扑；Step 1) a plurality of sensor nodes form a network by themselves to form a network topology;
步骤2)各节点将自己所在环境中的实时温湿度情况及节点锂电池状态经中央处理单元处理后，通过无线通信模块发出；Step 2) each node sends out the real-time temperature and humidity situation in its own environment and the state of the node lithium battery through the wireless communication module after being processed by the central processing unit;
步骤3)无线通信模块在发送数据的同时，接收环境中其他无线通信模块发出的数据；Step 3) The wireless communication module receives data sent by other wireless communication modules in the environment while sending data;
步骤4)多个太阳能温湿度传感器节点互相通信，每个太阳能温湿度传感器节点都具有中继功能，从而实现基于太阳能收集的自供电温湿度传感器网络。Step 4) Multiple solar temperature and humidity sensor nodes communicate with each other, and each solar temperature and humidity sensor node has a relay function, thereby realizing a self-powered temperature and humidity sensor network based on solar energy collection.
通过以上说明可见与现有的技术相比，本发明提出的网络传感器节点可以在不需要更换有限电池的情况下一直工作，减少因更换或者维护传感器网络节点供电模块而造成的节点数据问题和人力资源问题。太阳能转化的电能进一步通过能源管理模块为节点供电，从而实现无线无源传感器网络节点，节能环保，大大延长传感器网络节点寿命，提高网络节点的稳定性和可靠性，减少因更换或者维护传感器网络节点而造成的节点数据丢失问题和人力资源损耗问题。同时，所述网络节点还具有结构简单、体型小巧、实用性强、维护方便的特点。It can be seen from the above description that compared with the existing technology, the network sensor node proposed by the present invention can work continuously without changing the limited battery, reducing node data problems and manpower caused by replacing or maintaining the sensor network node power supply module resource problem. The electric energy converted from solar energy further supplies power to the nodes through the energy management module, thereby realizing wireless passive sensor network nodes, energy saving and environmental protection, greatly prolonging the life of sensor network nodes, improving the stability and reliability of network nodes, and reducing the cost of replacing or maintaining sensor network nodes. As a result, the node data loss problem and the human resource loss problem are caused. At the same time, the network node also has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, strong practicability and convenient maintenance.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些也应视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some modifications and improvements without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these should also be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
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